The Way to Green : Transport sector in Thailand file1 The Way to Green : Transport sector in Thailand By Mr. Chamroon Tangpaisalkit Transport Technical Advisor OTP, Ministry of Transport

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The Way to Green : Transport sector in Thailand

By By Mr. Mr. ChamroonChamroon TangpaisalkitTangpaisalkit

Transport Technical AdvisorOTP, Ministry of Transport

[email protected]

MEET follow-up Meeting (FUM)16-18 June 2009

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IntroductionIntroduction

Thailand and Bangkok in overviewThailand and Bangkok in overviewCurrent situation & statusCurrent situation & statusPolicy and StrategyPolicy and StrategyBarriers and OpportunitiesBarriers and OpportunitiesConclusionConclusion

Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and PlanningOffice of Transport and Traffic Policy and PlanningMinistry of TransportMinistry of Transport

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BMR

Bangkok Metropolitan and Region


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BangkokMetropolitan

Panorama

POPULATION : 10.8 millionsPOPULATION : 10.8 millionsAREA : 7,760 AREA : 7,760 sq.kmsq.km..GDP 68 % of National GDPGDP 68 % of National GDP

Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and PlanningOffice of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning

Ministry of TransportMinistry of Transport

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Traffic congested in urban centerTraffic congested in urban center


6

Travel Pattern of people in Bangkok

CarCar9.5

Mil. Trips/Day

Car Car 56%56%

9.5Mil. Trips/Day

TotalTotal

1177Mil.TripsMil.Trips/Day/Day

6Mil. trips/Day

Bus Bus 35%35%

6Mil. trips/Day

Mass Transit Mass Transit 4%4%Sky TrainSky Train

0.45Mil. Trips/Day

BTSBTS

MRTAMRTA

SubwaySubway

0.18Mil. Trips/Day



7ชวงโมงเรงดว

Speed (Km./Hr.)0 - 2020 - 4040 - 6060 - 100

Average Speed = 12 km./hr.Average Speed = 12 km./hr.




Current Road Traffic Condition in Bangkok

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Forecasting of Energy used in ThailandEnergy used : GDP (1.4:1) Estimate GDP growth 5% per year

Unit : Bill. Bath

573777

1,529

2,145

1,090

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1997 2002 2007 2012 2017

Exchange rate in year 2007 : 1 US$ = 35 BathExchange rate in year 2007 : 1 US$ = 35 Bath

31.14 Bill. US $

34.69 Bill. US $

61.29 Bill. US $

Unit : Bill. Bath

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Thailand Energy Consumption by Economic Sector

In 1998 the Asian economic crises caused world oil demand to drop for a short time.

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Fuel Consumption & New Vehicle Registered in BKK

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Fuel

Con

sum

ptio

n (M

.L

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

New

Veh

icle

Reg

iste

red

in B

KK (

15 u

nit)Diesel

GasolineNo. of Vehicles



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Share of Energy Demand in the Transportation Sector in Thailand

14.7

1.6

16.34.3

0.3

4.60.5

78.6

79.1

Share(%)

2,731Overseas

307Domestic3,038Air Transportation

794Overseas

57Domestic

851Water Transportation

105Rail

14,638Road14,743Land Transportation

Energy DemandktoeTransport Mode

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GHGs Emissions

Green House Gas emissions from energy sector (million tonne CO2e)

180.683

171.37

163,039

154,535

146,561

Total

9.313

8.331

8.504

7.974

Increasing per year

10.805

10.727

9.851

9.213

9.096

Others

5.312

4.675

4.569

4.535

4.306

Residential / Commercial

39.732

38.043

37.135

33.930.922

Industrial71.623

66.299

63.458

61.264

57.788

Electricity 52.211

51.626

48.026

45.623

44.449

Transport

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

Year

Source: Thailand energy Statistics 2004

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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Ratio of Air Emissions (Pollutants) in Bangkok

% Mobile sources% Mobile sources(Motor Vehicle)(Motor Vehicle)

NONOxx SOSOxx COCO PMPM HCHC

% Area source% Area source% Point source% Point source

87%87%80%80% 54%54%7575%%



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Air Pollution and Climate Change Link

CO2CO2

CH4CH4 N2ON2O

SF6SF6

HFCHFC

PFCPFC

Greenhouse gases covered by Kyoto Protocol

Air Pollutants

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

URBAN AIR POLLUTION

REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION

GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION


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Potential CDM ProjectsPotential CDM ProjectsCategorized by Baseline Setting ApproachesCategorized by Baseline Setting Approaches

SubwaySubwayInfrastructure Infrastructure

improvementimprovementRoad/area pricingRoad/area pricingBRTBRTLRTLRT,, etc.etc.

Low COLow CO22 emitting emitting vehiclesvehicles

Engine modificationEngine modificationVehicle inspection/ Vehicle inspection/

maintenance programmaintenance programHybrid/EVHybrid/EVCNG/BDF buses/trucksCNG/BDF buses/trucksPark & RidePark & RideExpresswayExpressway,, etc.etc.

Low COLow CO22 content fuelcontent fuelAlternative fuels (e.g., Alternative fuels (e.g.,

CNG, Gasohol, Biodiesel)CNG, Gasohol, Biodiesel)Bus operators (BMTA, Bus operators (BMTA,

Private bus companies)Private bus companies),,etc.etc.

BottomBottom--Up 2Up 2(Network)(Network)

BottomBottom--Up 1Up 1((EachEach Vehicle)Vehicle)

TopTop--DownDown(Total(Total Vehicles)Vehicles)

Simple, with less data Complicated, need models and more data


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Policy and Strategies

An emerging concept based onAn emerging concept based on……

Environmental coEnvironmental co--benefitsbenefits (climate change action and (climate change action and local environmental management, etc.)local environmental management, etc.)SocioSocio--economic coeconomic co--benefitsbenefits (poverty alleviation, (poverty alleviation, health, gender and human rights, etc.)health, gender and human rights, etc.)

Addressing Addressing how to overcomehow to overcome technical and financial technical and financial as well as political as well as political barriersbarriers to undertake to undertake environmental protection measures at different levelsenvironmental protection measures at different levels



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Challenges of local environmental actions

Challenges are often cited in terms ofChallenges are often cited in terms of……Local Local capacitycapacity (technical / instrumental)(technical / instrumental)Lack of Lack of legallegal /regulatory instruments/regulatory instrumentsFinancialFinancial resources resources Awareness and supportAwareness and support

Background problemsBackground problemsPolicy priorityPolicy priority amongst mounting multiple challenges amongst mounting multiple challenges (poverty, slums, housing, infrastructure, health, social (poverty, slums, housing, infrastructure, health, social welfare, economic livelihood) welfare, economic livelihood) More competition More competition than synergythan synergyPerceptionPerception –– Environmental protection measures are Environmental protection measures are financial burdenfinancial burden (prevailing both in city managers, (prevailing both in city managers, donors and investors) donors and investors)



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Example cases of co-benefits

Promoting public transportation / Demand side management for Promoting public transportation / Demand side management for urban transport will generate: urban transport will generate: Environmental benefits:Environmental benefits:

Improvement in local air qualityImprovement in local air qualityReduction ofReduction of GHG gas emissionGHG gas emission

SocioSocio--economic coeconomic co--benefits:benefits:Direct return from energy saving Direct return from energy saving Avoiding the cost of traffic jamAvoiding the cost of traffic jamStimulate economic livelihood / competitivenessStimulate economic livelihood / competitivenessEquitable mobility and safetyEquitable mobility and safetyNew business opportunitiesNew business opportunitiesNew finance through urban Transport CDM projectNew finance through urban Transport CDM projectSaving health costs (air pollution, accidents, etc)Saving health costs (air pollution, accidents, etc)



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Barriers to Sustainable Transport

Policy BarriersInstitutional BarriersTechnical BarriersMarket BarriersEconomic and Financial BarriersInformation Barriers



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Barrier Removal Activities

Capacity building (e.g., financial evaluation, technology application, energy-integrated urban transport planning)

Institutional strengthening (e.g., regulatory frameworks, vehicle emission standards)

Investments (e.g., demonstration & replication projects)

Training (e.g., design, operation, maintenance of vehicles and transport systems)

Targeted research (e.g., adaptation of technologies, techniques, practices to local conditions)



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Conclusion

Main activities

Continue effective operation of the network for promoting city-to-city cooperation / assisting capacity building at the local level

Strengthen focus on climate change project to emerge in individual countries and take lead in national networkingFinancial support from Annex I countries



Documents

The Way to Green : Transport sector in Thailand file1 The Way to Green : Transport sector in Thailand By Mr. Chamroon Tangpaisalkit Transport Technical Advisor OTP, Ministry of Transport