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The Western Frontier
1871-1905
• Changes that took place in the west between 1871 and 1905 devastated the old ways.– N.W.M.Police was establish– The Canadian Pacific Railroad– Increased population– Two new provinces
• A few events that preceded the opening of the west were:– Confederation– Sale of Rupert’s Land- 1870– Manitoba the 5th Province– British Columbia - 6th Province - 1871
Who lived in this vast area?
• 30,000 natives• 12,000 non-natives• By 1880 more
Europeans• Many people armed,
many still involved in the fur trade
Problems?
• Surveying not complete
• Native land claims• Fur trade
The Whiskey Trade
• N.W.T. huge, hard to govern
• No fence between U.S. and Canada
• Traders set up post anywhere
• Good area was southern Alberta
• Could slip back and forth accross the boarder
• Trade whiskey for furs
Effects of the Whiskey Trade:
• Trade of rot-gut whiskey devastating
• Disease,malnutrition• Trade buffalo,
horses,food, wives
Cypress Hills Massacre May 1874:
• Whiskey traders from the U.S. attacked a group of Assiniboine who they thought had stolen their horses
• Traders shot 30 natives• Shocked Canadian
government but not American
Canadian response:
• Recruit men into a new policing unit called the North West Mounted Police
• 1873 arrived in Winnipeg, trained during the winter, marched in July
March West: 1874
• Left with 200 carts and men
• Summer hot, little water• Spilt the group, sending
one party to Ft Edmonton the other to Fort Whoop-up
• Restored order• Natives protected.• Development was
orderly