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MigrationsThe Why and the Who…
Who’s on the Move?
HittitesAryansMinoansPhoenicians
Why Do People Migrate?
Environmental ProblemsEconomic ReasonsTechnological Developments
Political and Religious Persecution
What Are the Results of Migrations?
Cultural DiffusionPopulation ShiftsLanguage DiffusionReligious Diffusion
Hittites
Time Period: 1650-1190 B.C. Main Activity: Warriors Location: Came from the steppes of Asia to
Anatolia (modern day Turkey) Political: Kings ruled; city-states emerged which
would eventually form an empire. Accomplishments: Treaty with Egypt and they
rewrote Hammurabi’s Code to make it more forgiving.
Lasting Contributions: Iron weapons and chariots Reason(s) for Decline: They were suddenly
attacked from the north. The invaders burned their capital.
Aryans
Time Period: 1500-1000B.C. Main Activity: Pastoral People Location: Moved into the Indus River Valley Political: Minor kings struggled for power.
There major kingdom was Magadha Lasting Contributions: Caste system,
election of tribal leaders, Vedas (sacred literature that shows Aryan life), and Mahabharata (epic poem).
Reason(s) for Decline: Internal violence?
Minoans
Time Period: 2000 B.C.-1200B.C. Main Activity: Merchants and sailors Location: Crete. There capital was Knossos Political: King Minos was their most famous
leader Accomplishments: Trade, painted pottery,
language, women in high ranks Lasting Contributions: Legend of the
Minotaur Reason(s) for Decline: Unclear –
earthquake???
Phoenicians
Time Period: 1100 B.C.-842 B.C. Main Activity: Sailors and traders Location: The area that is now Lebanon
around the Mediterranean Sea. Political: Never united (remained city-states),
major cities included: Sidon, Tyre, and Byblos. Accomplishments: First to venture beyond the
Strait of Gibraltar . Lasting Contributions: Alphabet Reason(s) for Decline: Eastern cities were
captured by the Assyrians. Later they came under the control of Babylon and Persia.