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The World Before War. 1919 - 1939. Totalitarianism. Government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life. Dynamic Leader. Unites people Symbolizes govt. Encourages popular support through force. Ideology. Sets and glorifies state goals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The World Before War
1919 - 1939
TotalitarianismGovernment that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life
Dynamic LeaderUnites peopleSymbolizes govt.Encourages popular support through force
IdeologySets and glorifies state goalsJustifies govt actions
State Control of Individuals
Controls EVERYTHING Business, labor, housing, education, religion, the arts, etc.
Methods of EnforcementTerrorCensorshipPersecution
Use of TechnologyMass communicationAdvanced weaponry
Totalitarian Rulers in the 2oth Century
Adolf HitlerBenito MussoliniJoseph StalinKim Il SungSaddam Hussein
The Rise of Mussolini
Italy’s Conditions After WWI
Had fought w/Allies but didn’t get all they were promisedHuge war debtsNo markets to sell goods
Mussolini’s Background1883: Born to a working class family1919: Formed the Fascist party
Facism:Totalitarian system of governmentDefended private property and class structureCause of nation advanced at all costs
1920: Began to campaign for power1921: Mussolini’s followers, Blackshirts, physically attacked political opponents and drove elected officials from office
Democratic govt did nothing to stop them
1922: Fascists stages March on Rome to protest
King Victor Emmanuel III named Mussolini Prime Minister
1924: Blackshirts ensured Italians voted for Fascist candidates
Mussolini began calling himself “Il Duce” – “the leader”Banned non-Fascist partiesFascists arrested, assaulted or murdered anyone who voted against them
Mussolini’s Accomplishments
1.Brought order to Italy2.Built up armed forces3.Solved unemployment
problem4.Rekindled patriotism
The Rise of Adolf Hitler
1889: Born in Austria1913: Rejected by Austrian army 1914: Joined WWI w/German army1918: Received military award1919: Joined German’s Workers’
Party = future Nazi party
1920: Put in charge of Nazi propaganda
1923: Beer Hall PutschTried to seize power of govt.Sent to prisonWrote Mein Kampf = “My Struggle”
1933: President Hindenberg invited Hitler to be Chancellor
Nazis got 44% of vote in the next election
1934: Hindenberg diedGovt. combined Chancellorship and PresidencyHitler became der Fuhrer = “the leader”