The World War I The World War I EraEra

The Road to WarThe Road to War

America, 1914:America, 1914:• US vowed to remain neutralUS vowed to remain neutral

• President Woodrow Wilson’s re-President Woodrow Wilson’s re-election slogan: ‘He kept us out of election slogan: ‘He kept us out of the war’the war’

• Led to 8 million combatant Led to 8 million combatant deaths, many more civiliansdeaths, many more civilians

• First modern warFirst modern war

• Green are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central PowersGreen are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central Powers

• Lighter colors are coloniesLighter colors are colonies

• Grey countries are not involvedGrey countries are not involved

WWI - 1914WWI - 1914

• Green are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central PowersGreen are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central Powers

• Lighter colors are coloniesLighter colors are colonies

• Grey countries are not involvedGrey countries are not involved

WWI - 1918WWI - 1918

Causes of World War Causes of World War I (I (M.A.N.I.A.M.A.N.I.A.))

MMilitarismilitarism

Military buildup made war more likelyMilitary buildup made war more likely

Military officials became influential in European Military officials became influential in European governmentsgovernments

AAllianceslliances Alliances designed to bolster national securityAlliances designed to bolster national security

NNationalism (two forms)ationalism (two forms)

Great Powers willing to go to war to protect empireGreat Powers willing to go to war to protect empire

Ethnic minorities within empires wanted independenceEthnic minorities within empires wanted independence

IImperialismmperialism

Scramble for empires created sharp rivalriesScramble for empires created sharp rivalries

AAssassination - Archduke Francis ssassination - Archduke Francis FerdinandFerdinand Bosnia was under the control of the Austro-Bosnia was under the control of the Austro-

Hungarian EmpireHungarian Empire

Murdered by a Serbian terrorist, Gavrilo Murdered by a Serbian terrorist, Gavrilo PrincipPrincip

AlliancesAlliances

Alliances - Chain of EventsAlliances - Chain of Events July 28, 1914 July 28, 1914

Austro-Hungary declared war on SerbiaAustro-Hungary declared war on Serbia

July 29July 29thth, 1914, , 1914,

Russia mobilized military to protect its ethnic cousins, Russia mobilized military to protect its ethnic cousins, SerbiansSerbians

August 1, 1914 August 1, 1914

Germany, Austria’s chief ally, declared war on RussiaGermany, Austria’s chief ally, declared war on Russia

August 3, 1914August 3, 1914

France, Russia’s ally, began to mobilize for war against France, Russia’s ally, began to mobilize for war against GermanyGermany

Major Central PowersMajor Central Powers Austro-Hungarian EmpireAustro-Hungarian Empire

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

GermanyGermany

BulgariaBulgaria

Major Allied PowersMajor Allied Powers RussiaRussia

SerbiaSerbia

FranceFrance

Great BritainGreat Britain

Italy Italy

RomaniaRomania

GreeceGreece

JapanJapan

United States (April United States (April 1917)1917)

1914 - 19181914 - 1918

American Public Opinions & NeutralityAmerican Public Opinions & Neutrality

1.1. Many Americans felt Many Americans felt personally involvedpersonally involved

- About 92 million Americans were - About 92 million Americans were 1st or 2nd generation immigrants1st or 2nd generation immigrants

2.2. Most Americans opposed the Most Americans opposed the Central PowersCentral Powers

a)a)Germany undemocratic – Kaiser Germany undemocratic – Kaiser an Autocratan Autocrat

b)b)Viewed Germans as cold blooded Viewed Germans as cold blooded & militaristic& militaristic

3.3. Remain neutral to protect Remain neutral to protect American investment American investment overseasoverseas

THE THE ENDEND