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2006-11-23 Web - history to future 1 The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson ([email protected], [email protected] ) SICS (http://www.sics.se) W3C (http://www.w3.org)

The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson ([email protected], [email protected] )

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Page 1: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

2006-11-23Web - history to future

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The World Wide WebFrom Yesterday to Tomorrow

Olle Olsson([email protected], [email protected] )

SICS (http://www.sics.se)W3C (http://www.w3.org)

Page 2: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Outline ... What ?!● We are surfing the web

– But, exactly where are we?

● Where will it bring us tomorrow?

– ????

● By the way, how did we get here?– From where?

Page 3: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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An ancient World Wide Web?

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Where are we?

2006

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Where are we?

2006

2000

1990

1970 2040

2020

2010

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December 2005 – the web 15

Page 7: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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The Net - Timeline

ARPAnetInternet

World Wide Web

1970 1980 1990 20001960

1989

WW

W c

once

pt d

escr

ibed

1993

NC

SA M

osai

c br

owse

r

1995

W3C

cre

ated

1945

Van

neva

r Bus

ch: i

dea

1998

XM

L-R

PC (S

OAP

)

1971

FTP

1969

GM

L

1980

SG

ML

Page 8: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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What was

Page 9: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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440 BC – Socrates - dialogue

● Knowledge● Memory● Learning

● Socratic method - dialogue

Page 10: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1447 – Gutenberg – movable types

● Industrial mass reproduction

● Printing with movable types

Page 11: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1945 - Vannevar Bush - memexThe Atlantic Monthly | July 1945

As We May Think

by Vannevar Bush

As Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, Dr. Vannevar Bush has

coordinated the activities of some six thousand leading American scientists in the application

of science to warfare. In this significant article he holds up an incentive for scientists when the

fighting has ceased. He urges that men of science should then turn to the massive task of making more accessible our bewildering store

of knowledge. ...

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1963 - Ted Nelson - hypertext

● Storing information on a computer● Structuring information● Retrieving information ● Pieces of text connected

● Hypertext

Page 13: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1968 - Doug Engelbart - navigation

● Graphical screen interaction● Mouse● Navigation● Retrieving information

● “Augmenting Human Intellect”● NLS -- oNLine System

Page 14: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1969 - Charles Goldfarb/IBM - GML

● Text layout● Recurrent patterns● Typesetting principles● Embedded tags ● Mechanical process

● Generalized Markup Language

Page 15: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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GML

:book.:body.:h1.Introduction:p.GML supported hierarchical containers, such as:ol.:li.Ordered lists (like this one),:li.Unordered lists, and:li.Definition lists:eol.:p.as well as simple structures.:p.Markup minimization allowed the end-tags to be omitted for the "h1" and "p" elements.

Page 16: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1983 - Charles Goldfarb/IBM - SGML

● Text layout● Recurrent patterns● Typesetting principles● Embedded tags ● Mechanical process

● Standard Generalized Markup Language

Page 17: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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SGML

:memo):to)Fred Bloggs*to]:from)Joe Smith*from]:subject)Lunch*subject]:body):p)Do you want to have lunch?*p] :p)I am free at 12.00*p]*body]:signature)Fred*signature]*memo]

Page 18: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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SGML

<memo><to>Fred Bloggs</to><from>Joe Smith</from><subject>Lunch</subject><body><p>Do you want to have lunch?</p> <p>I am free at 12.00</p></body><signature>Fred</signature></memo>

Page 19: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1990 – Tim Berners-Lee - WWW

● Computer-stored documents● Uni-directed links doc ==> doc● Networked computers● Server and client

● WWW – World Wide Web

Page 20: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1990 – CERN - WWW

● Tim Berners-Lee & Robert Caillou● Technical documentation● Heterogeneous network● Decentralised production

Page 21: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1993 – NCSA – Mosaic Browser

● Driven by curiosity ● A small but decicated community● Open development

● Content handlers: graphics, ...● CGI protocol

● Free – no fees

● Mosaic Browser

Page 22: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1993 – Mosaic Browser

Page 23: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1994 – Netscape – web company

● Entrepreneurial ● Successful IPO● Surprised expert market analysts ● Endeared to the young generations● Driving technology● Portal concept

● Netscape Navigator

Page 24: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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1994 – 1st WWW Conference

Page 25: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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What is

Page 26: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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The web – everywhere!

Page 27: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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The Net - Timeline

ARPAnetInternet

World Wide Web

1970 1980 1990 20001960

1989

WW

W c

once

pt d

escr

ibed

1993

NC

SA M

osai

c br

owse

r

1995

W3C

cre

ated

1945

Van

neva

r Bus

ch: i

dea

1998

XM

L-R

PC (S

OAP

)

1971

FTP

1969

GM

L

1980

SG

ML

Page 28: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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World Wide Web Consortium - W3C

• Konsortium (1994- ) driver utvecklingen mot en webb för alla.

• Formell utvecklingsprocess, patentpolicy• Cirka 400 medlemmar

stora & små, leverantörer & användare, i Amerika, Europa och Asien

• W3C tar fram webbteknologistandarder “Recommendations”

• Standarder tas fram av arbetsgrupper bemannade av W3C-medlemmar

• “W3C leder webben mot sin fulla potential”.

Page 29: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Technology Stack

Page 30: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Results and actions

● Technology standards● Formats● Protocols● Interoperability!

● Guidelines● For use

● Architectural principles● “Architecture of the web”

● Outreach

Page 31: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Web Technologies & Standards

● Software products ● vendors

● Application models and schemas● user-specific

● Interoperability● across administrative borders

● Standards● Enable interoperability● Decrease vendor lock-in

Page 32: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Standards lifecycle

Page 33: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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What will be (?)

Page 34: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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“Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future”

Niels Bohr

Page 35: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Where is the web going?● In all directions !

● Two hot areas (among many hot areas):– Mobile web– Web 2.0

Page 36: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Mobile Web ? !

Page 37: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Mobile Web

● Already here● Not yet in full glory● Significant use in Japan and Korea● Trend:

from PCto mobile devices

Page 38: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Mobile Web – critical factors

● Reusable content● Across PC and mobile● Across different mobile devices

● Spectrum of approaches● Completely generic content● Adaptable content● Device-dependent content

mobileOK!

Page 39: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Web 2.0 – the follow-up ;-)

Page 40: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Web 2.0

Web 2.0

2000

The Web [ ” Web 1.0 ”]

Crash

Page 41: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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“The web”, starring ...

● Hot sites● Google, Flickr, del.icio.us,

YouTube, ...

● Hot business/stock market --upstarts, acquisitions● Google, Amazon, eBay, ...

● Hot profitsadvertising revenue model

Page 42: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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The little people make an impact

● Users as producers● Providing content● Part of the media scene● ...

l

Page 43: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Cool web services

● Enabling use/re-use other's contents● Re-format ● Mash-up● ...

● Offers resources and functionality● Storage● Communication● Syndication...

Page 44: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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And your office on the web

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What does all this mean?● Web used to be:

– Content/services is produced/provided on commercial basis– End-users are consumers– The “Gutenberg paradigm”

● Web is moving towards:– The participatory web– Space for social interaction– What you do can make a difference– The “Socratic paradigm”

Page 46: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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What will be?● What will the web be?

– What we now call the web● What will be the web?

– What will be called the web

Page 47: The World Wide Web - SICSw3c.sics.se/resources/office/talks/20061123/061123-dfs_0_4.pdf · The World Wide Web From Yesterday to Tomorrow Olle Olsson (olleo@sics.se, olleo@w3.org )

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Changes in different dimensions● Technology

– Basic building blocks in place● Stakeholders

– Business, public sector, citizens, ...● Perception of the web

– Why does the web matter?● Business models

– Where does value arise? How make a profit?● Where can the web make a difference?

– Everywhere (?)

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Levels of web technology● The infrastructure

– Basic plumbing: Web Services, query engines, ...● Application-specific processing

– Business systems, ...● The user interaction

– Device interaction models and techniques, ...

Evolution on all levels!– But different drivers.

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Thanks!