Compiling and Processing The Yale–Classical Archives Corpus ycac.yale.edu Christopher Wm. White University of North Carolina–Greensboro Ian Quinn Yale University 505 8,980 3,818,712 12,415,229 composers pieces/movements quarter notes of music chords What’s in it? Pitch-class and time data from MIDI files contributed by users of classicalarchives.com METADATA (per piece) Title Composer Catalogue No Date Instrumentation Genre Nationality Key Modulations MIDI filename DATA (per slice) Offset Chord Normal Form PC Normal Order Global Scale Degrees Highest Pitch Lowest Pitch MIDI Filename Composer Local Tonic Local Mode Local Scale Degrees Confidence A windowed key-profile analysis was performed with music21 using the Krumhansl-Schmuckler (KS) key-finding algorithm and the Bellman-Budge key pro- files (see Krumhansl 1990, Bellman 2005, and Cuthbert and Ariza 2011). Windows were 8 slices in length. Thus each slice was analyed in 8 windows. If a slice was analyzed in two different keys in two different windows and the maximal KS confidence values for the two keys was 0.1 or less, no local key was recorded. Otherwise the key producing maximal KS confidence was recorded as the Local Key for the slice. “Salami slicing” is our term for a cheap way of dealing with polyphonic data. A new slice is drawn whenever a note enters or leaves the texture. Music21 calls this “chordifying.” TIME PERIODS KEY FINDING WHAT’S A “SLICE”? TOP COMPOSERS TOP GENRES TOP SLICES (BY SCALE DEGREE CONTENT) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 - 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000 1600-1649 1650-1699 1700-1749 1750-1799 1800-1849 1850-1899 1900-1949 pieces slices 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 - 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 Sonata Other Solo Etude Symphony Opera Prelude Concerto Secular Song Character Piece String Quartet Duet Chamber Son Dance Mvt. Solo Suite Prelude/Fugue Chorale Cto. Grosso Orch. Suite Accomp. Sonata Texted Sacred Fantasy Mass Trio pieces slices International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition — Seoul, Korea — August 2014 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 - 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 Bach Beethoven Brahms Byrd Chopin Debussy Handel Haydn Liszt Mendelssohn Mozart Saint-Saens Scarlatti Schubert Schumann Tchaikovsky Telemann Vivaldi Wagner pieces slices SD n Log(f) SD n Log(f) SD n Log(f) I 374631 -1.05 Re Sol 64643 -1.81 vi 29171 -2.16 Sol 242347 -1.24 Ti 58621 -1.85 La Do 27243 -2.19 Do 174454 -1.38 Re Fa 55378 -1.88 Le 26148 -2.20 V7 156050 -1.43 Do Me 50368 -1.92 viio7 23645 -2.25 i 149263 -1.45 Fa Sol Ti 44435 -1.97 iv 23533 -2.25 V 146436 -1.46 IV 44273 -1.98 Do Fa 23448 -2.25 Do Mi 136987 -1.48 La 43199 -1.99 iii 22552 -2.27 Do Sol 109906 -1.58 Fa Sol 42267 -2.00 vi7 21067 -2.30 Mi Sol 94982 -1.64 Me Sol 41544 -2.00 bVI 19946 -2.32 Re 85732 -1.69 Me 40180 -2.02 Do Re 19853 -2.32 Mi 78252 -1.73 Ti Re 38253 -2.04 Fi 19618 -2.33 Sol Ti 73901 -1.75 vii 34391 -2.09 Do Re Sol 19307 -2.34 Fa 73578 -1.75 ii 29614 -2.15 Do Re Mi Sol 18288 -2.36 Re Fa Sol 68660 -1.78 Fa La 29276 -2.15 Do Re Fa 17980 -2.37

The Yale–Classical Archives Corpus · The Yale–Classical Archives Corpus ycac.yale.edu Christopher Wm. White University of North Carolina–Greensboro Ian Quinn Yale University

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Compiling and ProcessingThe Yale–Classical

Archives Corpusycac.yale.edu

Christopher Wm. WhiteUniversity of North Carolina–Greensboro

Ian QuinnYale University

5058,980

3,818,71212,415,229

composerspieces/movementsquarter notes of musicchords

What’s in it?Pitch-class and time data fromMIDI files contributed by users

of classicalarchives.com

METADATA(per piece)

TitleComposer

Catalogue NoDate

InstrumentationGenre

NationalityKey

ModulationsMIDI filename

DATA(per slice)

OffsetChord

Normal FormPC Normal Order

Global Scale DegreesHighest PitchLowest Pitch

MIDI FilenameComposerLocal TonicLocal Mode

Local Scale DegreesConfidence

A windowed key-profile analysis was performed with music21 using the Krumhansl-Schmuckler (KS) key-finding algorithm and the Bellman-Budge key pro-files (see Krumhansl 1990, Bellman 2005, and Cuthbert and Ariza 2011).

Windows were 8 slices in length. Thus each slice was analyed in 8 windows.

If a slice was analyzed in two different keys in two dif-ferent windows and the maximal KS confidence values for the two keys was 0.1 or less, no local key was re-corded. Otherwise the key producing maximal KS confi-dence was recorded as the Local Key for the slice.

“Salami slicing” is our term for a cheap way of dealing with polyphonic data. A new slice is drawn whenever a note enters or leaves the texture. Music21 calls this “chordifying.”

TIME PERIODS

KEY FINDING

WHAT’S A “SLICE”?

TOP COMPOSERS

TOP GENRES

TOP SLICES (BY SCALE DEGREE CONTENT)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

1600-1649 1650-1699 1700-1749 1750-1799 1800-1849 1850-1899 1900-1949

pieces

slices

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

Sona

ta

Othe

r Solo

Etude

Symp

hony

Opera

Prelu

de

Conc

erto

Secu

lar So

ng

Chara

cter P

iece

Strin

g Qua

rtet

Duet

Cham

ber S

on

Danc

e Mvt.

Solo

Suite

Prelu

de/Fu

gue

Chora

le

Cto.

Gros

so

Orch

. Suit

e

Acco

mp. S

onata

Texte

d Sac

red

Fanta

sy

Mas

s Tri

o

pieces

slices

International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition — Seoul, Korea — August 2014

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

Bach

Beeth

oven

Brah

ms

Byrd

Chop

in

Debu

ssy

Hand

el

Hayd

n Lis

zt

Men

delss

ohn

Moz

art

Saint

-Sae

ns

Scarl

atti

Schu

bert

Schu

mann

Tcha

ikovs

ky

Telem

ann

Vivald

i

Wag

ner

pieces

slices

SD n Log(f) SD n Log(f) SD n Log(f)I 374631 -1.05 Re Sol 64643 -1.81 vi 29171 -2.16

Sol 242347 -1.24 Ti 58621 -1.85 La Do 27243 -2.19Do 174454 -1.38 Re Fa 55378 -1.88 Le 26148 -2.20V7 156050 -1.43 Do Me 50368 -1.92 viio7 23645 -2.25i 149263 -1.45 Fa Sol Ti 44435 -1.97 iv 23533 -2.25V 146436 -1.46 IV 44273 -1.98 Do Fa 23448 -2.25

Do Mi 136987 -1.48 La 43199 -1.99 iii 22552 -2.27Do Sol 109906 -1.58 Fa Sol 42267 -2.00 vi7 21067 -2.30Mi Sol 94982 -1.64 Me Sol 41544 -2.00 bVI 19946 -2.32

Re 85732 -1.69 Me 40180 -2.02 Do Re 19853 -2.32Mi 78252 -1.73 Ti Re 38253 -2.04 Fi 19618 -2.33

Sol Ti 73901 -1.75 vii 34391 -2.09 Do Re Sol 19307 -2.34Fa 73578 -1.75 ii 29614 -2.15 Do Re Mi Sol 18288 -2.36

Re Fa Sol 68660 -1.78 Fa La 29276 -2.15 Do Re Fa 17980 -2.37