The Zero ConditionalWe can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

If + present simple, .... Present simple.This conditional is used when the result will always happen.

The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.

Here are some more examples:

If people eat too much, they get fat. If you touch a fire, you get burned. People die if they don't eat . You get water if you mix hydrogen and

oxygen. Snakes bite if they are scared If babies are hungry, they cry

The First Conditional

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

If it rains , I won't go to the park. If I study today, I 'll go to the party tonight. If I have enough money, I 'll buy some new shoes. She 'll be late if the train is delayed. She 'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon. If I see her, I 'll tell her.

First vs. Zero ConditionalThe first describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditionaldescribes what happens in general . 

For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting) 

But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will happen today, another day might be different)

The Second Conditional

The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:

if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'we'. It's strange, but correct!)

It has two uses.

First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)

If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello. She would travel all over the world if she were rich. She would pass the exam if she ever studied .(She never

studies, so this won't happen)

Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. 

If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).

If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

First vs. Second ConditionalThe first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the future, whereas the second conditional talks about things that I don't think will really happen. It's subjective; it depends on my point of view. 

For example (first conditional): If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam (I think it's possible she will study harder and so she'll pass) 

But (second conditional): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I think that she won't study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass)

How is this different from the first conditional?This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because this is a lot more unlikely. 

For example (second conditional): If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real) 

But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's much more likely that'll have enough money to buy some shoes)

The Third Conditional

We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:

if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.

If she had studied , she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)

If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).

If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier She would have become a teacher if she had gone to

university He would have been on time for the interview if he had

left the house at nine

Choose the past perfect, or the past simple:

1. We had already eaten when John ________________________________ (come) home.

2. Last year Juan ________________________________ (pass) all his exams.

3. When I ________________________________ (get) to the airport I discovered I had forgotten my passport.

4. I went to the library, then I ________________________________ (buy) some milk and went home.

5. I opened my handbag to find that I ________________________________ (forgot) my credit card.

6. When we ________________________________ (arrive) at the station, the train had already left.

7. We got home to find that someone ________________________________ (break) into the house.

8. I opened the fridge to find someone ________________________________ (eat) all my chocolate.

9. I had known my husband for three years when we ________________________________ (get) married.

10. Julie was very pleased to see that John ________________________________ (clean) the kitchen

11. It ________________________________ (not / rain) all summer, so the grass was completely dead.

12. When he ________________________________ (arrive) at the party, Julie had just left.

13. After arriving home, I realised I ________________________________ (not / buy) any milk.

14. The laundry was wet – it ________________________________ (rain) while I was out.

15. William felt ill last night because he ________________________________ (eat) too many cakes.

16. Keiko ________________________________ (meet) William last September.

17. First I tidied the flat, then I ________________________________ (sit) down and had a cup of coffee.

18. John ________________________________ (play) the piano when he was a child, but he doesn’t play now.

19. When I opened the curtains the sun was shining but the ground was white. It ________________________________ (snow) during the night.

20. When Julie got home from her holiday, her flat was a mess. John_____________________________ (have) a party.

Choose the present simple or the present continuous. Watch out for stative verbs.

1. Julie ____________ (read) in the garden.

2. What ____________ (we / have) for dinner tonight?

3. She ____________ (have) two daughters.

4. I ____________ (stay) in Spain for two weeks this summer.

5. He often ____________ (come) over for dinner.

6. The class ____________ (begin) at nine every day.

7. What ____________ (you / eat) at the moment?

8. What ____________ (Susie / do) tomorrow?

9. I ____________ (not / work) on Sundays.

10. She ____________ (not / study) now, she ____________ (watch) TV.

11. How often ____________ (you / go) to restaurants?

12. I ____________ (not / go) on holiday this summer.

13. I'm sorry, I ____________ (not / understand).

14. She ____________ (work) as a waitress for a month.

15. She ____________ (take) a salsa dancing class every Tuesday.

16. It ____________ (be) cold here in winter.

17. Take your umbrella, it ____________ (rain).

18. This cake ____________ (taste) delicious.

19. The bag ____________ (belong) to Jack.

20. When ____________ (you / arrive) tonight?

Make the present perfect - choose positive, negative or question:

1. (I / go / to the library today)

_______________________________________________________________

2. (you / keep a pet for three years)

_______________________________________________________________

3. (you / come here before?)

_______________________________________________________________

4. (it / rain all day?)

_______________________________________________________________

5. (who / we / forgot to invite?)

_______________________________________________________________

6. (we / not / hear that song already)

_______________________________________________________________

7. (he / not / forget his books)

_______________________________________________________________

8. (she / steal all the chocolate!)

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9. (I / explain it well?)

_______________________________________________________________

10. (who / he / meet recently?)

_______________________________________________________________

11. (how / we / finish already?)

_______________________________________________________________

12. (he / study Latin)

_______________________________________________________________

13. (I / know him for three months)

_______________________________________________________________

14. (where / you / study Arabic?)

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15. (what countries / they / visit in Europe?)

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16. (he / hurt his leg)

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17. (she / leave her phone in a taxi)

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18. (we / not / lose our tickets)

_______________________________________________________________

19. (she / call her mother?)

_______________________________________________________________

20. (he / take a taxi?)

_______________________________________________________________

Make the past simple (use positive / negative or question):

1. (I / be / at the cinema last night.)

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2. (the children / be / naughty?)

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3. (we / be / in a cafe when you called.)

__________________________________________________________________

4. (I / be / late?)

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5. (she / be / a teacher when she was young.)

__________________________________________________________________

6. (where / we / be?)

__________________________________________________________________

7. (you / be / okay?)

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8. (we / be / too tired?)

__________________________________________________________________

9. (how / the party / be?)

__________________________________________________________________

10. (they / be / late for the interview.)

__________________________________________________________________

11. (you / be / in the garden.)

__________________________________________________________________

12. (what / his name / be?)

__________________________________________________________________

13. (it / not / be / cold.)

__________________________________________________________________

14. (she / be / beautiful?)

__________________________________________________________________

15. (she / not / be my wife at the time.)

__________________________________________________________________

16. (he / be / hungry.)

__________________________________________________________________

17. (why / you / be / late?)

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18. (you / not / be / early.)

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19. (they not / be / in love.)

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Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type II) by putting the verbs into the correct form.

If we (have)   a yacht, we (sail)   the seven seas.

1. If he (have)   more time, he (learn)   karate.

2. If they (tell)   their father, he (be)   very angry.

3. She (spend)   a year in the USA if it (be)   easier to get a green card.

4. If I (live)   on a lonely island, I (run)   around naked all day.

5. We (help)   you if we (know)   how.

6. My brother (buy)   a sports car if he (have)   the money.

7. If I (feel)   better, I (go)   to the cinema with you.

8. If you (go)   by bike more often, you (be / not)   so flabby.

9. She (not / talk)   to you if she (be)   mad at you.

had w ould sail

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

If you (go)   out with your friends tonight, I (watch)   the football match on TV.

I (earn)   a lot of money if I (get)   that job.

If she (hurry / not)  , we (miss)   the bus.

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

If he (try)   harder, he (reach)   his goals.

I (buy)   these shoes if they (fit)  .

It (surprise / not)   me if he (know / not)   the answer.

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

If we (listen)   to the radio, we (hear)   the news.

If you (switch)   on the lights, you (fall / not)   over the chair.

She (come)   to our party if she (be / not)   on holiday.

Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).

If I   stronger, I'd help you carry the piano. (be)

If we'd seen you, we  .(stop)

If we   him tomorrow, we'll say hello.(meet)

He would have repaired the car himself if he   the tools.(have)

If you drop the vase, it  .(break)

If I hadn't studied, I   the exam.(pass)

I wouldn't go to school by bus if I   a driving licence.(have)

If she   him every day, she'd be lovesick.(not see)

I   to London if I don't get a cheap flight.(not travel)

We'd be stupid if we   him about our secret.(tell)