TheLevelsofCommunication (1)

7/25/2019 TheLevelsofCommunication (1)

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The Levels of

Communication

Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking,byGeorge L. Grice and John F. Skinner


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To Communicate . . .

The Latin verb communicaremeans to

make common to many, share, impart,

divide.


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Simply stated . . .

hen yo! comm!nicate yo! share, ormake common, yo!r kno"#edge and

ideas "ith someone e#se.

$omm!nication, then, is the sharing ofmeaning by

sending

and receivingsymbo#ic c!es.


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Charles Ogen & I. A. Richards

Triangle of Meaning The interpreter

% The person "ho is comm!nicating, "ith "ords

or symbo#s

The symol

%Anything to "hich peop#e attach or assign a

meaning

The referent% The ob&ect or idea for "hich the symbo# stands


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Interpreter

'Speaker or Listener(

Symol Referent

The Triangle of !eaning


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"ive Levels of #ulic Spea$ing%


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)( intrapersona#


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Intrapersonal Communication

The type of comm!nication a personhas "ith himse#f, th!s the prefi* intra+

"hich means "ithin.

As soon as a h!man being a"akens, he

begins an interna# tho!ght process anddia#og!e, a#most a#"ays si#ent, b!tsometimes a#o!d.


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( interpersona#


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Interpersonal Communication

-nterpersona# comm!nication takes

p#ace bet"een t"o peop#e.

This type of comm!nication varies

depending on the re#ationship bet"een

the t"o individ!a#s.


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( gro!p


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roup Communication

Gro!p comm!nication occ!rs "hen

three or more individ!a#s, "ho have a

common goa#, interact either forma##y orinforma##y.


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/( p!b#ic


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#ulic Communication

0!b#ic comm!nication takes p#ace "hen

one or more individ!a#s comm!nicate

"ith a #arge gro!p in a more one+directiona#approach.


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1( mass comm!nication


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!ass Communication

2ass comm!nication occ!rs "hen

e*treme#y #arge gro!ps receive

information, #ike a te#evision a!dience"atching a ne"s broadcast, as "e## as

the intermittent commercia# advertising.


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)( intrapersona#

( interpersona#( gro!p

/( p!b#ic1( mass comm!nication


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Linear !odel of Communication


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'ncodingthe process of p!tting ideas

into symbo#s to carry a message.

TheSpeaker

The Speech

Te*t


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!essageideas comm!nicated

verba##y and nonverba##y.

TheSpeaker

The 2essage

A speaker sends a message to a #istener.


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Listenerthe receiver or decoder of

the message

TheSpeaker

The 2essage



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(ecodingthe process of attaching

meanings to symbo#s received.

TheSpeaker

The 2essage


3ecoding


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The spea$erthe sender, the encoder, orso!rce of the message.

'ncodingthe process of p!tting ideas intosymbo#s to carry a message.

!essageideas comm!nicated verba##y andnonverba##y.

Listenerthe receiver or decoder of themessage

(ecodingthe process of attaching meaningsto symbo#s received.


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TheSpeaker

The 2essage


TheListener


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#rolems )ith Linear !odel

of Communication 4)The ass!mption that a person is

either the sender or a receiver of

messages.Act!a##y, "e perform both of these ro#es

sim!#taneo!s#y.


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#rolems )ith Linear !odel

of Communication 4The s!ggestion that

comm!nication invo#ves on#y one

message.Act!a##y, there are as many messages

as there are comm!nicators invo#ved,

and the message the sender intends isnever identica# to the one received.


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Interactive !odel of Communication

hen scho#ars began to see the

#imitations of the #inear mode# of

comm!nication, they added othercomponents to the speaker, message,

and #istener making a tota# of 5

components6 channe#, feedback, environment, and

noise


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Channelthe medi!m, or the "ay the

message is sent.


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"eedac$inc#!des a## messages,

verba# and nonverba#, sent by #isteners

to speakers.


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'nvironmentthe physica# setting and

the occasion for comm!nication.


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*oiseanything that distracts from

effective comm!nication7 some form of

noise is a#"ays present.


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Channelthe medi!m, or the "ay themessage is sent.

"eedac$

inc#!des a## messages, verba#and nonverba#, sent by #isteners to speakers. 'nvironmentthe physica# setting and the

occasion for comm!nication.

*oiseanything that distracts from effectivecomm!nication7 some form of noise is a#"ayspresent.


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*oise

#hysical noisedistractions

originating in the comm!nication

environment.


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*oise

#hysiological noisedistractions

originating in the bodies of

comm!nicatorsco#d, headache,h!nger, fatig!e.


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*oise

#sychological noisedistractions

originating in the tho!ghts of

comm!nicatorsan*iety, daydreaming,"orry.


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*oise

#hysical noisedistractions originating in

the comm!nication environment.

#hysiological noisedistractions originatingin the bodies of comm!nicatorsco#d,

headache, h!nger, fatig!e.

#sychological noisedistractions

originating in the tho!ghts of comm!nicatorsan*iety, daydreaming, "orry.


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S#'A+'R LIST'*'R2essage

Feedback

8oise

C,A**'L

8oise

8oise

9ncoder

9ncoder3ecoder

3ecoder

'nv

iro

nmen

t 'nvironment

Interactive !odel of

CommunicationC,A**'L


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The Levels of

Communication

Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking,

byGeorge L. Grice and John F. Skinner

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TheLevelsofCommunication (1)