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Erwin R. Schmidt Institut für Molekulargenetik Vorlesung #7 10. 06. 2014 Thema Gentechnologie

Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

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Page 1: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Erwin R. Schmidt Institut für Molekulargenetik

Vorlesung #7 10. 06. 2014

Thema Gentechnologie

Page 2: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 3: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 4: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Impfen mit Obst

In the US at Cornell University, GM tomatoes are being developed as a vaccine against the Norwalk virus which causes severe diarrhoea. The tomatoes produce a protein identical to one that normally sits on the outside of the virus. Mice who ate them developed an immune response to the virus. Another study showed raw GM potatotes triggered a similar immune response in human volunteers. The team are also working on transgenic bananas. However, bananas are much harder to engineer and have not yet been show to accumulate antigens in the fruit.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/genes/gene_safari/pharm/edible.shtml

Page 5: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Vorteile transgener Pflanzen aus Umweltschutzperspektive

Art der Genveränderung Gewinn

Herbizidtoleranz Weniger Herbizid (weniger

schädlich)?

Insektenresistenz Weniger oder keine Insektizide

Pilzresistenz (z.B. Mehltau) Weniger oder keine Fungizide

Virusresistenz weniger Insektizide, Fungizide etc

Nematodenresistenz Weniger Nematizide (z.B.

Organophoshate)

Trockenheitstoleranz Weniger Bewässerung, neue

Anbauflächen

Salztoleranz Neue Anbauflächen; mehr freie

Flächen für Naturschutz?

Citratüberproduktion u.a. Entgiftung von verseuchten Böden

Ozontoleranz

(Superoxiddismutase)

Verbesserung des Stadtklimas;

Page 6: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 7: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 8: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 9: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 10: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 11: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 12: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Freisetzungen Deutschland/Pflanzen/Jahre

Page 13: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Freisetzungen in den USA http://www.isb.vt.edu/

Page 14: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 15: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Kulturpflanzen Herbizid-

Resistenz

männlic

he

Sterilität

Insekten-

Resisten

z

Metabolismus-

Veränderunge

n

Antragsländer

GVO Total 32 6 11 6 EU

Raps 9 9 4 0 0 FR, GB, BE, DE, NL

Mais 15 13 0 11 0 FR, GB, NL, ES, DE

Chicorée 2 2 2 0 0 NL

Zucker-, Futterrübe 2 2 0 0 0 DK, DE

Reis 1 1 0 0 0 GB

Tabak 1 1 0 0 0 FR

Sojabohne 1 1 0 0 0 GB

Kartoffel 2 0 0 0 2 NL, SE

Tomate 1 0 0 0 1 ES

Baumwolle 5 4 0 2 0 ES, NL

Nelke 3 3 0 0 3 NL

GVO gesamt: 42 (teils mehrere Eigenschaften in einem GVO) EU

Inverkehrbringen (kommerziell zugelassene Pflanzen) Stand April 2004

Page 16: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Freisetzungen in den USA

Page 17: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Freisetzungen in USA nach Spezies

Page 18: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Freisetzungen in USA nach Eigenschaften

Page 19: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Freisetzungen in USA nach Herstellerfirmen

Page 20: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/46/pptslides/Brief46slides.swf

Page 21: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 22: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 23: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 24: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 25: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 26: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 27: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 28: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Anteil transgener Sorten

Page 29: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

Grüne Gentechnik Bayer startet in Gatersleben 07.06.2012 - Im Biotech-Park Gatersleben eröffnet die Bayer-Sparte Cropscience ein neues Weizenzucht-Zentrum. Transkript

Page 30: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 31: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 32: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 33: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 34: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 35: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 36: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 37: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 38: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 39: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic
Page 40: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic

…… no significant differences were observed in bacterial antibiotic

resistancelevels between transgenic and nontransgenic corn

fields, although the bacterial populations were

different.

Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic plant fields

Sandrine Demane` che*†, Herve´ Sanguin*‡, John Pote´ §, Elisabeth Navarro*†¶, Dominique Bernillon*, Patrick Mavingui*, Walter Wildi§, Timothy M. Vogel*†, and Pascal

Simonet*†

PNAS, March 2008, 105, 3957-3962

Page 41: Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the bacterial populations were different. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic