ByRITA PRUSTYIBCSCompetitive pressuresInvestments in organisational capabilitiesCreation of sustainable competitive advantage1. Environmental Theory2. Cyclical Theory3. Conflictual Theory` Change in retail is attributed to the change in the environment in which the retailer operate.` The various influences of the external environment are:1. Technological2. Economical3. Demographic4. Legal & Political5. Socio- CulturalWhere change follows a pattern and phases can have definite identifiable attributes associated with them.Innovative Retailer-Low status and PriceMinimum servicePoor facilitiesLimited product offeringTraditional Retailer-Elaborate facilitiesHigher rentMore locationsHigher pricesExtended product offeringsMature Retailer-Top heavyConservativeDeclining ROIEntry PhaseTrading Up PhaseVulnerability PhaseThe developments in retailing are as follows-1. Thesis- Individual retailers as corner shops all across the country2. Antithesis- A position opposed to the thesis develops over a period of time3. Synthesis- A blending of the thesis and antithesis1. Innovation -10 yrs (African markets)2. Accelerated Growth -15-25 yrs (Indian Markets)3. Maturity- 5-10 yrs (South Asian markets)4. Stagnation 5-10 yrs (Developed markets)