Theories of GenderTechnological MasterySocio-Economic PowerTEAM IMPULSE

Who is Team Impulse Kunj Bhatt Joanna Garcia Kelly Kermode Marques Dickson Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

Takeover TheoryKunj Bhatt

“This pattern of women’s inventing a technology and developing it to a satisfactory level for the family-or even village-scale economy, only to lose out in that activity as it becomes commercialized and professionalized […]” (29).

Kunj Bhatt

Reasons for Takeover throughout History

Religion Division of

Labor/Production The Little Red Hen

Kunj Bhatt

Takeover and Agriculture (Recap)

“Birth ExplosionChange from

female-centered to male-centered religion

The professionalization of the cultivative role” (29).

Kunj Bhatt

What is the Matriarchy Perplex?

The Matriarchy Perplex raises the question of whether women were ever “in charge” of their own work, if not an entire society.

Three events shift egalitarian relations to male advantage

Projectile Hunting Men learned the male role

in human procreation Surplus

Joanna Garcia

Peggy Sanday’s Theory Women’s power and status relations are best

when the economic contribution of both is approximately equal or contributions are felt to be equal even if they are not.

Joanna Garcia

Inventive Capacity, Motive, and Achievement

Inventive ability is probably independent of biological gender.

If inventive ability correlates with any other human trait it is not gender but artistic talent and set-breaking thinking.

Three things not equal for the two sexes that may inhibit inventive capacity

Assuming that women invent wherever they work some early inventions by women may include food preserving, food processing, weaving, knives, scrapers…etc.

Joanna Garcia

Karl Marx: Class Conflict Theory

Bourgeoisie Proletariat

Own the means of production factory business land natural resources

Working class selling labor In need of resources

which creates conflict with bourgeoisie.

Classes divided between

Kelly Kermode

Feminist and Class Conflict Theory

The root of Class Conflict: control over the

resources The root of Feminist

Theory patriarchal system that

holds control over women by devaluing them in society

Rosemary Tong Rosemary Tong describes feminism describes feminism like this: “Feminist like this: “Feminist Theory is not one, but Theory is not one, but many theories or many theories or perspectives and each perspectives and each theory attempts to theory attempts to describe Women's describe Women's oppression, and to oppression, and to prescribe strategies for prescribe strategies for Women's liberation.”Women's liberation.”

Kelly Kermode

Marxist theories Conflict based on social classsocial class, created

by the tension between the proletariatproletariat and the bourgeoisiebourgeoisie

Replace the words Social class with patriarchal system Bourgeoisie with men proletariat with women

Kelly Kermode

Gender Socialization

Marques Dickson

Gender SocializationBinarisim is a western belief

Two socially constructed genders. Male or Female

Kate Bornstein, says biological sex “classifies a person through

body type hormones genitals Gender Identity

refers to the sense of being either male or female.

Consider the following questions: Do you feel like a woman/man? How did you know what a woman/man would feel

like?

Marques Dickson

Given what we know how would we attribute a gender to “Jack” Halberstam?

Marques Dickson

Gender expectations and education There are more

women teachers in K-8th

Women primarily teach dance, music, art and home economics

Women are usually the counselors, secretaries, “lunch-ladies”

More male teachers in the areas of higher education

Men teach PE, science, biology and Mathematics

Men in schools are usually the administrators

Marques Dickson

Is there a Double Standard ?

Men are socialized to be “tough guys”

Men with feminine qualities are repudiated

Men are judged on what they do.

Marques Dickson

Women on the other hand are expected by some to be seen and not heard

Women with feminine qualities

Women are judged on the way look and dress

Gender Expression: “Refers to the manifestation of an individuals fundamental sense of being masculine or feminine through clothing, behavior, grooming, etc.”(Bronstein)

Freedoms that Women Lack

explore the physical environment

engage in rough-and-tumble play

Free time to play in general

Marques Dickson

Freedoms that Women Lack cont. Our sex-role stereotypes seek to

confine creativity [for women] to: Art music, dance, writing, cooking ‘real’ invention and technology have

to do with weapons machines chemical compounds.

Marques Dickson

Why are women not thought of as inventors? Original U.S. patent law passed in 1790 Many women were reluctant to seek

patents Some items were never patented, instead

advertised Women inventions were legal property of

the husbands Confined to “women’s world” First U.S. Woman Patent- Mary Dixon Kies

1809

Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

When you think of typical women inventions you think… Disposable Diaper - Marion

Donovan Pouch-like infant carrier- Ann

Moore Brassiere- Mary Phelps Jacob Barbie Doll- Ruth Handler Cooking Stove- Elizabeth

Hawk Dishwasher- Josephine

Cochran Washing Machine- Margaret

Colvin Suspenders- Laura Cooney Zigzag Sewing Machine-

Helen Blanchard

Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

You normally would not consider a woman inventing… Fire escape- Anna Connelly Car Heater- Margaret Wilcox Dam and reservoir

construction- Harriet Strong Circular Saw- Tabitha Babbit Kevlar- Stephanie Kwoelk Glucose detection for

diabetes- Helen Free Process for isolating human

stem cells- Ann Tsukamoto, et al

Antifungal antibiotic (nystatin)- Rachel Fuller Brown & Elizabeth Lee Hazen

Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

Highlighting Rosalind Franklin July 1920-April 1958 Spent two years at

King’s College- DNA research

The Double Helix X-ray diffraction

photographs Wilkins, Crick &

Watson 1962 Nobel Prize for

Medicine or Physiology  

Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

Bibliography Bornstein, Kate. Gender Outlaw: on Men,

Women, and the Rest of Us. New York: Routledge, 1994. Print.

Leon-Guerrero, A. (2008). Sociology and the Study of Social Problems. Social Problems: Community, Policy, and Social Action (2nd ed., p. 15). Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press.

Schmaltzalleger, F. J. (2010). Criminology: A Brief Introduction (MyCrimeKit Series) (1 ed.). Alexandria, VA: Prentice Hall.

Wilchins, Riki Anne. Queer Theory, Gender Theory: an Instant Primer. Los Angeles, [Calif.: Alyson, 2004. Print.

POP QUIZ1. What is the difference between gender and sex? 2. What are the two events that shifted egalitarian

relations toward a male advantage? 3. What did Mary Dixon Kies receive her U.S. patent

for?4. What kind of work allowed men to “focus on and

deal with new problems”?5. Which social class in Marxist theory owns the

means of production? Who is the working class?