Theory_ Mixed Graphs

8/8/2019 Theory_ Mixed Graphs

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Nguyen Thuy Mi_07.1.e3_k41

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MIXED GRAPHS

I, Introduction

1, Definition of mixed graphs

Mixed graphs are the combination of two or more charts/ graphs/ table.

2, Type of mixed graphs

Name Visual aids and features

1. Mixed 2

graphs

The given line graph illustrates information on the number of overseas visitors

traveling to Australia in millions of people while the second table gives

statistics showing the countries whose residents went to Australia between 1975

and 2005.

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1, Objectives / Aims of mixed charts:

Mixed charts: combination of two or more charts / graphs/ table

Mixed charts are used to give different kinds of information. (E.g.: pie chart and line chart show

the percentage and also the trend.)

Mixed charts are mainly used in research and data analysis because they show the complicated

relationship of the problems which are studied.

Example:

The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the

graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.

In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product

worldwide. The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume

was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin America. Europe and Asia purchased

20.5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle East

remained fairly small consumers at 7 per cent of the total volume of sales.

Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated. In that year, shares were valued at

approximately $35. Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share.They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98. From then until

2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000.

2, Organization / Structure of mixed charts:

Charts/ graphs/table title

The titles (top of the charts) give an overview of the information displayed in the charts.

Structure of each kind: please look at the previous lessons.

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III. Guideline to mixed graph description

The process of describing an individual chart in a mixed chart is the same as describing a line

chart, a bar chart, a pie chart and so on.

1. Introductory sentence:

You should explain how many and which kinds of charts you are going to describe.

You can use one more sentence to sum up the overall trend the chart.

For example:The bar chart shows CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre for variuos methods of transport in

the European Union while the pie chart shows European Union spending on transport.

2. Body paragraphs:

There are two ways to organize the body:

You separate each chart to describe

For example:

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The given line graph illustrates information on the number of overseas visitors traveling toAustralia in millions of people. Overall, one notable trend seems to be that Australia has steadily

become more popular as a destination spot. For example, there were 20 million more visitors to

Australia in 2005 than in 1975. That's a jump from 10 million to 30 million in 20 years.

The second table gives statistics showing the countries whose residents went to Australia

between 1975 and 2005. In both years, the largest number of visitors came from Japan, followed

by South Korea and Europe. Britain, the United States and China also had many people traveling

to Australia in these years. In fact, the number of people visiting Australia grew in every one of these countries. For example, in 2005, 12 million people went there from Japan compared with

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only 3.2 million in 1975.

You describe charts together.

That means you will discuss the data presented in the task, identify significant trends of each

chart at the same time.

For example:

Grams of CO2 per passenger - Km

European Union spending on transport

à Flying by air produces by far the greatest CO2 emissions, approximately three times as much

as passenger cars which are the next largest producers. Very little is spent by the EU on air

travel while roads make up more than half of the EU transport budget.

3. Concluding sentence:

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You might draw a conclusion to show the relation after analyzing all the charts in the

mixed graph.

For example:

In conclusion, people in the UAE are living longer and healthier lives because of the

government's spending on education and medical facilities.

You also put some significant comments or some potential solutions.

If you do not have enough time, you can omit this part, or you can write, “This ends my

report”.

IV. Useful tips and useful language:

1. Useful tips:

Do not copy any part of the question in your answer. This is not your own work and

therefore will be disregarded by the examiner and deducted from the word count. You

can use individual words but be careful of using long "chunks" of the question text.

Don't repeat yourself or the same ideas. This gives a bad impression and the examiner

realizes that it isn't adding to the content of your report.

If you are weak at English grammar, try to use short sentences. This allows you to control

the grammar and the meaning of your writing much more easily and contributes to a

better cohesion and coherence mark. It's much easier to make things clear in a foreign

language if you keep your sentences short!

Think about the tenses of your verbs. If you're writing about something that happened in

the past, your verbs will need to be in the past tenses. If you're describing the future, you

will need to use the future tenses. If it's a habitual action, you'll need the present simple

tense and so on. If you have time, a quick check of your verbs at the end of the exam can

help you find errors. For describing graphs, you will probably need past tenses whereas,

for describing a process, you will probably need the present simple. Think about the

verbs while practicing and then it will become easier when you do the exam.

Don't be irrelevant. Although you can use your imagination to expand on your answer, if

any part of your report is totally unrelated to the question and put in to just put up the

word count, then the examiner will not take it into account and deduct it from the word

count.

2. Useful language:

a. Some words and phrases to describe trend:

Nouns Adjective and Adverbs Verbsa rise sharp(ly) / dramatic (ally) remain the same

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an increase

a fall

a drop

a decline

a peak/dip

considerable(ly)

steady(ily)

slight(ly) / gentle(ly)

gradual(ly)

relative(ly)

reach a plateau

remain stable

remain/stay constant

reach a peak

hit/fall to the lowest point

b. Comparing data:

To contrast To compare

While/Whilst More…than

Whereas Different from

However Differ(ence)

On the other hand Although

Even so In contrast to

Nevertheless Conversely

Less…than Unlike

Likewise To reflect

Similarly To mirror

As…as Just as

Like Alike

To have in common

In the same way

c. Some useful prepositions:

in [month / year / morning, afternoon etc]

at [9 o’clock, 10.30 am etc]

from..[a point in time]..to… [another point]

between…[a point in time]..and… [another point]

during [a period of time]

before [a point in time or a period of time]

after [a point in time or a period of time]

by [a point of time arrived at]

until [a point of time reached]

since [from a point in the past until now]

Remember also that not all words for describing rise and fall will take a preposition, and

the preposition will depend on whether you are using the word as a verb or a noun. See

the table below for more details:

Verbs that take a

preposition

Verbs that don’t take

a preposition

Nouns that take a

preposition

rise to/by

increase to/by

fall to/by

drop to/byshoot up to/by

reach a rise of

an increase of

a fall of

a decrease of

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Theory_ Mixed Graphs