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Theory of Knowledge
Presentations
Some more details to consider…
Real-Life Situation
Other Real-LifeSituation
Other Real-LifeSituation
Knowledge Issue(recognized)
Knowledge Issue(s)(developed)
extraction
progression
application
Theory of Knowledge: Presentation Structure
Science and predictionPresentation 1
Science and predictionPresentation 1
If you have a theory or a model then you should be able to make a valid prediction….
REAL LIFE SITUATIONThe 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami andthe location ofits epicentre
Presentation 1: Science and Prediction
Tectonic theory explains occurrence
of a sunami. Sunami occurs. Does
that mean that prediction theory is
valid? Could there be another reason
for a sunami besides the movement
of a tectonic plate.
Identify a pattern and then you
can make a prediction without
needing to continuously test.
Tectonic theory suggests that movements in the plates of the earth crust cause earthquakes under the ocean and this causes massive water surges leading a sunami.
The story of the
neutron and the atom.
Scientific theory states
that every atom has a
nucleus. If you fire
radiation at the centre
of the atom then you
can expect to have
radiation rebound off
the nucleus. This
proves that atom has a
neutron.
If nothing comes back
then the theory is
invalid? Or maybe not.
Maybe the conditions of
the experiment were
flawed. Eg problem with
using wrong kind of
radiation or a lack of
precision in the
measuring instrument.
REAL LIFE SITUATIONThe 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami andthe location ofits epicentre
Presentation 1: Science and Prediction
KEY: Extraction
• Can you say that theory is valid if you can use it to make accuarte predictions?
• Theory = “atom has a nucleus”. Fire radiation at an atom. Some of the radiation will be deflected back because of nucleus.
• Is there some other reason the radiation would be returned?
• Do results agree with model?If they do then model might be true. It does not prove it 100% to be true.But I can disprove it? If Nothing comes when I fire radiation at the nucleus then atom has no nucleus.
REAL LIFE SITUATIONThe 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami andthe location ofits epicentre
Presentation 1: Science and Prediction
General nature ofscientific theory
KEY: ExtractionDevelopment
• As long as expeiments agree with theory you keep the theory.
• If the results can’t be explained what do you do. Change the theory or modify experiment.
Sunami tells you that
Tectonic theory works. Is this
true? Is it true because
prediction works the theory
then works also? The
prediction that works validates
the theory.
REAL LIFE SITUATIONThe 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami andthe location ofits epicentre
Presentation 1: Science and Prediction
General nature ofscientific theory
Predictionsgenerated
by standardtectonic theory
Geology: tectonictheory as an
explanation forcontinental drift
Explanatory power,predictions from patterns
Strengths
KEY: ExtractionDevelopment
Application back
Note: out of 10 slides then 6 should be below the line. Of the 4 above 2 for establishing the relevance of the RLS and 2 for the application to other RLS.
REAL LIFE SITUATIONThe 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami andthe location ofits epicentre
Presentation 1: Science and Prediction
General nature ofscientific theory
Predictionsgenerated
by standardtectonic theory
Geology: tectonictheory as an
explanation forcontinental drift
Explanatory power,predictions from patterns
Amenability toexperimentation,historical versus
experimental data
Application of,and responses to,these difficultiesin the context of
the tsunami
Problems of inductionand generalization
Difficulties withmeasurement, specifying
Initial conditions
Confounding variables,complexity of interactions
Observer effects
ProblemsStrengths
KEY: ExtractionDevelopment
Application back
Note: pink boxes Relate to problems encountered during experimentation. It is not possible to have a 100% perfect experiment. Therefore is it possible to justify the theory based on an imperfect experiment?
REAL LIFE SITUATIONThe 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami andthe location ofits epicentre
Biology: evolution bynatural selection:
homology, palaeontology,artificial selection, etc.
Presentation 1: Science and Prediction
General nature ofscientific theory
Predictionsgenerated
by standardtectonic theory
Geology: tectonictheory as an
explanation forcontinental drift
Explanatory power,predictions from patterns
Amenability toexperimentation,historical versus
experimental data
Application of,and responses to,these difficultiesin the context of
the tsunami
Chemistry:Mendeleev and
periodicity
Economics:the Phillips
curve
Chemistry:valence shellelectron pair
repulsion theory
Problems of inductionand generalization
Difficulties withmeasurement, specifying
Initial conditions
Confounding variables,complexity of interactions
Observer effects
ProblemsStrengths
Other real-lifesituations (natural
sciences and human sciences)
KEY: ExtractionDevelopment
Application backApplication onward
REAL LIFE SITUATIONThe 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami andthe location ofits epicentre
Economic migrants raise the level of crime in urban
Areas. Forced expulsion Is necessary. Is this
Prediction valid.
Presentation 1: Science and Prediction
General nature ofscientific theory
Predictionsgenerated
by standardtectonic theory
Geology: tectonictheory as an
explanation forcontinental drift
Explanatory power,predictions from patterns
Amenability toexperimentation,historical versus
experimental data
Application of,and responses to,these difficultiesin the context of
the tsunami
Faith: does aMoving statue
Justify faith? If you don’t see it move
Does faith decline? Economics:the Phillips
Curve. Prediction/ Model fails in 1970’s.
History: can youUse the causes of War to predict Conflict?
Problems of inductionand generalization
Difficulties withmeasurement, specifying
Initial conditions
Confounding variables,complexity of interactions
Observer effects
ProblemsStrengths
Other real-lifeSituations: how valid is
the practice of prediction in other
subject areas?
KEY: ExtractionDevelopment
Application backApplication onward
Real-Life Situation
Other Real-LifeSituation
Other Real-LifeSituation
Knowledge Issue(recognized)
Knowledge Issue(s)(developed)
extraction
progression
application
Theory of Knowledge: Presentation Structure
extraction
progression
application
Theory of Knowledge: Build your own presentation here!
Slides 1+2: explain the RLS. Make
its relevance Understood.
Slide 10:How does
‘prediction’ theory connectwith another RLS?
Slide 9:How does
‘prediction’ theory connectwith another RLS?
Slides 3-4:Derive K.I. from RLS
And Formulate K.Q.
Slides 5-8:Highlight strengths +Weaknesses of your
Response to the K.Q. Try and Consider the implications of
accepting the validity ofprediction and the problems
of ignoring the use ofprediction as highlighted in part ‘a’
Above.
extraction
progression
application
Theory of Knowledge: how to construct the presentation?
40% of presentation above the line60% below the line. (this is a general guide only.)
Above the dotted line:consider the RLS + apply your discovery to other RLS’s
Below the dotted line:
Focus on addresing your K.Q. using ‘b’ and ‘c’ to help you
Key Objective:
make sure you refer to the
issue of knowledge building
+ knowledge construction.
How has shared knowledge
been affected by this
reliance on prediction
theory?
What is relevance of discussion below the
Dotted line for your real life situation?
Theory of Knowledge
Presentations