Therapeutic Diets in the Horse

8/13/2019 Therapeutic Diets in the Horse

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DiarrheaDiarrhea



The Sugar in MilkThe Sugar in Milk

lactose

glucose galactose

lactase is enzyme needed

FoalFoal--6 months6 months

HAYHAYGRAINGRAINTYPE OFTYPE OFPELLETSPELLETS AGE AGE

1 to 1 ½1 to 1 ½GrainGrainstopstop6 months6 months

1 to 1 ½1 to 1 ½

flakeflake

CreepCreepfeed 16feed 16--

18% CP18% CP

stopstop4 months4 months

¼ to 1/2¼ to 1/2flakeflake

nonenoneMilkMilkpelletspellets

2 weeks2 weeksto 2to 2monthsmonths

Human NutritionHuman Nutrition

To calculate calories:To calculate calories:

ideal weight (kg) x 22ideal weight (kg) x 22--44Kcal/kg44Kcal/kg--bodybodyweight.weight.

ideal weight (lbs.) xideal weight (lbs.) x1010--20Kcal/Lb20Kcal/Lb--bodybodyweight.weight.

Equine NutritionEquine Nutrition

The majority of the dietThe majority of the dietis complex,is complex,fermentable,fermentable,carbohydratescarbohydrates

1 Mcal=1000Kcal1 Mcal=1000Kcal

basal req.=30basal req.=30--40Kcal/kg40Kcal/kg

Performance Horse’s Total AmountPerformance Horse’s Total AmountConsumed/day as a percent of theirConsumed/day as a percent of their

body weightbody weight

LayLay--up, idle Horsesup, idle Horses

1 ½% to 2% (151 ½% to 2% (15--20lbs/1,000lbs)20lbs/1,000lbs)

Light Work 9up to 1hr/day)Light Work 9up to 1hr/day)2% to 2 ½% (202% to 2 ½% (20--25lbs/1,000lbs)25lbs/1,000lbs)

Moderate Work (1Moderate Work (1--3hrs/day)3hrs/day)

2 ½% to 3% (25lbs2 ½% to 3% (25lbs--30lbs/1,000lbs)30lbs/1,000lbs)

Intense work (3+ hrs/day)Intense work (3+ hrs/day)

3% to 3 ½% (303% to 3 ½% (30--35lbs/1,000lbs/day)35lbs/1,000lbs/day)

Calculating Mcal and theCalculating Mcal and thedetermination of an adequate diet.determination of an adequate diet.

Find out what kind of hay is fed and how much. AFind out what kind of hay is fed and how much. Apound of hay has about 1 Mcal. A flake of hay is 3pound of hay has about 1 Mcal. A flake of hay is 3--

5 pounds5 pounds Find out what kind of grain is fed and how much.Find out what kind of grain is fed and how much.

Do not be afraid to weigh the grain fed and look atDo not be afraid to weigh the grain fed and look atfeed tag. A pound of grain has about 1.3Mcal.feed tag. A pound of grain has about 1.3Mcal.

pasturepasture

Don’t forget about supplementsDon’t forget about supplements

Water and the salt block with trace minerals.Water and the salt block with trace minerals.



HayHay

One can meet the nutritional requirements of mostOne can meet the nutritional requirements of mosthorses by feeding a goodhorses by feeding a good--quality hay/pasturequality hay/pasturewater and a salt block supplemented with tracewater and a salt block supplemented with traceminerals.minerals.

Modification of McalModification of Mcal

Modifications in CarbohydrateModifications in Carbohydrate

Cushing’s SyndromeCushing’s Syndrome--::

HyperadrenocorticismHyperadrenocorticism

Laminitis a consequenceLaminitis a consequence

obesityobesity

fructansfructans

Not all of these horse need to lose weight butNot all of these horse need to lose weight butavoidance of lush pasturesavoidance of lush pastures

Modifications inModifications inCarbohydrateCarbohydrate

Metabolic SyndromeMetabolic Syndrome

Assoc. with insulin resistance Assoc. with insulin resistance

Want to decrease carbohydratesWant to decrease carbohydratesthat produce a high glycemic indexthat produce a high glycemic index--starch and lush pastures.starch and lush pastures.

Avoid obesity Avoid obesity

Not all of these horses need to loseNot all of these horses need to loseweight.weight.

Modifications in CarbohydrateModifications in Carbohydrate

EPSMEPSM

Low carbohydrate diet.Low carbohydrate diet.

2020--25% Mcal from fat25% Mcal from fat-- can give up to 2 cups of oilcan give up to 2 cups of oil

(4Mcal) per 1000lbs.(4Mcal) per 1000lbs.

Good quality alfalfa hay or alfalfa/grass hay mix.Good quality alfalfa hay or alfalfa/grass hay mix.

Can use low carbohydrate grains, alfalfa pellets,Can use low carbohydrate grains, alfalfa pellets,beet pulp to mix with oil.beet pulp to mix with oil.

Regular exercise regime.Regular exercise regime.

Feeding the Senior Feeding the Senior

Senior feeds are greatSenior feeds are great

Can add fat graduallyCan add fat gradually

to increase Mcalto increase Mcal

Keep a check on teethKeep a check on teeth

Senior mashes.Senior mashes.

Not too much branNot too much bran

Good quality hayGood quality hay



Feeding the Starving HorseFeeding the Starving Horse

Refeeding syndrome:Refeeding syndrome:

--electrolyte imbalanceselectrolyte imbalances--hypophosphatemia,hypophosphatemia,hypokalemia, andhypokalemia, andhypomagnesemiahypomagnesemia

--fluid overloadfluid overload--refeedingrefeedingedemaedema

Start with low CHOStart with low CHO

alfalfa q 4 or grass hayalfalfa q 4 or grass hayq 1.q 1.

¼ of basal needs¼ of basal needs

Increase slowly, followIncrease slowly, followblood workblood work

Check for parasites,Check for parasites,teeth, foot problemsteeth, foot problems

Other Dietary Manipulations?Other Dietary Manipulations?

HYPPHYPP-- Low potassium.Low potassium.

No alfalfa. No molasses. No bananas!No alfalfa. No molasses. No bananas! EMND/EDMEMND/EDM-- Vitamin EVitamin E

HypertryglyceridemiaHypertryglyceridemia-- ponies, but have seen inponies, but have seen instarving animalsstarving animals-- must feed but low fat!must feed but low fat!

Liver DiseaseLiver Disease-- low proteinlow protein

Kidney DiseaseKidney Disease--counsel client on horse thatcounsel client on horse thatcannot concentrate urine.cannot concentrate urine.

Functional feeding problemsFunctional feeding problems

Post ChokePost Choke

Post large colonPost large colonresectionresection

Right Dorsal colitisRight Dorsal colitis

Tube FeedingTube Feeding

When animal will/cannot ingest adequateWhen animal will/cannot ingest adequatenutrition.nutrition.

botulismbotulism

hypertryglyceridemiahypertryglyceridemia

foalsfoals

Parenteral NutritionParenteral Nutrition

The gut does not work!The gut does not work!

FoalsFoals

Anterior Enteritis Anterior EnteritisPost Colic SurgeryPost Colic Surgery

Assembled PPN Assembled PPN

Clinimix E by Baxter Clinimix E by Baxter

22--liter bagsliter bags

$80.00/bag$80.00/bag

1kcal/cc 0r 2,0001kcal/cc 0r 2,000

kcal/bagkcal/bag

4.5% amino acids and4.5% amino acids and25% dextrose25% dextrose



Questions!!!Questions!!!

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Therapeutic Diets in the Horse