THERMEC97

International Conferenceon

Thermomechanical Processing of Steelsand

Other Materials

TECHNISCHRVolume I

UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEKr ,.L , , HANNOVER

Edited byT. Chandra

andT.Sakai

A Publication of

TIMSMinerals • Metals • Materials

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I

Dedication v

Preface vii

Topic Co-Ordinators ixCo-Operating Organizations ixInternational Committee ix

Acknowledgments xi

KEYNOTE PAPERS

An Internal State Variable Approach to Modelling Microstructural EvolutionDuring Thermomechanical Processing 3

CM. Sellars

The Physical Metallurgy of Thermomechanical Processing of MicroalloyedSteels 13

A.J. DeArdo

Dynamic Recrystallization in Strip Mills — Industrial Fact or MetallurgicalFiction? 31

J.J. Jonas

Metallurgical Framework of Direct-Quenching of Steel 47I. Kozasu

Critical Challenges in the Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Hot-RolledSteel Strip 57

I.V. Samarasekera, D.Q. Jin, and J.K. Brimacombe

The Effect of Second-Phase Particles on the Annealing of Deformed AluminiumAlloys — A Theoretical Approach 67

F.J. Humphreys

Microstructure Development by Thermomechanical Processing in DuplexStainless Steel and P Titanium Alloy 77

T. Maki, T. Furuhara, and K. Tsuzaki

Thermomechanical Processing of High-Strength and Mild Flat-Rolled Steels 87L. Meyer, F. Heisterkamp, K. Hulka, and W. Miischenborn

Aluminum Alloys and the Thermal Processing Associated with AutomotiveSheet 99

D.J. Lloyd and A.K. Gupta

Theory of Grain Growth in the Presence of Textures and its TopologicalFoundation 109

K. Liicke, R. Brandt, and G. Abbruzzese

The Metadynamic Recrystallisation of Steels 121P.D. Hodgson

INVITED PAPERS

MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING AND DEVELOPMENT

STEELS

New Temperature Control Concept for Bar and Wire Rod Mills — PlantTechnology, Computer Simulation and Results 139

M. Kruse and U. Plociennik

The Development of Warm Rolled Strip Products at BHP New Zealand Steel 147P.A. Bagshaw and R.J. Kimber

Establishment of Specifications for Automatic Die Casting System 155Y.-C. Jeng and Y.-J. Huang

The Mechanisms of Secondary Recrystallization in 3%Silicon-Iron: Role of theMetallurgical Parameters 163

S. Fortunati, G. Abbruzzese, and S. Cicale

Enhanced Fuzzy Inference Control for Strip Thickness in a Rolling Mill 171S. Wang and A.K. Tieu

Toughening of an Fe-18%Ni Martensitic Alloy Through Martensitic Reversion 179T. Hara and S. Takaki

A Theoretical Approach for Solute Drag Effect on Recrystallization of Fe 187M. Suehiro and T. Senuma

Effect of C, N, Mn and Mo on the Ms and Md Temperatures in High-PurityFe-18%Cr-10%Ni Stainless Steels 195

M. Tanino, C.-M. Liu, A. Tsuchiya, and T. Matsuo

Microstructure Control of a High Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel by PartialSolution Treatment 203

T. Tsuchiyama and S. Takaki

Development of Steels with Low Ar3-Temperature for Austenitic Hot RolledStrip Applications 209

F. Leysen, S. van den Bossche, D. Vanderschueren, and J. Dilewijns

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Thermomechanicaland Microstructural Evolution of Steels During Hot-Rolling 217

E. dos Santos Radespiel, A.J. da Silva, W. Reick, and M.A.C. da Silva

Interrupted-Accelerated Gas Cooling of AISI4130 Steel 225F. Fazeli and R. Mahmudi

The Nature of Slip and Energy Storage Process During Uniaxial TensileDeformation of Austenitic Steel 233

W. Oliferuk and A. Korbel

The Hot Deformation Behaviour of Avesta 254 SMO and 316L AusteniticStainless Steels 241

A.A. Holmvik, J.K. Solberg, and J. Perttula

Lessons Learned from Sheet Forming Benchmark Tests 249R.H. Wagoner and S. Sriram

New Grain Formation During Warm Deformation of Materials with HighandLowSFE 257

A. Belyakov, H. Miura, and T. Sakai

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Seamless Steel Pipes byMicroalloying and Thermomechanical Processing 265

J.I. San Martin, M.A. Linaza, J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe, and M. Fuentes

Thermomechanical Processing During Direct Charging of Thin Slabs of Steel 273R. Kaspar and H. Bruns

Dissolution of Cementite During Heavy Deformation in a Pearlitic Steel 281S. Takaki and Y. Kimura

The Effects of Solidification Microstructure and Alloy Elements on Strip RollProperties of High Speed Steel 287

S.W. Kim, K.D. Woo, J.K. Kim, and S.W. Han

The Thermoelectric Power (TEP) Study of Interstitial-Free (IF) Steel SheetBefore and After Galvanizing 295

Y. Zhang, J.H. Sokolowski, and D.O. Northwood

Relationship Between Work Hardening Rate and Activation Parameters inHot Deformation 303

R.K. Oruganti and K.P. Rao

Enhancement of Accuracy in Hot Compression Results with theConsideration of Testing Machine Characteristics 311

Y.M. Lam and K.P. Rao

Influence of Aluminium on Hardness and Microstructure of Low CarbonVanadium Micro-Alloyed Steels 319

Y. Li and T.N. Baker

Thermomechanical Processing of High Tensile Plates and AssociatedWeldability Properties 327

R. Datta, D. Mukerjee, and S. Mishra

Cold Working of Austenitic, Stainless Steels Determination of Microstructuraland Mechanical Properties 339

J. Wolf

Modeling of Softening and Precipitation During the Hot Strip Rolling ofNiobium Steels 347

F. Siciliano, Jr., T.M. Maccagno, B.D. Nelson, and J.J. Jonas

Normal and Abnormal Grain Growth in AISI304/304 Cu Stainless Steels 355P.O. Santacreu, F. Cayer-Barrioz, and C. Pedarre

Boron Segregation on Grain Boundary During Recrystallization 363C. Huaiyang, H. Xinlai, and Z. Rentao

Prediction of Site Saturation Temperature and Ferrite Grain Size ina Low Carbon Nb Steel 371

X. Liu and L.P. Karjalainen

Cycle Precipitation of Fe4N in Nitrided Ferritic Iron Alloys 379M. Sakamoto

Microstructural Study of Softening Processes in a Duplex Stainless SteelDeformed in Hot Torsion 387

P. Cizek, B.P. Wynne, P.J. Hurley, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson

Strengthening and Toughening of Low-Carbon High-Strength Steels byAusforming 395

K. Takahashi and M. Hashimoto

Initial Orientation Dependence of Recrystallization in Hot-Deformed FerriticSteel 403

N. Tsuji, Y. Saito, and T. Shinmiya

Effect of Processing Conditions on Ferrite Grain Coarsening in 0.1%C Steel 411A. Schmickl, D. Yu, and T. Chandra

Studies on the Bake-Hardening Behaviour of Microalloyed Ultra Low CarbonSteels 419

Z. Simanovic, U.J. Brand, M. Ichikawa, and S.V. Subramanian

The Mechanisms of Ferrite Nucleation at Intragranular Inclusions in Steel 427M. Enomoto

The Effect of Prior Deformation of Austenite on Toughness Property inUltra-Low Carbon Bainitic Steel 435

J.R. Yang, C.S. Chiou, and C.Y. Huang

The Synthetic Effect of Trace Boron with Other Alloying Elements DuringThermal-Mechanical Treatments 443

X. He, S. Yang, and T. Zhou

Effect of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of a 45kg GradeC-Mn Hot Rolled Steel Sheet 451

J.-L. Lee, C.-C. Yang, and I.-C. Hsuan

High Temperature Hot-Shortness in Low C Steels Revisited by Modelling thePrecipitation Kinetics of MnS 459

R.A. Hubert and C. Standaert

Development of Steel Grades Combining Strength and Deep Drawability 467J. Dilewijns, D. Vanderschueren, M. Baetens, K. Mols, and S. Claessens

Thermomechanical Processing of Mo-Nb High Strength Steels forApplication to X70 and X80 ERW Linepipe 475

J.G. Williams, C.R. Killmore, P.D. Edwards, and P.G. Kelly

The Effect of Carbon on the Hot Deformation and Recrystallisation ofAustenite 483

D.C. Collinson, P.D. Hodgson, and C.H.J. Davies

Evolution of Precipitate Distributions During Thermomechanical Processingof Steels 491

B.S. Nelson, F. Zhang, and J.D. Boyd

Deformation Behaviour and Austenite Recrystallization of Ti Treated HSLASteels Containing Bimodal Particle Size Distributions 499

D. Yu, T. Chandra, and F.J. Barbara

Advances in Ferrite TMP of Low Carbon Steels 507J.C. Herman, A.De Paepe, and V. Leroy

The Effect of Nitrogen on the Microstructural Evolution of Low CarbonManganese Steels 515

M. Staiger, C.H.J. Davies, B. Jessop, P.D. Hodgson, and A. Brownrigg

Use of Stress Relaxation Compression Testing to Monitor Recrystallizationin Ultra and Extra Low Carbon Microalloyed Steels 523

J.M. Silveira e Silva, R. Barbosa, and W. Dahl

Hot Ductility Behaviour of Carbon Steels Through the Two-Phase(Ferrite + Austenite) Region 531

M.A. Hodgson and W.G. Ferguson

Effect of Carbon Content on the Hot Flow Stress and DynamicRecrystallisation Behaviour of Plain Carbon Steels 539

J. Jaipal, C.H.J. Davies, B.P. Wynne, D.C. Collinson, A. Brownrigg,and P.D. Hodgson

Effects of Thermomechanical Processing in a + y Region on RetainedAustenite Parameters of Trip-Aided Dual-Phase Steels 547

K.-I. Sugimoto, M. Kobayashi, H. Shirasawa, and T. Miyoshi

Effects of Vanadium Addition and Hot Rolling Conditions on Microstructureand Deep Drawability of Low Carbon Steel Sheets 555

J. Dille, J. Charlier, Ch. Ducarne, and Y. Riquier

Deformation and Surface Cracking Behavior of Austenitic Stainless SteelsDuring Hot Rolling 563

Y.-H. Kim, S.-D. Shim, S.-M. Hwang, and Y.-D. Lee

Study of Hot Ductility of Microalloyed Steels Under Continuous CastingConditions 571

H. Zhang, Z. Lu, and B. Wu

Direct Hot Rolling of Thin Slabs of Ti-Nb Microalloyed Steel 579E. Essadiqi, D. Baragar, and G.E. Ruddle

Efficiency of Polygonized Structure Obtained by ThermomechanicalProcessing of Steels 587

L.M. Kaputkina and S.V. Dobatkin

Ferrite Rolling of Interstitial Free Steels 595Z. Yao and B.K. Zuidema

Microstructural Evolution of an Austenitic Stainless Steel During a ComplexHot Forging Sequence 603

H. Tsukahara, A.M. Chaze, Y. Chastel, J.L. Noyes, and S. Hollard

Softening Behaviour of Mild Steels During Hot Deformation in the Austeniteand Ferrite Range 611

W. Bleck and H. Langner

Thermomechanical Treatments of New Medium Carbon MicroalloyedBainitic Steels: Microstructural and Mechanical Properties 621

F. Penalba, M. Carsi, C. Garcia, I. Gutierrez, F. Zapirain, and M.T. Larrea

Precipitation Control of Cold Rolled Mild Steel Sheets in Thin Slab-DirectHot Rolling Processes 629

K. Kawasaki, T. Senuma, S. Akamatsu, T. Hayashida, S. Sanagi,and O. Akisue

Control of Duplex Grain Structure at Edge of Hot Rolled Steel Sheets 637J. Haji, J. Wakita, O. Kawano, T. Nakamoto, H. Agario, and M. Takahashi

Ferrite Grain Refinement Through Intra-Granular Ferrite Transformation onVN Precipitates in TMCP of HSLA Steel 645

T. Kimura, A. Ohmori, F. Kawabata, and K. Amano

Dynamic Recrystallization of Ferrite in IF Steel 653Y. Matsubara, N. Tsuji, and Y. Saito

The Pre-Precipitation Stage During Thermomechanical Processing 661W.J. Liu and E. Essadiqi

The Use of Hot Torsion Stress Relaxation Testing to Study Kinetics ofPrecipitation in Extra Low Carbon Steels Microalloyed with Ti, Nb and B 669

J.M. Silveira e Silva, R. Barbosa, and W. Dahl

Thermomechanically Controlled Rolled Higher Strength MicroalloyedStructural Plate Steels 677

D.J. Langley, D.R. Smith, G.R. Harris, and C.R. Killmore

Microstructural Evolution During the Thermomechanical Processing ofV-Containing and Nb-Containing HSLA Steels 685

W.P. Sun, M. Militzer, E.B. Hawbolt, and T.R. Meadowcroft

The Effects of Thermomechanical Processing on the Hardenability of Boron-Containing Low Carbon Plate Steels 693

K. Carney, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss

Multi-Phase Steel for Coated High Strength Cold Rolled Strip 701V. Nicholls and R. Smith

Microstructure Evolution in an Austenitic Stainless Steel Deformed inHot Torsion Within the Dynamic Recovery Regime 709

P. Cizek, B.P. Wynne, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson

Effect of Hot Deformation on Continuous Cooling Bainitic Transformationin a Low Carbon Steel 717

G.D. Wang, Z.D. Wang, J.B. Qu, Z.Y. Jiang, and X.H. Liu

The Influence of Titanium on the Lower Recrystallization Temperature ofNiobium Microalloyed Steels 725

J.K. Solberg, R. Gjengedal, and G.B. Johansen

Effects of Lubrication on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ofUltra-Low Carbon Steels 733

O. Kwon, J. Lee, and G. Kim

On Carbonitride Precipitation in Microalloyed Hot Strip Steels During Coiling 741H.-J. Kestenbach

Effect of TMP and Mn Content on the CCT Behaviour of Ti-Nb-MoMicroalloyed Steels 749

P.A. Manohar and T. Chandra

Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processes for High Strength and Toughnessin Heavy Plates and Strips of HSLA-Steels 757

T. Siwecki, G. Engberg, and A. Cuibe

Dynamic y—HX Transformation During Hot Deformation in Low Carbon Steels 765H. Yada, C. Li, H. Yamagata, and K. Tanaka

Mechanical Behaviour of Steels Under Hot-Working Conditions 771E.S. Puchi, N. Silk, and CM. Sellars

The Effect of Strain Path During Hot Rolling on the Recrystallisation Kineticsof 316 Stainless Steel 779

R.L. Higginson and CM. Sellars

Effect of Cooling Conditions on the Microstructure and MechanicalProperties of a HSLA Bainitic Steel 787

P.C.M. Rodrigues, A.B. Cota, and D.B. Santos

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Fe-C-Mn-Si-XMultiphase Steels 795

H.J. Koh, S.K. Lee, S. Lee, S.H. Park, K.S. Shin, and N.J. Kim

Microstructural Characterisation of Strip Steel After SimulatedThermomechanical Processing and Accelerated Cooling 803

E.V. Pereloma and P.D. Hodgson

Hot Working of As-Cast and As-Worked 408 Stainless Steel 811H.J. McQueen, E.V. Konopleva, M. Sauerborn, N.D. Ryan,and R.G. Zaripova

Strain Accumulation and Recrystallization in Multipass Deformation of aNb-Bearing HSLA Steel 819

L.P. Karjalainen, P. Kantanen, T.M. Maccagno, and J.J. Jonas

Precipitate Evolution in Ti-Nb and Ti-V Microalloyed Steels 827S.V. Subramanian and G.C. Weatherly

The Effects of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of LowCarbon Microalloyed Steels 837

B.P. Wynne, P. Cizek, C.H.J. Davies, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson

The Comparison Between the Manganese Sulfide Precipitation During HotCompression Process and Hot Rolling Process 845

V.A. Rodrigues, W.A. Monteiro, A.M.S. Silva, N.A.M. Ferreira,and L.C.E. Silva

Recrystallization Controlled Rolled and Accelerated Cooled ShipbuildingSteel 851

A. Tamminen, R. Laitinen, L. Myllykoski, D. Porter, and P. Sandvik

Effect of Ti and Al Addition on the Distribution of MnS Inclusion in SteelDuring Solidification 859

K. Oikawa, Y. Ohuchi, and K. Ishida

The Influence of Sulphides on the Hot Ductility of Steels 867B. Mintz, R. Abushosha, O.G. Comineli, and M.A. Loyola de Oliveira

Effect of Strain on the Transformation Characteristics of Low CarbonMicroalloyed Steels 875

P. Cizek, B.P. Wynne, C.H.J. Davies, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson

A New Metaphor for Deterministic Flow Stress Models 883C.H.J. Davies and B.P. Wynne

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Dynamic Strain Aging Behavior of a Ti-IF Steel 891K. Dehghani, T.M. Maccagno, and J.J. Jonas

Hot Rolled Microalloyed Dual Phase Steels with High Strength andFormability 899

R. Soto, A. Charai, C. Issartel, X. Bano, and G. Rigaut

Application of Hot Deformation Structure State Maps to SchedulingThermomechanical Processing of Steels 907

S.V. Dobatkin and L.M. Kaputkina

An Inverse Solution for Reducing the Hot Torsion Test Results to theConstitutive Parameters 911

S. Khoddam, Y.C. Lam, and P.F. Thomson

Boron Distribution in 35MnBH Steel During Thermomechanical Processing 919D. Tan, X. He, R. Zhi, H. Zhu, J. Zhang, and R. Wu

Complex Zr-Bearing Carbonitrides in Zr-Nb Microalloyed HSLA Steels 925K. He, D.N. Crowther, and T.N. Baker

ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

Progressive Sandwich Rolling Method for the Prevention of HerringboneFormation in Aluminum Foil Production 933

K. Nakagawa, H. Nagai, and T. Kawamoto

The Variation of Through Thickness Properties and Structure of AA 7010Thick Plate 941

S. Johansson, N.-E. Andersson, and X.-H. Zeng

Multistage Hot Rolling Simulation of Al and Al-5Mg 951H.J. McQueen and I. Poschmann

Effect of Preaging on Precipitation Hardening in Al-Si-Mg Alloys 959Y.-H. Tan, S.-L. Lee, and P.-S. Wang

Comparison of Hot Working Constitutive Analysis of AA5083 and AA5182 965H.J. McQueen and J. Belling

The Influence of Pre-Deformation and Preaging on Microstructure and TensileProperties in Al-Mg-Si Alloys 973

S.B. Kang, L. Zhen, H.W. Kim, and S.T. Lee

Creep Strength of RS/PM Al-Ni-Mm-Zr (Mm: Misch Metal) Alloys 979K.-I. Sugimoto, M. Kanda, M. Oguchi, and A. Inoue

Transient Dynamic Recrystallization in Aluminium Subjected to LargeReductions in Strain Rate 987

Y. Huang and F.J. Humphreys

Creep Behaviour and Continuous Precipitation of an Aluminum AlloyProduced by Powder Metallurgy 995

E. Evangelista, S. Spigarelli, E. Cerri, L. Kloc, and T.G. Langdon

Synthesis of AI3M and (AlMn^M Intermetallic-Dispersion-StrengthenedAl Alloys by Mechanical Alloying 1,003

S.Z. Han, S.I. Park, and H.M. Lee

Work-Hardening Characteristics of Aluminium Under Hot-WorkingConditions 1,011

E.S. Puchi and M.H. Staia

Rapid Annealing of Aluminium by Electrical Resistance Heating 1,019M. Ferry and D. Jones

HRTEM Observation of Precipitates in Al-Mg2Si Alloys — PrecipitationSequence 1,027

K. Matsuda, S. Ikeno, T. Sato, and A. Kamio

HRTEM Observation of Precipitates in Al-Mg2Si Alloys 2 — Effect ofThermo-Mechanical Treatment 1,035

K. Matsuda, Y. Uetani, F. Shinagawa, and S. Ikeno

Modelling the Evolution of Microstructures in Cold-Worked & AnnealedAluminium Alloy 1,043

T.J. Sabin, C.A.L. Bailer-Jones, S.M. Roberts, D.J.C. MacKay,and P.J. Withers

Effect of Zinc and Magnesium in Solid Solution on the Steady State FlowStress in AlZnMg-Alloys During Hot Deformation 1,051

B. Ronning and N. Ryum

Effects of Fe and Si Additions on Precipitation of 7050 Aluminum Alloys 1,059H. Tsubakino, A. Yamamoto, and T. Ohnishi

Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure and MechanicalProperties of Aluminium Based Composites 1,065

S. Ling, T. Leung-Mun, and M. Gupta

Effect of Cross Slip on Recrystallization in Aluminum Single CrystalsDeformed in Tension 1,075

K. Kashihara, M. Tagami, I. Tanimoto, and F. Inoko

Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Al-Mg Alloys 1,083J. Hirsch

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Investigation of ThermomechanicalSpun AA 2014 Aluminum Tubes 1,095

Y. Chang, C.-A. Huang, W.-C. Han, S.-C Chang, Y.-T. Hung,T.-S. Shieh, Y.-P. Chiu, and C.-C Wang

Effect of Aging Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of the Mg-Li-Al-CuAlloy 1,103

N. Saito, M. Mabuchi, M. Nakanishi, M. Nakamura, K. Kubota,and K. Higashi

Reaction Squeeze Casting Process 1,111H. Fukunaga, G. Sasaki, and I. Tsuchitori

"Age-Hardening" Caused by Solid State Reactions in Mechanically AlloyedAluminum Based Materials 1,119

J. Kaneko, M. Sugamata, and D.G. Kim

Interactions Between Deformation, Recrystallisation and PhaseTransformations in an Al-Mg-Si Alloy 1,127

S.J. Lillywhite, F.J. Humphreys, and P.B. Prangnell

Effect of Billet Reheating Process and Transfer System on Workability inForging of Semi-Solid Aluminum Alloy 1,135

Y.C. Lee and C.G. Kang

The Improved Microstructures and Properties of 2024 Alloy Produced by aReciprocating Extrusion Method 1,143

S.-Y. Yuan and J.-W. Yeh

A New Reciprocating Extrusion Method for Producing High-Grade 7075Aluminum Alloys 1,151

J.-W. Yeh and Y.-S. Liao

VOLUME II

METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

Effect of Extrusion Speed on the Surface Quality of an Aluminium MatrixComposite Profile 1,161

J. Zhou, J. Duszczyk, and L. Katgerman

Texture and Anisotropy Correlations in Ceramic Composites 1,169K.J. Bowman, P. Miller, Z. Guo, R. Roeder, and K.P. Trumble

Characterization of Optical Fiber Embedded Aluminum and Fiber ReinforcedAluminum Composites 1,177

H. Asanuma, T. Kishi, K. Ichikawa, H. Du, K. Maeno, C Prat,T. Chandra, and D. Yu

Processing of Jn-Situ Composites for High-Temperature StructuralApplications 1,185

C.R. Kao

Fabrication and Wear Resistance Properties of In Situ TiCp/Al Compositesby the Interfacial Reaction Between SiCp and Liquid Al-Ti Alloy 1,193

K.D. Woo, J.S. Lee, and S.W. Kim