Thermosyphon Cooling

7/25/2019 Thermosyphon Cooling

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING WITHCOOLNESS RECOVERY SYSTEM AND HEATING COOLING

WATER ASSISTED IN ANIMAL HOUSES

2551


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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING WITH COOLNESS

RECOVERY SYSTEM AND HEATING COOLING WATER ASSISTED IN ANIMALHOUSES

2549 550,000

29 2551


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2549

. . . . . . .


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i

Abstract ii iv

1

1.1 11.1.1 Evaporative cooling 3

1.1.2 4

1.1.3 Coolness recovery system 6

1.2 61.3 81.4 8

1.4.1

Evaporative Cooling 81.4.2 131.4.3 13

2

2.1 Evaporative Cooling 172.2 21


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2.3 212.3.1 212.3.2 242.3.3 25

3

3.1 263.1.1 26

Evaporative Cooling 3.1.2 26

3.1.3 28

3.1.4 28 3.1.1 - 3.1.3

3.1.5 29

3.1.6 293.1.7 29

3.2 293.2.1 293.2.2 30


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4

4.1 324.1.1 32

4.1.2 334.2 42

4.2.1 424.2.2 43

4.2.3 44

(Wetted media)

4.2.4

464.3 48

4.3.1 484.3.2 51

4.4 534.4.1 53

4.4.2

54

5

5.1 555.1 56

57


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1.1 2 1.2 10 1.3 Wetted media 12 1.4 Wetted media 12 2.1 Evaporative cooling 20

4.1 3 33 4.2 35 4.3 43

4.4 49


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1.1 2542 3 1.2 Evaporative cooling 4

Wetted media 1.3 5 1.4 5 1.5 7

- 1.6 Evaporative cooling 9 1.7 11 1.8 11 1.9 14

1.10 15 2.1 direct evaporative cooling 17 2.2 Indirect evaporative cooling 18 2.3 Direct / indirect Evaporative cooling 19

2.4 Indirect/direct evaporative cooling 19 2.5 23

2.6 25 3.1 27

3.2 Wetted media 28 3.3 28 3.4 30 3.5 K 30

3.6 Memmert DO 6057 31


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3.7 31 3.8 31 4.1 34 4.2 36 4.3 37

4.4 38 4.5 39 4.6 40

4.7 43 4.8 44

4.9 45 4.10 (Wetted media) 46 4.11 47 4.12 47 4.13 48 4.14 49

4.15 50 4.16 Condenser Evaporator 51 4.17 52 4.18 53

4.19 54


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NATTHAWUD DUSSADEE, ATIPONG NANTAPHAN, PRAPAKORNTARACHAI, CHURAT TARARUK AND TANONGKIAT KIATSIRIROAT

--------------------------------------------------------------------

2 1 2


11/74

1

26.7-28.8 oC 76.2-85.1 %8.9 % 50.6 % 0.021-0.036 m2/m2 28.3-58.3 m3/h/m2 85.1-87.3 % 2 R22 1,000 30 oC 26 oC 12 () 2.6 oC 48-52 oC 8-10 ()

24.8 oC 14.8 oC 27.8 %

8.6 %

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to study the performance of evaporativecooling that used heating cooling water produced by solar energy which functioned toproduce heat during midday and coolness during midnight. This study was divided intotwo parts: (1) study of the performance of existing animal houses in order to determinethe variables in designing animal houses utilizing heating cooling water; and (2) to

develop the production system for heating cooling water through heating pipes

constructed and tested for their performance in animal houses using ground water pipes


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to increase the efficiency of heat conveyance and distribution of temperature within theanimal house.

Experiment 1. This trial was conducted in private chicken laying houses incomparison with poultry houses of Maejo University Farm. Results showed thatevaporative cooling was able to control the atmospheric temperature in animal houses at26.7-28.8oC, relative humidity at 76.2-85.1%. Further results indicated that private animalhouses were less able to control the relative humidity than the animal houses in MJUFarm at about 8.9% and had lower energy consumption at 50.6%. The animal housesconstructed wet screen per area at 0.021-0.036 m2/m2. Rate of expelled air per housearea was 28.3-58.3 m3/h/m2. In addition, it was found that the efficiency for cooling was85.1-87.3%.

Experiment 2. Results indicated that production of heating cooling waterthrough heating pipes by using thermosiphon R22 as working substance, was able toreduce the temperature of 1,000 liter water tank from 30oC to 26oC within a period of 12

hours (during midnight). It was able to reduce the water temperature from normal level atabout 2.6oC and produce hot water at 48-52oC within a period of 8-10 hours (midday).

Test results on the rate of heat conveyance of wet sheet showed that when thetemperature of cool water from 24.8oC to 14.8oC, the conveyance rate was increased at27.8%. The installation of rotation system for ground water in the animal house showedthat the water rotation system was less able reduce the temperature of animal houses ascompared with animal houses having no such system and was also less able to control

the relative humidity. In addition, it has cooling efficiency of more than 8.6%, in which thelow relative humidity of air in the animal houses was more appropriate for raising animalsand the high efficiency of the animal houses was able to reduce the expenses on

electrical energy.


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i



--------------------------------------------------------------------

2 1 2


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ii

1

26.7-28.8 oC 76.2-85.1 % 8.9% 50.6 % 0.021-0.036 m2/m2 28.3-58.3m3/h/m2 85.1-87.3 % 2 R22

1,000 30 oC 26 oC 12 () 2.6 oC 48-52 oC 8-10 ()

24.8 oC 14.8 oC 27.8 %

8.6 %

Abstract


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- 1 -

1

1.1

(Evaporative cooling) 1

5-8 3 4 80 oF 5 82 oF (, 2538) 8 62 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 oF 4,800 2,719.72 / (, 2542)

21-24 oC 60-80 % 0.76-1.27 m/s(, 2538) Cooling effect 1


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- 2 -

1.1

(oC) (oC)

(4.5-6.8 ) 3 4 (6.8-11.3 .) (11.3-22.7 ) 3 4 (22.7-27.2 )

(22.7-68.0 )

32-3529-3224-2921-2718-24

15.6-2115.6-2415.6-18

29272118

15.6

121212

: (2544)

10-15 oC

1.1


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- 3 -

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jan F eb M a r A pr M ay Ju n Ju l A ug Se p Oc t

(C)

Me a nMean max .Mean min.

1.1 2542

:

1.1.1 Evaporative cooling

Wetted media Evaporative Cooling Wetted media 1.2


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- 4 -

Wetted

media

- - -

.

Wetted

media

.

1.2 Evaporative cooling

Wetted media

1.1.2

!!!

!!!


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- 5 -

wetted media

1.3 3 (Evaporator ) (Adiabatic) (Condenser) 2 Condenser Evaporator

h e a t s in k

h e a t s o u r c e

l i q u i d

v a p o u r

c o n d e n s e r

s e c t i o n

a d i a b a t i c

s e c t i o n

E v a p o r a t o r

s e c t i o n

1.3

Cooling water tank

Heating water tank

Day as evaporator Night as condenser

Day as condenser

Night as evaporator

Thermosyphonsolar collector

1.4


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- 6 -

1.4 2

Evaporator Condenser Condenser Evaporator Condenser Evaporator Condenser ( ) ( )

1.1.3 Coolness Recovery Evaporative cooling

20-27 oC 6-7 oC Wetted media

70-87 % (Coolness recovery system)

Evaporative cooling


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- 7 -

(Coolness Recovery System)

Wetted media Evaporative cooling Wetted media Wetted media 1.5

Cooling water

Heating water

Cooling

water tank

Heating

water tank

Thermosyphon

solar collector

Animal house

Wetted

media

Heating

space

Coolness

recovery

system

Ambient

air

Cooling

air

pump

pump

1.5 -


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- 8 -

1.2 1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3

1.3 1.3.1

1.3.2

1.3.3

1.3.4 1.3.5

1.4

1.4.1 Evaporative Cooling

Wetted media Wetted media Wettedmedia Wetted media 6 Wetted media 3-12 oC (Mastalerz, 1977)

1.88 kJ/cm3 (Williams and Shumack, 1983)


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Evaporative cooling (2543) 1.2 ( (2543), (2544), (2542), (2544), (2538))


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- 10 -

1.2

7-8 /. 12-14 /.

5

6-9 oC 7 oC/ 3.95 . 3.62 . 0.33 . 2 ./ 0.80 0.40 0.40 4-6 % 2-4 % 2 %

47 40 7 2 . 5.88 / 6.63 / 0.75 /

(2542) 1.7 1.8 27.1 oC 20.5 oC 30.5 oC

19 oC () (2538) 21 oC 24 oC


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- 11 -

1.7: (2542)

1.8: (2542)

Hellickson and Walker (1983) Evaporative cooling Wetted media Wetted media Corrugated cellulose 6 1.75 m/s 1.3 Wetted media 10 L/min-m Wetted media Wetted media 1.4


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- 12 -

1.3 Wetted media

1.4 Wetted media

Watt (1963) Evaporative cooling 7.5 2.4 L/min-m2 of Wetted media (Wiersma andBenham, 1974)

Evaporative Cooling

Wettedmedia Evaporative Cooling


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- 13 -

1.4.2

(2545) (Thermosyphon Heat Exchanger) (Plate HeatExchanger)

(2542) 1 (Internal Rate of Return, IRR) 27.89 % , (2542) ,

(2544)

1.4.3

Fukada et al. (1993) 3-4oC. 1.9 Kiatsiriroat, eta.l (1998)


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9oC Lee, et al. (1993)

Vasiliev.L.L, et al. (1993)

1.9 : Fukada et al. (1993)

Dussadee (2002)

10 26.9%wb 1 30 oC 65 oC

37-38o

C


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- 15 -

1.10 : Dussadee (2002)

(2546) PE 2,000

4 20 2 16 2 4.8 R-134a PE 2 32 oC 19 oC 110

(2538)

(2526 ) radiative cooling 2 30.4 x 243.8 5 10 22, 26 , 28 oC

Paddy


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22, 26, 28 OC -14 , 5, 25 oC

24.00 184 W/m2 , 122 W/m2 Wetted media Evaporativecooling Wetted media


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2

2.1 Evaporative Cooling

Evaporative cooling (Wetted media) Evaporative cooling

2 direct evaporative cooling Indirect evaporative cooling 2.1 2.2

2.1 direct evaporative cooling


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2.2 Indirect evaporative cooling

Direct evaporating 2.1 Wetted media 1 (Dry side) 2 (Wetted side) Wettedmedia (Latent heat) (Psychometric) 2.3

Indirect evaporating 2.3 Primary air Secondary air Secondary air

Primary air (Sensible heat) Primary air Indirect evaporative cooling 2.3 Direct evaporative cooling Indirect evaporative cooling Directevaporative cooling Indirect/direct evaporative cooling 2.4


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- 19 -

Indirect evaporative cooling Pre-cool Direct evaporativecooling

2.3 Direct / indirect Evaporative cooling

2.4 Indirect/direct evaporative cooling

Direct evaporative cooling () (Adiabatic) 100 % 100 % Wetted media 100 % Direct

evaporative cooling


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- 20 -

100x

1wb

T

1db

T

2dbT

1dbT

Eff

(2.1)

Tdb1 Tdb2 Wetted media , oC

Twb1 ,oC


(Effectiveness) 65% 85% indirectEvaporative cooling Direct Evaporative cooling (Foster, 1996)


: Foster (1996)


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- 21 -

2.2

2.5 2 condenser 1

1 evaporator 2

condenser 2

Wetted media Evaporative cooling Wetted media

2.3

2.3.1


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- 22 -

)iToT)(pCm(condQ (2.2)

( pCm ) , W/K To Ti

)aTcT(hAcondQ (2.3)

h , W/m2

K A , m2 Tc Ts C h

Lump capacity analysis

)vTw(TeUAdt

wdT

pwmC (2.4)

m , kgCpw , J/kg

oC

Tw , oCTv ,

oCAe , m

2U , W/m2K

(2.4) (2.5)


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- 23 -

.)( tvTwTeUApwmc

ttwT

ttwT

(2.5)

(2.6),

),,( avgvTavgwTeA

condQ

U

(2.6)

Condenser Condenser (Sky radiation)

(Wet bulk temperature) 2.5

2.5

)4sT4skyT(AradQ (2.7)

Emittance,

A condenser, m2Tsky , KTs Condenser, K

-


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- 24 -

Swimbank (1963) (Tsky) (Tair)

2.10552.0 airsky TT (2.8)

Whillier (1967)

6 airsky TT (2.9)

(2.8) 30 oC (2.9) 20oC

2.3.2

14o18o

65-100 Evaporator Condenser

,

)(

ATG

ihi

Tfho

TmCp

(2.10)

m , kgCp , kJ/kg-

oCTho ,

oCThi ,

oCA , m2GT , kJ/m

2


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- 25 -

2.3.3

(Effectiveness: E ) 2.6

cihi

cicocc

hohihh

TTCpmQ

TTCpmQ

TTCpmQ

Q

QE

minmax

max

(2.11)

Q (W)

T (C)

Cp (J/kg C)Subscripts

h c i o

HeatExchanger

Tco

Tho

Tci, m

c

Thi, m

h

2.6


40/74

- 26 -

3

3.1

3.1.1 Evaporative

Cooling

Evaporative Cooling

Wetted media Wetted media

wetted media

3.1.2

3.1


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- 27 -

3.1

Wetted Media Evaporative Cooling

Wetted media 3.2

Wetted media

Wetted media


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- 28 -

wettedmedia

Flow

meter

pump

3.2 Wetted media

orifice plate

T

P

T

P

T

P

T

P

radiator

blower

flow mixer

T

P

temperature measurement

pressure measurement

s

heater

flow mixer

P T

3.3

3.1.3

3.1.4 3.1.1 - 3.1.3


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- 29 -

3.1.5

3.1.6

3.1.7

3.2

3.2.1 (Energy Auditing)

Evaporative Cooling

3

76


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- 30 -

3.43.2.2

1.

K 0.1C

3.5 K


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- 31 -

2. (Data logger)

Memmert DO 6057 1 oC

3.6Memmert DO 6057

3 (Digital AC Clamp Meter)

3.7

4 Testo 425

0.1

3.8


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- 32 -

4

3

1 2

3

1

4.1

4.1.1

3

76

4.1 3 2


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- 33 -

3 1

4.13

50 x 10 m2 50 x 10 m2 50 x 10 m2

4 ,120 cm ,

1 hp/5 ,120 cm ,

1 hp/4 ,120 cm ,

1 hp/ 1 , 1 hp 2 ,0.5 hp/ 2 ,0.5 hp/

1.8 x 10 m2 1.8 x 3.9 m2/ 1.75 x 3 m2/ 6,400 4,608 1,141

4.1.2

0.021-0.036 m2/m2 4.2

3.58 m/s 14,575.98 m3/h- 2 29,151.96 m3/h 58.30 m3/h-m2


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- 34 -

7,082.50m3/h- 2 14,165 m3/h

28.33 m3/h/m2

10,715 m3/h- 2 21,430 m3/h 42.86 m3/h-m2

28 %

4.1

24-25 oC

4.2 3

26.7 0C - 28.8 0C 4.3 30.0-37.4 0C 0.073-0.108 0C/m


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- 35 -

4.2

m3/h/m2

() 0C

0C

0C

0C/m

%

m2/m2

%

kW-h/day

58.30 24.3 23.3 1.0 37.4 26.3 28.4 31.7 28.5 0.108 76.2 0.036 87.3 29.54

28.33 25.4 24.1 1.3 30.0 24.8 26.5 28.7 26.7 0.073 85.5 0.028 85.1 59.68

42.86 24.6 24.5 0.1 34.2 25.7 26.6 28.9 27.1 0.106 85.1 0.021 86.1 52.82


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- 36 -

2121222223232424

252526

9:00 9:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 12:20 13:00 13:40 14:20 15:00 15:40 16:20 17:00()

(0C)

.

15

171921232527293133

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00()

(0C)

.

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

25.0

25.5

9:00 9:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 12:20 13:00 14:00 14:40 15:20 16:00 16:40

()

(0C

)

.

4.2


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- 37 -

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

9:00 9:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 12:20 13:00 13:40 14:20 15:00 15:40 16:20 17:00

(0C)

.

05

10152025303540

9:00 9:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 12:20 13:00 13:40 14:20 15:00 15:40 16:20 17:00

(0C)

.

05

10152025303540

9 :00 9:40 10 :2 0 1 1:00 1 1: 40 1 2:20 1 3:0 0 14 :0 0 14 :40 1 5:20 1 6:00 16 :4 0

()

(0C)

.

4.3


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- 38 -

41 oC 29.3oC

12.8oC 5.4 oC 10.04 oC 28.82oC 0.108 oC/m

38.6 oC 13:40-15:20 . 27.4 oC 8.25 oC 3.65 oC 6.21oC 26.7oC 0.073 oC/m

38.1 oC 13:40 16:40 . 27.3oC 8.27 oC

5.3o

C 6.4oC 27.07 oC 0.106 oC/m 4.4

0

5

10

1520

25

30

35

9:00 9:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 12:20 13:00 13:40 14:20 15:00 15:40 16:20 17:00

()

(0C)

4.4


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- 39 -

76.2-85.1 % 4.5

39.6 % 82.9 % 76.2 % 6.7 % 4.6

59.1 % 91.4 % 85.5 %

47.14 % 91.62 % 85.07 %

0

20

40

60

80

100

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00

(%RH)

4.5


54/74

- 40 -

0102030405060

708090

100

9:00 9:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 12:20 13:00 13:40 14:20 15:00 15:40 16:20 17:00

(RH

%)

.

0

20

40

60

80100

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00

(RH%)

.

0

2040

60

80

100

9:00 9:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 12:20 13:00 14:00 14:40 15:20 16:00 16:40()

(RH%)

.

4.6


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- 41 -

87.3 % 85.1 % 86.1 %

2

1. 2 2 3 21.110C 25.560C 26.670C ( )

2. 2 2 3 4 21.110C 25.560C 26.670C 26.670C (

)

2 1 20:00 . 8:00 . 24 1 12 1 3.6 1

29.54 kW-h/d 10,782 kW-h/y 2.98 /kW-h 32,130.4

59.68 kW-h/d 21,783 kW-h/y 2.98 /kW-h 64,913.3


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52.82kW-h/d 19,279 kW-h/y 2.98 /kW-h

57,451.4

27.1-28.5 oC () 76.2-85.1 % 50.6 %

9.3 %

2

4.2

4.2.1

2 Evaporator Condenser

Condenser Evaporator Condenser Evaporator Condenser


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- 43 -

( ) ( )

Cooling water tank

Heating water tank

Day as evaporator Night as condenser

Day as condenser

Night as evaporator

Thermosyphon

solar collector

4.7

4.3

Condenser Evaporator

1.15 x 2.15 m2 0.65 x 1.2 m2 2.47 m2 0.78 m2/ 8 in2 8 in2

R22 R22

- % 50

4.2.2

24-38 oC

1,000 30

o

C 26 oC 12


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- 44 -

2.6 oC 48-52 oC

8-10 ()

2022242628

303234363840

17

:30

:00

22

:10

:00

02

:50

:00

07

:30

:00

12

:10

:00

16

:50

:00

21

:30

:00

02

:10

:00

06

:50

:00

11

:30

:00

16

:10

:00

20

:50

:00

01

:30

:00

06

:10

:00

10

:50

:00

15

:30

:00

()

(0C)

4.8

4.2.3 (Wetted media)

40x40 ANSI/ASHRAE .


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- 45 -

4.9

1

1.5-2 /


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500-2,000 24.8 oC 14.8 oC 26 oC 2 m/s

( 543.3 752.5 27.8 % (UA, W/K) 509.4 664.0 W/K

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00

v (m/s)

Tai = 26 C, Twi = 24.8 C

Tai = 38 C, Twi = 24.8 C

Tai = 26 C, Twi = 14.8 C

4.10 (Wetted media)

4.2.4

ANSI/ASHRAE .

4.11 4.12 4.13


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4.11

4.12


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- 48 -

4.13

3

4.3

4.3.1 4.1-4.2


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4.4

4.4

3.5 x 9 m2 1 ,96 cm , 1 hp/ 1 , 1 hp

1.8 x 3 m2

4.14


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4.15


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4.3.2

Condenser 1.15 m. x2.15 m. 2.47 m2Condenser 2 Evaporator 0.65 m. x 1.2 m. 0.78 m2 4.16 0.7 m. 1.3 m. 1.10 m. 1,110

Condenser Evaporator

4.16 Condenser Evaporator


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- 52 -

Cold

water

Hot

water

Water

pump

Valve

Valve

suction

pump

Fan

Cooling padReturn line

Water ground tube

Temperaturecontrol box

Temp

sensor

4.17

. 1 oC

1 oC 1 oC


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- 53 -

4.4

4.4.1

15-17 oC 2 19.7 20.1 oC

4 5.8 % 8.2%

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

Time

Temperature(C)

Tw Th_without return Ta Th_with return

4.18


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- 54 -

4.4.2

45-50 oC 27 oC 27 1 o C 100 / 27.3 oC 28.8 oC 26.2 oC

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

Time

Temperatu

re(C)

Ta Thouse Tset Twater

4.19


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- 55 -

5

5.1

R22 50 %

2 1

26.7-28.8o

C 76.2-85.1 % 8.9 % 50.6 % 0.021-0.036 m2/m2 28.3-58.3 m3/h/m2 85.1-87.3 % 2 1

1,000 30 oC 26oC 12 () 2.6 oC 48-52 oC 8-10 ()

24.8 oC 14.8 oC

26 oC 2 m/s


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- 56 -

27.8 % (UA, W/K) 509.4 664.0 W/K

5.8 % 8.6 %

5.2

1.

2.

3.


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(2538). . .

(2526). RadiativeColling. 4 . (- ) . 13-16 2526.

.87 98 (2542). . .

(2543). . . 8 90

(2543). ..

8 89. (2543). ..

27 108. (2543).

. 27 106. (2544). .

8 93.

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Thermosyphon Cooling