STUDIES ON AIR-JET TEXTURING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEED YARNS By VIJAY KUMAR YADAV Department of Textile Technology Under the Guidance of DR. V.K. KOTHARI Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Technology to the

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI DECEMBER, 1997

ABSTRACT

Possibility of feeding two different types of feed yarn, viz. false-twist textured yarn and different shrinkage

potential yarns, in air-jet texturing has been studied.

Using a modified false-twist textured feed yarn for air-jet texturing results, in a yarn of higher bulk,

instability, and tenacity but, of lower elongation, initial modulus and linear density, as compared to air-jet textured

yarns produced from flat feed yarns. The level of bulk can be further enhanced by post heat-setting the air-jet

textured yarns made from modified false-twist textured yarns, but the resultant yarns have higher instability and

inferior tensile properties. Low interfilament friction, lower skein shrinkage, but a higher bulk retraction property

are desirable in the modified false-twist textured yarn meant for air-jet texturing process.

Different shrinkage potential feed yarns in parallel-end air-jet texturing results in reduction in bulk initially,

with the increasing shrinkage difference level but then, increases with further increase in shrinkage. Instability of

air-jet textured yarns also first decreases and, then increases with increasing shrinkage difference.

CONTENTS

Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT ii

CONTENTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES vi

1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 MODIFIED TEXTURING 2

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE........................................................................................................ 3

2.1 AIR-JET TEXTURING 3

2.1.1 Air-jet Texturing Process 3

2.1.2 Texturing Nozzle 4

2.1.3 Mechanism of Air-jet Texturing 8

2.1.4 Structure and Properties of Air-jet Textured Yarns 14

2.1.5 Applications of Air-jet Textured Yarns 18

2.2 FALSE-TWIST TEXTURING 18

2.2.1 Twister Unit 19

2.2.2 Feeder Yarn 22

2.2.3 Structure and Properties of False-twist Textured Yarn 23

2.2.3.1 Geometrical Structure 23

2.2.3.2 Molecular Structure and Properties 24

2.3 MODIFIED TEXTURING 27

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................................................... 29

3.1 MATERIALS 29

3.1.1 Feed Yarns 29

3.1.1.1 Preparation of False-Twist Textured Yarns 29

3.1.1.2 Preparation of Yarns with Different 32

Shrinkage Levels

3.1.2 Preparation of Air-Jet Textured Yarns 32

3.2 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 34

3.2.1 Crimp Properties 34

3.2.2 Tensile Properties 35

3.2.3 Physical Bulk 35

3.2.4 Instability 36

3.2.5 Yarn Count 36

3.2.6 Yarn Shrinkage 38

4. AIR-JET TEXTURING OF FALSE-TWIST TEXTURED YARNS ........................... 39

4.1 INTRODUCTION 39

4.2 EXPERIMENTAL 39

4.2.1 Materials 39

4.2.2 Preparation of Draw-Textured Yarns 40

4.2.3 Preparation of Air-Jet Textured Yarns 40

4.2.4 Yarn Testing 42

4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42

4.3.1 Effect of Air-Jet Texturing of False-Twist Textured Yarns 42

4.3.2 Effect of Heat-Setting on the Properties of Air-Jet 48

False-Twist Textured Yarns

4.4 CONCLUSIONS 50

5. AIR-JET TEXTURING OF YARNS WITH DIFFERENT............................................ 51

SHRINKAGE LEVELS

5.1 INTRODUCTION 51

5.2 EXPERIMENTAL 51

5.2.1 Materials 51

5.2.2 Preparation of Yarns with Different Shrinkage Levels 52

5.2.3 Preparation of Air-jet Textured Yarns 52

5.2.4 Yarn Testing 53

5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 53

5.3.1 Relationship between Hot-Pin Temperature and Shrinkage 53

5.3.2 Relationship between Hot-Pin Shrinkage and Tensile Properties of 55

Drawn Yarns

5.3.3 Relationship between Hot-Pin Shrinkage and Properties of 55

Air-Jet Textured Yarns

5.3.4 Effect of Number of Filaments on Yarn Properties 73

5.3.5 Effect of Heat-Setting at constant overfed on Air-Jet

Textured Yarns. 74

5.4 CONCLUSIONS 83

6. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS........................................................................... 85

6.1 CONCLUSIONS 85

6.2 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK 85

REFERENCES 86

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.2.1 Taslan type XX jet

Fig.2.2 Hemajet T310 and T311 cores

Fig.2.3 Loop formation process in air-jet texturing

Fig.2.4(a) Yarn structure of an air-jet textured yarn

Fig.2.4(b) Different loop configuration in an air-jet textured yarn

Fig.2.5 Poistorq friction spindle

Fig.2.6 Helical model of false-twist textured yarn

Fig.3.1 Stress-strain curves of Partially Oriented Yarns

Fig.3.2 Schematic diagram of yarn passage through Himson-Rieter Scragg SDS 700 C draw-texturing

machine.

Fig.3.3 Schematic diagram of yarn passage through Eltex AT/HS Air-Jet Texturing machine.

Fig.3.4 Instability tester for air-jet textured yarns.

Fig.4.1(a) Stress-strain curves of yarns produced from 126/36 POY. (1. Air-jet textured yarn made from POY,I. False-twist textured yarn with coning oil, 2I. Air-jet textured yarns made from

false-twist textured yarn having conning oiing oil, DY-Drawn yarn). Fig.4.1(b) Stress-strain curves of yarns produced from 126/34 POY. (1. Air-jet textured yarn made from POY,I. False-twist textured yarn with coning oil,II. False twist textured yarn without

coning oil, 2I. Air-jet textured yarns made from false-twist textured yarn having coning oil, 2II. Air-jet textured yarns made from false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, 3I. Post heat-set air-jet textured yarns made from false-twist textured yarn with coning oil,3II. Post heat-set air-jet textured yarn made from false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, DY-Drawn yarn).

Fig.4.1(c) Stress-strain curves of yarns produced from 100/36 POY. (1. Air-jet textured yarn made from POY,II. False-twist textured yarn without coning oil, 2II. Air-jet textured yarn made from

false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, 3II. Post heat-set air-jet textured yarn made from false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, DY. Drawn yarn).

Fig.5.1 Effect of hot-pin temperature on the hot-air shrinkage of drawn yarns.

Fig.5.2(a) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on tenacity of drawn yarn produced from 100/36

denier POY at 1.6 draw-ratio.

Fig.5.2(b) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on elongation of drawn yarn produced from 100/36 denier POY at 1.6

draw-ratio.

Fig.5.2(c) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on initial modulus of drawn yarn produced from 100/36 denier POY at

1.6 draw-ratio.

Fig.5.2(d) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on toughness of drawn yarn produced from 100/36 denier POY at 1.6

draw-ratio.

Fig.5.3 Stress-strain curves of various drawn yarns made from 100/36 denier POY (P. Low shrinkage yarn, 1. Yarn drawn at 60°C hot-pin temperature, 2. Yarn drawn at 80°C hot-pin temperature, 3. Yarn

drawn at 100°C hot-pin temperature, 4. Yarn drawn at 120°C hot-pin temperature, 5. Yarn drawn at 140°C hot-pin temperature).

Fig.5.4(a) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on physical bulk of air-jet textured yarns produced at

constant winding tension.

Fig.5.4(b) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on instability of air-jet textured yarns produced at

constant winding tension.

Fig.5.4(c) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on increase in linear density of air-jet textured yarns

produced at constant winding tension.

Fig.5.4(d) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on tenacity of air-jet textured yarns produced at constant

winding tension.

Fig.5.4(e) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on elongation of air-jet textured yarns produced at

constant winding tension.

Fig.5.5(a) Stress-strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 125/100 POY (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet

textured at 60°C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80°C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet textured at 100°C hot-pin

temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120°C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140°C hot-pin temperature).

Fig.5.5(b) Stress strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 126/36 POY (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet textured at 60°C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80°C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet

textured at 100°C hot-pin temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120°C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140°C hot-pin temperature).

Fig.5.6(a) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on physical bulk of air-jet textured yarns produced at

constant winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed.

Fig.5.6(b) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on instability of air-jet textured yarns at constant winding

tension and constant stabilising overfeed.

Fig.5.6(c) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on increase in linear density of air-jet textured yarns at

constant winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed.

Fig.5.6(d) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on tenacity of air-jet textured yarns at constant winding

tension and constant stabilising overfeed.

Fig.5.6(e) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on elongation of air-jet textured yarns at constant

winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed.

Fig.5.7(a) Stress strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 100/36 POY at constant winding

tension. (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet textured at 60°C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80°C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet

textured at 100°C hot-pin temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120°C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140°C hot-pin temperature).

Fig.5.7(b) Stress strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 100/36 POY at constant stabilising

overfeed. (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet textured at 60°C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80°C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet

textured at 100°C hot-pin temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120°C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140°C hot-pin temperature).

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

6.1 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the studies conducted on air-jet texturing of false-twist textured yarns and different shrinkage

yarns produced from 126/36, 126/34, 125/100 and 100/36 POY polyester yarns it can be concluded that yarns of

higher bulk and higher tenacity could be produced by using false-twist textured feed yarns, but at the expense of

higher instability.

Method of using differential shrinkage feed yarn in air-jet texturing is not effective, as the bulk initially

reduces with the increase in shrinkage difference although there is reduction in instability with increase in shrinkage

difference. A relatively higher shrinkage difference level there is increase in the bulk with increase in shrinkage

different but the yarn instability also increases.

6.2 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER WORK

1. Research could be taken up for developing a right kind of coning oil to be applied at false-twist texturing

stage, which reduces the inter-filament friction so that, filament separation is better in the air-jet.

2. For air-jet false-twist textured yarns research could be taken for optimising the false-twist yarn parameters,

to obtain a yarn with minimum skein shrinkage but a maximum crimp-retraction.

3. Differential shrinkage method for proceeding a higher bulk air-jet textured yarns could be studied for other

polymer types and combinations of different polymers.

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