Think B I G !BUT…

the next B I G thing is really small …

By: Orlando M. Patricio (United ISD, Laredo)

Catherine Leonida (Houston ISD)

Mentor: Dr. Helen (Hong) Liang with the invaluable

support and assistance of Dr. Sudeep Ingole

(TAMU, College Station)

Nanotechnology• Nano came from the Greek word ‘Nanos’

meaning dwarf. It refers to one-billionth of something.

• Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating and rearranging individual atoms and molecules to create useful materials, devices and systems.

• Importance

• Applications

Buckminster Fullerene (Buckyball)

Soccer ball Planet Earth

Nanotech Application in Arts

Lycrugus cup with diffused light Lycrugus cup with focused light

1857 Michael Faraday discovers colloid gold

1905 Albert Einstein explains the existence of colloids     Albert Einstein

History

1932 Langmuir discovers layers of atoms one molecule thick

1958 Feynman suggests that there is ‘plenty of room’ to work at the nanoscale

1974 The word ‘nanotechnology’ first used

1981 IBM invent a machine which can move single atoms around

1985 A new form of carbon is discovered: C60

1990 IBM demonstrate ability to control the position of atomsIBM logo in atoms

1991 Carbon nanotubes discovered

1993 First high-quality quantum dots prepared

1997 Nanotransistor built

2000 DNA motor madeDNA Motor

2001 Prototype fuel cell made using nanotubes

2002 Stain-repellent trousers reach the high streetTrousers

2003 Prototype nano-solar cells produced

2004 Research and development continues to advance

Sunscreen – 65nm particles of titanium oxide are being used in new sunscreens. These particles, made by companies like Oxonica, absorb UV light for longer with significantly less free radical formation (which leads to cell damage and skin ageing) than existing sunscreens.

Titanium Oxide

Tennis racquet – Babolat are producing a racquet that incorporates carbon nanotubes into the frame. The racket is said to be five times stiffer than standard carbon racquet and bends less when the ball impacts. The reduction in the energy lost means that the player’s return is stronger.

   

Nanotube~2nm

Biomedical Applications

B.D. Ratner, U. Washington

Implants and Artificial Joints

Artificial Knee Joint

Hip Replacement

Other Permanent Implants

• Tendons• Pacemakers• Cochlea• Heart

• Need to avoid provoking immune system• Need appropriate cell growth

B. D. Ratner, U. Washington

Issues Facing Nanotechnology

• Hip & knee Prostheses (10-15 lifetime)

• Vascular Grafts (no healing)

• Heart Valves (calcification or clotting and

thrombosis or closure)

• Contact Lenses (discomfort and eye injury)

• Dental Implants (loosening)

Life Style Improvement• Enhance-Performance Surgeries

- Help middle-aged patients to get back to active life style

• Degenerated disk $10,000+$15,000 (replacement)/Artificial disk

• “Potholed” knee $7,500→$13,500 ($50,000 lab.)Cartilage-cell transplant

Ingeix, Aug. 2003, The Asian Wall Street Journal, Aug. 29-31, 2003.

Si substrate

Interconnect

Extension of artificial joints’ lifespan.

Processes to make small chips.

New nanomanufacturing

processes for nanocrystals. Surface and

interface in synergetic

systems.

E3-Research Projects

Self-repairing railroad tracks.

Novel sensors.

Sonomaterials – new process to make nanomaterialsApproach: ultrasound, microscopes (opt., e-, etc.)

Biomaterials – investigate failure mechanisms of chicken jointsApproach: test friction and wear in biofluids, tribometer

E3-Research Projects

Investigation of Surface Morphology of Boron

Particles Using Sonochemistry

What is Boron???

Boron• Properties

• Sources

• Uses and Practical Applications

Sonochemistry It is the creation, growth and collapse of a bubble

that is formed in the liquid with the application of ultrasonic energy.

• Creation of bubbles. Ultrasonic energy was used to reduce the intermolecular forces of acetone hence, enabling the creation of bubbles.

• Growth of bubbles. This takes place through the diffusion of Boron in vapor form to the volume of the bubble.

• Collapse of bubbles. When the bubbles reach its optimum size, they collapse and release a localized temperature up to 5000 K and raise the pressure to a few hundred atm.

Experimentation

• Procurement of materials: Acetone, boron powder, ultrasonic device, fume hood, syringe, 5 amples, water

• Methodology:

-Add water in the ultrasonic device, just enough to partially submerge a small beaker containing Boron powder with acetone.

-Place the above set-up in the fume hood and allow the ultrasonic device to operate. When needed, add acetone to the beaker to prevent the solution from drying up. Take and label samples every hour until you obtain 5 samples.

-Put a drop of each sample on separate slides and allow the acetone to dry up.

- Mount the slides one at a time, upside down, and examine them under the microscope.

Data

Sample A (1 hr) 1000 x Sample B (3hr) 1000 x

Sample C (5hr) 1000 x

Boron (Amorphous) 1200x Sample A - Boron 1 hr 1200x

Sample B - Boron 3 hr 1200x Sample C - Boron 5 hr 1200x

Acknowledgment

E3 Organizing Committee ( headed by Ms. Jan Rinehart)

Dr. Helen (Hong) Liang and her graduate students

Dr. Sudeep Ingole