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ED 031 918 EM 007 163Summary of Closed Circuit Television Activities in Medical Education.London Univ. (England). Association for the Study of Medical Education.; London Univ. (England). Inst. ofEducation. Interuniversity Research Unit.

Pub Date 67Note -18p.EDRS Price MF-S025 HC-51.00Descriptors-Audiovisual Instrxtion. Closed Circuit Television. *Color Television. Demonstrations (Educational).Electronic Equipment. *Equipment Evaluation. Instructional Media. *Instructional Television. *MedicalEducation. Medical Schools. Surveys. Television Surveys. Video Tape Recordings

This 1967 summary of dosed circuit television (CCTV) activities in medicaleducation presents descriptive information on 35 different medical institutions inGreat Britain. Specific data on CCTV are offered by institution. equipment. and usesunder each medical field: anatomy. anaesthetics. geriatrics. medicine. obstretrics andgynaecology. opthalmology. orthopaedics. paediatrics. pathology. pharmacy andpharmacology. physiology. radiology. therapeutics. surgery and dentistry. Shortparagraphs are included with supplementary information on future plans for four ofthe previous 35 institutions and on three additional medical institutions. (SM)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE

OFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE

PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS

STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION

POSITION OR POLICY.

SUMMARY OF CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION

ACTIVITIES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION

Prom the Inter-University Research Unit& The Association for the Study ofMedical Education 19E.

INSTITUTICN

BirminghamUniversity

ANATOMY

EQUIPMENT

CCTV in use since 1965.2 valve-operated cameras

(Vidi-Aids Ltd.)Mobile control console

(E.C.S.Ltd.)Viewing monitors (19" or 23")

625 lineAudio talk-back system

tDistribution: co-axialcables; 8 tutorial roomslinked (one used as temp.studio), demonstration room

land labs. Each room has!loudspeaker, microphone andsmall control panel linked toconsole in temp. studio.

'Permanent studio: being builtlin dept. Application forequipment to includefacilities for x-ray viewing,screening of large specimens,teleslide, captions andtelemicroscope.

4,1`

USES

Reg. use of 5 hours per wk.t(excl. preparation etc.).Teaching of anatomical scienceto Medical/Dental students aidlothers (viz. orthoptists).;Talk -back facilities allow aunique tutorial type ofiteaching in

a) Topographical anatomy.b) Tooth morphology.c) Surface anatomy.d) Radiological anatomy.e Neuro-anatomy.f Embryology.g Micro-anatomy.

Studio designed for extensionof tutorial teaching; forrelays of 5-10 min. sections;;pre-recorded on V-tape (in Univ.!Central Studio) and for relaysto dissecting room as aid to'group instruction.

eeds 'Medical School TV unit.University

Regularly used for teaching andlive demonstrations in Practical;Neurology.

anchesterUniversity

1

No department plans for In favour of installingiacquiring CCTV equipment x-ray image intensifier and COTluntil colour TV is available; requipnent when new Medical;uses University Television School is built.:Service.

4

Tewcastle- iFixed Epsylon camera unit1

upon-Tyne- !with Peto Scott and EpsylonUniversity monitors. Propose to

collaborate with Radiology!Department in using video-tape. Serviced by Dept. of!Photography.

Regular use in teachingTopographical Anatomy tomedical undergraduates andphysiotherapy students. Forteaching Radiographical AnatomyCCTV of value in teachingMietal anatomy; givesexcellent definition; allows alarge number of students to seesmall and intricate specimenswhile examining their ownmaterial.Of less value for demonstratinglarger specimens or for teachi"histology (microscopic slideprojector gives betterdefinition).

6

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Oxford CCTV installation by Siemens Transmit electron microscopeUniversity ,Halsky (Germany); 625 line. pictures to a wider academic

'Monitoring in Electron audience. Consider colour TV ofMicroscope rooms for display Ivalue for teaching histology.in a lecture theatre. Hope to have CCTV with Radcliffe

Infirmary to relay live surgery,postmortems, etc. to students orresearch audiences.

Guy's Hospital Some obsolescent ex-BBCMedical equipment--colour TV.SchoollLondon Have been recently confined

to using black and white TV.

iddlesexHospitalMedicalSchool

Experiments in colour televisionfor nearly 7 years in co-operation with BBC and MarconiCompany. High costs preventedcontinuation of scheme.

Marconi equipment with co- In regular use for demon-axial cable on a special strations and research.ring system. 625 line.

St.Mary'sHospitalMedicalSchool,London

I.MIIOMEM11.111.

CCTV on loan. For trial purposes: use as a;TV camera installed in Post- magnifying instrument e.g. inmortem Room; relay to Anatomy. Also experimented intheatre downstairs; two-way relaying autopsy demonstrations.sound enabled feedback by Considered possibility ofstudents. Photographic installing a CCTV unit (at leastDept. provides central 2 cameras) with full control;services to all depts. in equipment.Medical School and Hospital. 1

ANAESTHETICS

eeds Use Central Studio andUniversity ,mobile facilities of the

University TV Serviceincluding Ampex 650 VTR.

lasgowUniversity University TV Service.

Demonstrations of equipmeat andchromatograph techniques.(Live and recorded).

GERIATRICS

Use VTR facilities of the Case histories of several elderlypatients have been recorded intheir homes and in hospital;these include observations ofpatients, of interviews with thenand their relatives by socialworkers, etc.; for use inteaching Geriatric Medicine.

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MEDICINE

Aberdeen Pye: 625 line. New networkUniversity being installed for returnDept. of of information from centralMedical monitor room to operatingPhysics !theatres.

Investigating application to'image intensifiers in radio-!isotope scanning and diagnostic!radiology for digital informationlas well as display. Betterdemonstration in M.P.LbctureRoof. Plans for considerableextensions of use in Hospital andiMedical School through linkingbuildings. Will use videotaperecording for tutorial andtdemonstration work.

RoyalInfirmary;Edinburgh

BirminghamUniversityMedicalSchool

Cinelex image intensifier17" monitors (2 inCatheter room and 1 inSeminar Room).

Relay of clinical investigation.

.1111..111111111

Proposal to incorporate astudio within the Audio-Visual Aids Unit, T3.76-

t as part of MedicalSchool extension. Willinclude studio controlroom, servicing workshopand equipment workshop.

Leeds ITV used with imageUniversity intensification.Dept. of Ampex 1550 VTR.MedicalPhysics

Glasgow Mark IV Pye industrialUniversity vidicons, Marconi V322 A &

IFaculty of B, Marconi 3020 cameras,Medicine Philips VTR's: 525 line.

Distribution: most Univ-lersity departmeats willshortly be linked toTelevision Centre.Medical depts. in WesternInfirmary will also belinked to this system.

!Audio-Visual Aids Centre would;have Director and Assistant!Director, in charge of facilitiesifor processing still films,Imaking slides, film editing etc.

iRegularly used for DiagnosticRadiological examinations.

Recording and reproduction ofrecordings done on site; somedepartments make use of Mobile TVlUnit of University TelevisionService.

LiverpoolUniversityMedicalFaculty

No TV equipment but havebeen able to make use ofequipment in the existingteaching Hospital.

Such uses that have taken placehave been in Clinical Medicine'only.

RoyalVictoriaInfirmary,Newcastle

Use TV facilities of the'Dept. of Photography,University of Newcastle.'TV with image intensifiersifor Radiology.:Used axtanciva1tr in Y rnv

Occasional demonstrations.Would be of value for post-graduate work to have RegionaliHospitals linked to MedicalSchool.

Oxford Univ-ersity, Deptiof ClinicalMedicine,(RadcliffeInfirmary)

Orthicon camera used withDe Oude Delft imageintensifier.

For research only, in gastrointestinal mobility research.

1

MedicalResearch,(NuffieldInstitute)Oxford.

CCTV used with 'Cinelex'x-ray image intensifier(De Oude Delft).Also experience with imageintensifier television.Fluoroscopy equipment byPhilips and Siemens.

Dept. ofMedicalIllustration(RadcliffeInfirmary),Oxford.

For image intensification:purposes.

Equipment used in Hospital.

;No plans at present for expanding'use of CCTV because of expense.

"..011101.1.114

CCTV is planned for the :new lecture theatre of the ,

Infirmary.

Department is gradually expandingand may eventually be responsiblefor cataloguing and storing ofavailable material.

LondonHospitalMedicalCollege

New Dental School is suitedto the use of CCTV anddiscussions are in progress;upon type of equipment and ,the best method ofinstallation.

Consider that colour TV would beof value for clinicaldemonstrations both in Medicaland Dental School.

MiddlesexHospitalMedicalSchool

Proposes a CCTV link with the Central Middlesex Hospital ninemiles away where some students receive part of their training.Intend to build up a small library of video-tape recordings:presently some recordings are being made of certaindemonstrations for repeat. The Medical School took part ina CCTV demonstration organised by the Royal Free HospitalSchool of Medicine.

St. George'sHospitalMedicalSchool,London

TV with x-ray image intens-ifiers. Considering CCTVequipment and would like tomake use of video-tape for,recording material.

WestminsterHospital,MedicalSchool.Dept. ofMedicalIllustration

Simple CCTV camera chain.EMI transistorized camera; :simple sound link; 2monitors (8" and 23") ;625 line.Have provided for linksbetween X-Ray DiagnosticDept., Experimental SurgeryTheatre Suite, this Dept.and teaching area in nowbuilding.

Nal

For cardiography.Hope to make a start with blackand white TV for use in operatingtheatres and in the mortuaries.

Unit can be arranged for localdisplays as required. Limiteduse at present pending transfer ofseveral departments into a newbuilding.Use x-ray image intensifiers withTV and this' installation will beextended in the new building.

H Welsh Nationalh School of

' Medicine (seeunder Surgery)

MaternityHospital,Birmingham

.4.4.44

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OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY

Plans for internal CCTV Wishes to co-operate withsystem. !University in using facilities

for 'teaching purposes'.

Newcastle-uponiUse TV facilities of the-Tyne Univ- ;Dept. of Photography.ersity, Deptiof Midwifery& Gynaecology;

Oxford Univ-ersity(RadcliffeInfirmary)

For demonstrations on humanreproduction and used by-anatomists. Considers thatcolour TV would be of valueparticularly to clinicalobservations.

CCTV colour equipment Occasional use for demonstrationsSsupplied by Smith,Kline & !of operative techniques toFrench. ;scientific meetings.Have considered newfacilities planned for new!building in 1970.

Institute of IP'ye Lynx vidicon cameraObstetrics & and 4 monitors (14").Gynaecology,London(ChelseaHospital)

!Demonstrations of operations.

OPTHALMOLOGY

ewcastle- jGrundig equipment: 625 line.upon-Tyne i2 screens (27" and 23");University Hanimex tele-lens.

Used VTR (UniversityUnit).

,For teaching surgical opthalmicprocedures; for postgraduatemeetings and demonstrations.Video -tape recordings of surgical!procedures subsequently used to:illustrate lectures.

ioorfields Pye camera on boom mountedEye Hospital iupon portable trolley with

control panel. 625 line.Relay to PostgraduateLecture Room and also to!Nursing School, with talk-;back facilities.4 new theatres being builtin City Road, which areibeing wired for CCTV:!propose to have permanentcameras in each theatre fordemonstration/observation,:as well as fixed ones formicroscopic work.

iFor transmitting eye operationsito

ia) junior surgeons.,b) School of Nursing.ic) special consultants'I conferences.:Can also use as a fixed camerafor relay of material e.g.documents, diagrams, x-rays etc.,Have considered links between'City Road, Holborn and theInstitute, but expense likely'prohibitive. Would thus preferlto have VTR's at each site for;recording and playback purposes.

INVOVC.C11 I use nocale unit or the 'Videotape material from variousInfirmary, University TV Service 1

hospitals for teaching withinGlasgow :University of Teaching Hospital.

'Lecture- demonstrations to 4th; -ii edical student: on Tr:'.1172aland Orthopaedics (4-wk. course)1 which included case historiLs,interviews with patients,demonstrations of artificialilibbs and observations of

iartificial limbs.

BirminghamUniversityDept. ofPaediatrics& ChildHealth

1

PAEDIATRICS

1 Institute of Child Health i For observation of patients inhave plans for a CCTV unit.! playroom and waiting room.Proposals for a new Centre ifor Child Psychiatry using

,

2 cameras and screen.

SheffieldUniversity(Children'sHospital)

CCTV used in Children's For showing x-ray screening toHospital. No equipment in ithe Conference Room.the Dept. of Child Health.

i

GlasgowUniversity

PATHOLOGY

CCTV in use in Autopsy For magnification purposes toRoom - fixed camera over 'demonstrate postmortem specimensdissecting bench: 3 to undergraduates. Considered aviewing monitors. ;very useful adjunct to teaching.

Welsh NationalSchool ofMedicine(see underSurgery)

1 LiverpoolUniversity

Envisages CCTV apparatus To demonstrate to students grosswith one camera for gross iand microscopic pathologicalspecimens and one camera ;changes.attached to microscope.2 monitor screens.

Royal FreeHospitalSchool ofMedicine

0

Single TV chain. Dage 1:In regular use since 1962 forcamera mounted vertically idemonstration purposes in smallover a microscope and ;lecture room or teaching lab. fomonitor set on trolley. !postgraduate and undergraduateSecond camera on display iteaching, e.g. pathologicaltable. No sound !histology. Also used equipmentfacilities necessary. ifor autopsy demonstrations andHave used tape recorder have experimented with CCTV rel:,to record lectures. to other institutions.

a) Necropsies to clinical studen1

from t. Pancras dortuary toHospital.

!b) Clinico-patholouical Conferenbetween University eoiiege an.

1 Middlesex Hospitals, Birmingh-Manchester and Newcastle Univ-rqitiAq_ (2.wav Pnimel nvail

Welsh Collegeof AdvancedTechnology,School ofPharmacy

.1111

PHT1N CY FH 7/T: .COLONY

CCTV unit: Pye Mk.IV withS: t-t icon Tube, Dallmeyerlenses. 2 viewing monitors,(17") and control monitor.625 line.

Have berm experimenting in tele-micro projection for teachingPharmacognosy. Camera unit hasbeen extended to link laboratorielecture and preparation rooms in

1 the School.Have plans for further links ini

1 College and possibly microwave; link between this college andothers in the area.

Leeds Univ-ersity,Dept. ofPharmacology

Use Medical School TVUnit.

Regular demonstrations (live).

ManchesterUniversity,Dept. ofPharmacology

Newcastle-upon-TyneUniversity,Dept. ofPharmacology

Use facilities provided byJUniversity TelevisionServices including VTR(Philips EL3440).Colour television isconsidered of value toshow histochemical changesin responses to drugs.

5 Rank Bush Murphymonitors; Marconi cameraV322 in Lecture Theatre.!Hope to extend use oftelevision but at presentInc) plans to buy moreequipment.

Demoastrations relayed from labsto lecture and seminar rooms.Use for teaching and researchpurposes. Videotape recordingsmade of pharmacologicaldemonstrations.

Propose to use duringdemonstrations for magnificationpurposes. Intend to videotape atleast one demonstration for play-back to students for one part oftheir course. (Equipment co-ordillg.tod. and maintained byPhotography Dept.).

Oxford lExperiments in using CCTV. For demonstrations of detail.University,Dept. ofPharmacology 1

King's CCTV. Plan to make use ofCollege, videotape.London,Dept. ofPharmacology

School ofPharmacy,London

To demonstrate pharmacology to 12students in a lecture theatre.

Considering CCTV equipment. Would be used for demonstrationpurposes, particularly of micro-scopic subjects, for teaching,undergraduates.

PHYSIOLOGY

Aberdeen lIndustrial types; 625 Frequently for lecture demonstra-University 'line. VTR. tions, demonstrations for appara

etc. Videotape recordings shownIto learned societies.!Considering intra-building linksland viaPn-hrTA ple-rtharFp_

dinburghUniversity

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Pye industrial camera1 transistorized Pye camera,3 Pye monitors (21") and Icontrol monitor.Distribution: co-axial;625 line.

31asgowUniversity

Limited use of CCTV.

,1 For teaching in lecture theatreMagnified image of small fieldin animal demonstrations.Demonstrations usually to medic

;students given 2-3 times weeklyHave considered microwave links

Ito depart nents and hospitals bushelved due to costs involved.

For demonstrations of microscopspecimens to large groups.

3irminghamUniversity,Dept. ofZoology &ComparativePhysiology

eedsUniversity

ewcastle-upon-TyneUniversity

heffieldUniversity

Single camera and 23"screen display, transport-able for use in variouslabs. lecture and seminarrooms. Screen height about4i ft., viewed by a groupof up to 24 seated students

Magnification of microscopicwork, though black and white halimitations for colouredhistological pre5.177.17s.For display of special manip-ulation, e.g. insertion of micr

. electrodes into displays andmeter readings.

Use Medical School TV Unit. Regularly used in lectures formagnification of specimens andtechniques (live).

Use P"'otography Dept. Unit. Occasional use (10 hours perweek) for demonstrations tomedical students. Not used inlectures or research.

CCTV equipment (Vidi Aida);24" displays and 5"monitors. 625 line.

Marconi 3 camera unit.

1

2 valve operated camerasor stivalo use only- -one

with zoom lens mounted on) overhead track; one with1 2 lenses mounted on tripod.i 3rd transistorized camera(V322g), 4 lens, fitted withviewfinder and used in labs.

;4110141644 o(114")land 7 (21") viewing monitorslin labs.Small Studio: links to 2teaching labs.; relay alsoto Seminar Room.

For teaching as occasion demandswhen demonstrating to largeclasses. Some use made of vide(tape recordings but limited bycosts involved.

ddlesexospitaledical

Peto Scott and Philipsequipment with co-axialcable. 625 line.

Shared jointl with BiochemistrIIiiept. Demons ra ions o equ.p-ment relayed to students workinat lab. benches. Demonstrationof simple physiologicaltechniques which studentssubsequently carry out for them-selves.Demonstrations of experiments fcteaching purposes.As an aid in histologicalinstruction and use as a black-board.See need for VTR: demonstrationsfor repeats, record for teachingpurposes, to use as inserts intoteaching and would help academicstaff to improve their TVtechnique.

In regular use for demonstrationand research.

een Eliza- CCTVeth'sollege,ondon

For showing demonstrations to:large numbers of students,especially through the expansion!of a small cathode-ray tube on to!the large TV screen for nerve and!muscle demonstrations.

PSYCHIATRY

yal Edinburg 2 Marconi cameras (V322A). For demonstrating psychiatrically:ospital Remote Control Unit. !ill patients to medical students,

Monitors, 625 line. :psychiatrists in training, nursespey VTR (VR650),. :etc. VTR used to show

_o pians to establish rr'2- experimental work of researchment links but would likehAiorkers in the department.

It9,Qvc1 11-9 v'd -1N 1

1

rtnavel Royalospital,lasgowClinicalsychiatry)

stern Dist.ospital,lasgowlinical

sychiatry)

I

Use facilities provided by For demonstrations of a wideUniversity TV Service. !variety of clinical conditionsSmall office as Studio; ;recorded and shown to 5th :Tearone fixed and one mobile !students every other week for 2camera. Monitor screen terms during 1965-66 and 1966-67in adjacent office; 2 sessions and followed up byviewing screens in nearby tutorial classes led by alecture room. psychiatrist.

Used twice for demonstrations ata meeting of the GlasgowUniversity Medic o- ChirurgicalSociety for 200 medical students.

Use facilities provided by !Videotape recordings of psychiatrUniversity TV Service. finterviews for playback atRegular use of TV since 'appropriate teaching sessions toJanuary 1966. 15th year medical undergraduates.

!Research being carried out to'evaluate its use.!Library of tapes is gradually;being amassed for future teaching;needs.1

rminghamaiversity

2 inter-switchablecameras. High FidelityStereo sound system.Facilities for Monophonicand Stereophonicrecording.1 monitor.Will obtain 3rd camera.

!Experimenting in use for only;about 2-3 hours per week forteaching and postgraduate;interviewing.When more equipment is available!will use for research work.For close-up work.

?ds lUse University TV Serviceliversity 1Studios and Mobile Unit.

Ampex 650 VTR.

Recording of experimental case-studies and interview situations.'

,ffieldliversity

CCTV. iFor demonstration of cases and otindividual psychotherapy formedical students.

Guy's HospitalMedicalSchool,York Clinic(ChildPsychiatry)

Institute ofPsychiatry,MaudsleyHospital

2 Marconi cameras (322).Remote Control Panel

(British Relay).Ampex 650 VTR.Equipment for use in 2 or3 rooms as required.Adult Psychiatry also hassome equipment.

For interviews and observationsof consultations between doctorand patient by medical students.

! Recordings would be useful for'inserts in teaching.Acquired Bolex 1200 for filmingCCTV interviews.

CCTV unit. 625 line.Ampex VTR (VR7000).

For research purposes.Videotape used to record studiesof the interview in psychiatricdiagnosis. As part of their

'research progr . Hid e, alreadyexchanging material with ColumbiUniversity (New York) and also

*working closely with the MentalHealth Unit (World HealthOrganisation).

EdinburghUniversity,Dept. ofPsychology

1 TV chain in use since1963. Includes 2 Philips ;

cameras, 2 control monitors(18") and 5 viewingmonitors (21")--Ferguson.1 Philips VTR.

For conducting demonstrationswith limited specialisedapparatus in ExperimentalPsychology Section. Fordemonstrations of thoughtprocesses of young to largetutorial groups in Child Development Section.For firgrarg in 'interviewingtechniques' in VocationalPsychology Section.

Glasgow Univ-ersitya) Psycholog-ical Medicine& SocialStudies

CCTV in 3 hospitals.Relays to lecture roomfrom small consultingrooms.

Regular use for relaying and/orrecording of psychiatric inter-

1 views 4 videotapes have been madsuitable for teaching Psychologyto 3rd year medical students.

I a) 2 tapes on features ofintelligence testing and examin 1

ations of memory disorder in abrain-damaged patient.b) 2 tapes on interviews with

- special types of patients--drugaddicts, delinquents.Also extensive recordings ofgroup therapy sessions whichprovide material for a sequenceof demonstration lessons.

b) PsychologyDepartment

Use facilities providedby UniversityTelevision Service.

A so far limited use which hasbeen directed to recording oftest and interview situations;relays to large student audience/Intend to extend application andlscope of its use.

BirminghamUniversity,Dept. ofPsychology(not inMedical

None at present.Plans-a specially designedCCTV unit in Honours Lab.16 cubicles with TVmonitors and an auditoryintercommunication system.

Would use for simultaneous andstandardised presentation of alarge range of visual stimuli(instead nf psychologicalapparatus. Also for relays ofteaching and demonstrations.

layerpuoiUniversity,Dept. ofPsychology(in ArtsFaculty)

rune lOr laUTV 111 new flt.)r UUMOUbbrdUlUb liltrUI:VJUWb auuDepartment; purchasing ;testing both for teaching andSony VTR. To use 405/625 ;research purposes.lines with VTR facilitiesand a projector system foruse in lecture theatre.

OxfordInstitute,Instituteof Experim-entalPsychology

Plans for large screen, Would use for overflow meetingscolour, CCTV linking labs. !and for demonstrations.and lecture rooms. Experimenting with use of video-

;tapes for the teaching of social'skills.

SheffieldUniversity,Dept. ofPsychology

CCTV system: EMIequipment.

For teaching and research;purposes. Would like VTR as soon'as it can be afforded.

BedfordCollege,London

CCTV in use since 1962.Would have made use ofVTR if funds had beenavailable for purchase.

.

In teaching of child and animal;psychology which has enabled'students to make systematic;observations of behaviour withoutbeing present in the room. Alsohas allowed more systematic;training to be given to under-'graduates.

AberdeenRoyalInfirmary

RADIOLOGY

Regularly during practicalinstruction periods in Radiologyto undergraduates. Demonstration

i Image intensifier and1 CCTV.VTR (Philips 3400).Screening units have CCTV/image intensifiers.

of videotape recordings given,during systematic lectures. In gteaching sessions in associationwith University Dept. of Surgeryfor Clinico/Radiological/Pathological Symposia.For postgraduate teaching: forbarium and urological work; forcases undergoing vascularinvestigation.Consider equipment invaluable inteaching trainee Radiologists andenvisage videotape recordings wilbecome important in this work.

Western Gen.Hospital,Edinburgh(DiagnosticRadiology)

2 Philips cameras.2 monitors (12").

Demonstrations of examination in;x-ray screening to students or.other observers.

RoyalInfirmary,Edinburgh(DiagnosticRadiology)

NEVCO/EMI TV system.405 lines, connecting theX-Ray Dept. to the Dept.of Therapeutics.Philips TV chain coupledto Philips VTR.TV chain in UrologicalTheatre.

'Relaying of x-ray image to:teaching rooms.Used for x-ray procedures,,recording of image for storage afor teaching..Used for teaching undergraduatesUsed for monitoring and forteaching students.

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Bristol TV camera attached toUniversity, x-ray image intensifier.Dept. ofRadiology &Radio Diagnosis

iDemonstrations to undergraduatespostgraduates and staff.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne University

Addenbrooke'sHospital,Cambridge(Old Site)

TV with Philips 9.5" imageintensifier.Also Serex 7" and EMItelevision.Philips VTR (originalmodel).Would like to have directlink with operatingtheatres and certainwards, but funds notavailable.

For service needs in all fluoro-scopic procedures.Videotape used for service andresearch purposes with 9.5" imagintensifier.Would use CCTV link fortransmitting radiographic images

5 Pye Mk.IV industrialcameras in 2 x-ray and 1operating theatres, theoutputs of which arecontrolled in the x-rayreporting room; thisroom acts as a switchingcentre and also containscameras for transmittingx-ray film to a monitorin the operating theatrefor use by the surgeon.The 5th camera is usedfor projecting 35mm cinefilms to the lecturerooms. Talkbackfacilities available toand from x-ray andoperating theatres.

I

For clinical analysis andteaching purposes. Equipment inuse since 1965.Video output from all cameras,with talkback facilities, can befed to the postgraduate lecturetheatre, nurses' lecture theatreand School of Radiography.In 2 x-ray theatres, cameras usewith image intensifiers, e.g. forelaying x-ray appearances of apatient in the x-ray theatre tostudents in lecture theatre.

MiddlesexHospitala) MedicalSchool, Dept. ofRadiology

b) AnimalHouse

HammersmithHospitalPostgradyateMedicalSchool

TV used with x-ray imageintensifier.

X-ray apparatus inoperating theatre.

EMI equipment in 3installations.I Vidicon camera used with9" Mullard imageintensifier and fedthrough a CCTV unit. A'4th installation has 7"Siemens intensifier.625 line. Future schemedependent upon obtaininga grant.

4

Pictures are relayed from Dept.to the Anatomy Dept. LectureTheatre.

For research work.

For clinical purposes.Image intensifiers are usedroutinely for screen in the X-RDept.Considering the provisions of atlarge screen projector in large;lecture theatre with links to1X-Ray and Pathology Depts. to!medical and surgical wards andtoperating theatres; or use of;videotape for recordings if link;are not possible.

Welsh NationalSchool ofMedicine(Surgery,Medicine &Pathology)

CCTV equipment to beinstalled in 3 lecture

1

.

theatres which will include(facilities for videotape i

recording. i

i

1

Proposed CCTV systems would!be based in the Dept. of 1

Surgery.

A pilot scheme in progress whichis preparatory for plans for thenew Medical Teaching Centre,expected to be completed in 1971Most facilities are used depart-mentally but the Panel on VisualAids intend to centralise audio-visual aids from the Dept. ofMedical Illustration which is inthe main teaching hospital.

SheffieldUniversity

!None at present. Plan toimake extensive use of CCTV:;VTR would be used to record:clinical material.

For clinical demonstration ofindividual patients to large!groups of students and for the!entire instruction in operativesurgery- -for postgraduates.

BirminghamUniversityDentalSchool

LeedsUniversity

DENTAL

2 cameras, 2 monitors andancillary equipment.

Usage is still experimental.Would like to develop the use ofthe endoscope with miniaturecamera for intra-oral use.

Use University TV Serviceresovrces including Ampex65P VTR.

Recording of consultations andtreatments of patients and close-ups of dental techniques.

ManchesterUniversityTurnerDentalSchool,Prosthetics

Newcastle-upon-TyneUniversitya) Op,Dental

Surgery

b) DentalAnatomy

Use facilities provided byUniversity TelevisionService. Proximity ofDental Hospital to the newTV Studio will probablyenable a direct link to bemade.

Used during lectures in thedepts. of Prosthetics andPharmacology.Has made use of videotaperecordings.

2 cameras each linked to 3 lAudiovisual use for teachingor 4 monitors. techniques on phantom head.

1 camera (Marconi 322) and For dental histology3 monitors. demonstrations.

Guy's Hosp.MedicalSchoolDentalProsthetics

EMI Type 8 CCTV camera.

Experiments with Marconi1322 type equipment.

In use since 1963 for demonstra-ting laboratory and clinical procedures to groups of students.

I

Have developed a technique ofpresentation which permits showiridetailed procedures to largegroups without the need forrepeats.Are convinced that this equipmenis suitable for a large number oclinical teaching procedures.If funds available would acquirethis equipment with a VTR.All re uirements of Hos ital and

t

Royal DentalHospital,London,RestorativeDentistry

-15-

Pye "Lynx" transistorized Irregular use for demonstrationcamera (type TVC1). purposes in the department only.2 Pye monitors. Equipment would be used more

frequently if technicalassistance was available.Consider colour TV of value forpresenting clinicaldemonstrations on surgical andoperative techniques.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Aberdeen University Medical FacultyMainly Zepartmental developments, the largest single userbeing Surgery and to some extent Physiology but also co-operation between Hospital and Medical Scl-iool for teachingby transmission, from theatres to lecture rooms. Hope tolink 2 main Hospital buildings and eventually the MedicalSchool and also the Nursing College. Plans to establishmicrowave or land line links between separate units ofUniversity and to have local commercial TV studiofacilities mainly for internal University usage but alsoseek facilities for exchange of recorded material. Hasmembership within the Scottish Postgraduate group co-operating in scheme for broadcasting medical TV programmes(in operation for past 5 years).

Glasgow Universitylrhe University have examined the possibility of linking themain teaching hospitals in Glasgow but it will be a long-term project due to costs involved. Intend to provideself-contained CCTV systems within these hospitals. Theuse of the Mobile TV Unit and videotape facilities isenabling students to see material collected in manydifferent hospitals and in patients' own homes. Futureexchanges of recorded material with institutions outsidethe University will depend upon the use of mutuallycompatible machines. The Television Service is acquiringa Philips EL 2770 with this in view.

Dundee Universit Medical Faculonsi era e in ores is being shown by the departments in

the Faculty in closed circuit television but at present noCCTV is being used for teaching purposes. The newTeaching Hospital and Medical School at Ninewells will beprovided with a network of ducting so that when moneybecomes available and when the precise requirements havebeen identified, a CCTV system may be installed. Similararrangements are being incorporated in the new MedicalSciences Institute, Phase I of which may be ready by theAutumn of 1969. Both buildings also contain studio/control-room facilities.

Dundee Dental SchoolAt present CCTV is not being used but in March 1967building began upon a ten-storey tower extension to theDental Hospital and School which will have CCTV installedin it. Taping will be possible from all demonstrationsurgeries and demonstration rooms and viewing screens willbe installed in all the lecture theatres. Briefexperiments have been conducted in the use of CCTV forlecture demonstrations, particularly for the magnificationof objects which in dentistry are very small. Considerthat colour TV will increase the value of CCTV to atremendous extent in this field--for the presentation ofclinical cases and operative procedures as well as forpresenting histological material and demonstrations of anon-clinical nature.

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Ea8tern RezionalosnitalBoardnun.TheFour Todi5=§-1htEl-IW;idn use x-ray image intensifiersand some important work on the development of these wascarried out at Dundee Royal Infirmary. Videotape is usedextensively in the Radiology Department at Dundee RoyalInfirmary especially for angiocardiography.Approval has been given for the installation in the newNinewells Teaching Hospital and Medical School of conduitand trunking to enable the use of CCTV and soundamplification in various areas. some future date beforeor after completion of the building it is hoped to obtainapproval to the installation of CCTV.

Birmingham UniversityPlan to set up a Central Television Service. The MedicalSchool, Department of Anatomy, has already made provisionsfor a small studio within the department. A similar studiois planned for the Physiology Department. The new MedicalSchool extension includes an Audiovisual Aids Unit with acomprehensively equipped TV studio of intermediate size, aseparate control room, workshops, graphics and photographicsection. If is ilitended that the Unit should be in chargeof an academic director and will work both in conjunctionwith the smaller dE.partmental units and with any futurecentralized University Service.

Leeds UniversityThe Leeds University Television Service has been in fulloperation since 1965 and provides advice, services andfacilities to all departments in the University. Theseparate unit which has existed in the Medical School since1962 has now been absorbed into the Central Service, thusenabling the studio resources, as well as those of the mobileand medical units, to be used for live and recordedpresentations to and from the Medical School. The MedicalSchool is being linked to the Central Universitydistribution system so that recorded material may be relayedto lecture theatres in the Medical and Dental Schools.

Liverpool UniversityThe Medical Faculty are in the process of setting up aCentral Audiovisual Aids Centre. Although at presentfacilities fo/ using CCTV are limited, with the completionof the new Teaching Hospital, there should be a considerableincrease in the amount of equipment available. Almost alldepartments are interested in its use as a visual aid inteaching students, both in the Faculty and in the School ofDental Surgery, e.g. in Anatomy and Dental Surgery fordemonstrations and magnification purposes; in PsychologicalMedicine and Oto-Rhino-Laryngology for live relays orrecordings.

CharingCrassjimai447441anAt presen is used in the X-Ray Department; OperatingTheatres; Ward Teaching Rooms, Out-patient Clinics,Pathology and Clinical and Pre-clinical Teaching Departments.An extensive CCTV network (including facilities for colour)is planned for the new hospital building which is now underconstruction.