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This is my favorite lab!
Gross Anatomy of the Brain & Cranial Nerves
Page 200 in the lab book
Terminology
Dorsal View = view from above
Ventral View = view from below
Transverse = split into top & Section bottom sides
Sagittal = split into left &Section right sides
CNS BrainSpinal Chord
PNS Cranial nerves Spinal Nerves Sensory Receptors
What physical characteristics of the human brain can you see in this picture?
1. Left and Right Half
2. Series of Ridges
RightHemisphere
LeftHemisphere
Longitudinal Fissure
Corpus Callosum
The Corpus Callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain
Grass on the Gyrus ridge
Stream in the Sulcus valley
Brain Lobe FunctionFrontal Control of skeletal muscles
(Primary Motor Cortex)
Temporal Smell and hearing(Auditory/Olfactory Cortex)
Parietal Taste, pain, touch(Primary Sensory Cortex)
Occipital Vision(Visual Cortex)
The Ventricles of the Brain
Open Chambers within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Help cushion the brain
Prevent brain from crushing itself under its own weight
The Ventricles of the Brain
Lateral Ventricle
Third Ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct
Fourth Ventricle
Dura Mater
Pia Mater
Meninges Around the Brain
The Meninges
Outer dura mater attaches to the inner surface of the skull and outer edge of the spinal cord
Inner pia mater attaches to the brain & spinal cord
The meninges help protect the brain & spinal cord
Provide space for a layer of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Forms a watery cushion around and within the brain and spinal cord
Helps protect and support the brain
Continuously formed by a capillary knot in the brain called the Choroid Plexus
Eventually it drains back into the bloodstream
Meningitis
-itis means “inflamation”
Inflamation of the meninges caused by a viral or bacterial infection
Diagnosed by a spinal tap of the cerebrospinal fluid
Infection can spread to the brain, causing encephalitis
Meningitis
Hydrocephalus
Means “Water on the Brain”
Occurs in roughly 3 out of every 1000 newborns
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage is blocked
Cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the ventricles of the brain, putting pressure on the brain tissue
Hydrocephalus
What is the Gray Matter & White Matter?
Areas of the brain and spinal cord that differ in color
Color change caused by the nerve structures in that region of the Central Nervous System
Nerve Cell BodiesInformation Processsing
Myelinated AxonsInformation Transmission
The Cranial Nerves
12 Pairs of nerves that arise from the brain
Serve many functions in the head and neck region
Learn a function for each of the cranial nerves
The Cranial Nerves
The Cranial Nerves
Olfactory Nerve Sense of smell (Olfaction)
Optic Nerve Sense of vision
Oculomotor Nerve Eye movement
Trochlear Nerve Eye movement
Trigeminal Nerve Sense of touch on the face, mouth, and nose
The Cranial Nerves
Abducens Nerve Eye movement
Facial Nerve Facial expression Tear and Saliva excretion
Vestibulocochlear Hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal Sensation in back of throat (pharynx)
The Cranial Nerves
Vagus Nerve Slows the heart rate Contraction of smooth muscle
in digestive organs
Accessory Nerve Controls swallowing Movement of trapezius
Hypoglossal Nerve Controls tongue movement
Now Let’s Look at Brains !!!