Thomas J. Hennen Jr. Tennessee Library Association Conference March 2002haplr-index.com The Best Libraries in America? The Best Libraries in America? An

March 2002 haplr-index.com

Thomas J. Thomas J. Hennen Jr. Hennen Jr.

Tennessee Tennessee Library Library

Association Association ConferenceConference

The Best Libraries The Best Libraries in America?in America?

An Explanation of Hennen’s American

Public Library Rating





HAPLR OverviewHAPLR Overview

Provides ratings for 9,000 U.S. libraries.

Compares to comparably sized libraries in the state and nation.





American LibrariesAmerican Libraries





Rating InformationRating Information• Composite score on 6

input and 9 output measures

• Similar to ACT or SAT scores

• Scores from 0 to 1,000. However, most libraries at 260 to 730





Percentile ComparisonsPercentile Comparisons

Percentiles compare to all libraries in a population category.

A 90th percentile means library scores higher than 90% of comparably sized libraries.





HAPLR Score MapHAPLR Score Map





HAPLR Percentile GraphHAPLR Percentile Graph

0

250

500

750

1000

4th Quartile

1st Quartile





Standard ReportsStandard Reports





Weighting of FactorsWeighting of FactorsSome factors weigh more than others in HAPLR Totals

Measurement Category HALPR Weight

Expenditure per capita 3Percent Budget to materials 2Materials Expend. Per capita 2FTE staff per 1,000 popul 2Periodicals per 1000 residents 1Volumes per Capita 1Cost per circulation (low to high) 3Visits per capita 3Collection turnover 2Circulation per FTE Staff Hour 2Circulation per Capita 2Reference per capita 2Circulation per hour 2Visits per hour 1Circulation per visit 1

First six are inputmeasures, remaining nineare output measures.





Sample Score Card - HighSample Score Card - High

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Exp

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Per

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Bud

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Mat

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Volu

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Cos

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capi

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Col

lect

ion

turn

over

Cir

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per

FTE

Sta

ff H

our

Cir

cula

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per

Cap

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Ref

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apit

a

Cir

cula

tion

per

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isit

s pe

r ho

ur

Cir

cula

tion

per

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it

Output measuresInput measures





Sample Score Card - LowSample Score Card - Low

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%Output measures





Silk Purse out of Sow’s Ear?Silk Purse out of Sow’s Ear?

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%Output measures





Detailed data - HAPLR MeasuresDetailed data - HAPLR MeasuresPopulation 221,249 FTE Staff 108.6Collection Expend. $638,970Total Expend. $5,622,773Book Volumes 542,525 Periodical Subscr 2,487 Hours of service 15,561 Visits 1,327,494 Reference 256,728 Circulation 2,567,139

Factor Amount Rank Percentile

Expend. per capita $25.41 74 76%Percent Budget to materials 11% 233 25%Materials Expend. Per capita $2.89 128 59%FTE staff per 1,000 popul 0.49 92 71%Periodicals per 1000 residents 11.2 17 95%Volumes per Capita 2.5 101 68%Cost per circulation (low to high) $2.19 51 84%Visits per capita 6.0 34 89%Collection turnover 4.7 24 92%Circulation per FTE Staff Hour 11.4 27 91%Circulation per Capita 11.6 17 95%Reference per capita 1.9 80 74%Circulation per hour 165.0 32 90%Visits per hour 62.7 45 86%Circulation per visit 1.9 99 68%

Note that population used is the service area population assigned by the Federal State Cooperative Service (U.S. Department of Education) not the census data population of the community.

INPUT DATA

OUTPUT DATA





Percentile ComparisonsPercentile ComparisonsNumber of Libraries in this Population Category: 90

Measurement Category 75 50 25

Expend. per capita $25.71 $18.19 $12.62Percent Budget to materials 19% 16% 12%Materials Expend. Per capita $4.22 $2.73 $1.74FTE staff per 1,000 popul 0.5 0.4 0.3 Periodicals per 1000 residents 6.5 4.6 3.0 Volumes per Capita 2.6 1.9 1.5 Cost per circulation (low to high) $2.74 $3.43 $4.66Visits per capita 4.8 3.3 2.2 Collection turnover 3.7 2.7 1.8 Circulation per FTE Staff Hour 9.3 7.6 5.5 Circulation per Capita 7.4 5.6 3.2 Reference per capita 1.5 1.0 0.5 Circulation per hour 105.0 70.1 50.0 Visits per hour 62.2 44.8 26.7 Circulation per visit 2.2 1.6 1.3





Detailed Comparative Detailed Comparative MeasuresMeasures

NATIONAL Comparisons Library A Library B Library C Library D Library E Library F

City Saint Peters Macon NORMAN Anchorage CANTON JACKSON

State MO GA OK AK OH MS

Zip 63376 31208 73069 99503 44702 39201

Population 255,066 257,687 255,808 254,269 253,213 251,031

HAPLR Index 809 572 456 517 744 291

Overall Percentile Rank 97% 62% 40% 48% 89% 21%

Expend. per capita 22.13 14.76 13.54 33.97 24.68 11.70

Percent Budget to materials 31% 12% 13% 10% 20% 15%

Materials Expend. Per capita 6.93 1.83 1.79 3.56 4.94 1.81

FTE staff per 1,000 popul 0.52 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.70 0.40

Periodicals per 1000 residents 12.9 2.5 1.8 6.8 9.1 3.3

Volumes per Capita 2.5 1.8 1.2 1.7 4.1 2.1

Cost per circulation (low to high) 1.95 1.72 2.46 6.62 2.20 3.62

Visits per capita 5.1 2.7 4.7 3.6 3.8 2.7

Collection turnover 4.6 4.9 4.6 3.0 2.8 1.5

Circulation per FTE Staff Hour 10.5 16.7 7.6 5.5 7.6 3.9

Circulation per Capita 11.3 8.6 5.5 5.1 11.2 3.2

Reference per capita 1.4 3.0 0.9 0.9 5.1 0.5

Circulation per hour 111.4 66.8 42.4 129.0 89.3 23.5

Visits per hour 49.7 21.3 36.1 91.4 30.0 19.3

Circulation per visit 2.2 3.1 1.2 1.4 3.0 1.2





Special ReportsSpecial Reports





Regional ComparisonRegional Comparison

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100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Libra

ry A

Libra

ry B

Libra

ry C

Libra

ry D

Libra

ry E

Libra

ry F

Libra

ry G

Libra

ry H

Libra

ry I

Libra

ry J

Libra

ry K

Libra

ry L

Libra

ry M





Regional Regional DetailDetail

CITY MP Library FLW Library CP Library UMP Library WJN Library PP Library

MEASUREExpend per capita $42.53 $27.50 $19.04 $19.67 $22.36 $35.74Percent of Budget to Materials 13% 17% 18% 17% 20% 17%Materials Expenditure Per capita $5.51 $4.63 $3.43 $3.31 $4.42 $6.15FTE Staff per 1,000 Population 0.82 0.51 0.50 0.47 0.61 0.70 Periodicals per 1000 residents 7.42 9.75 13.21 8.39 15.00 16.21 Volumes per Capita 3.81 3.56 3.73 3.85 5.21 5.00 Cost per Circulation $3.85 $2.88 $2.00 $1.70 $1.53 $3.52Visits per capita 12.57 6.21 6.84 7.02 10.09 3.29 Collection Turnover 2.90 2.69 2.55 3.01 2.80 2.03 Circulation per FTE Staff hr 6.47 8.97 9.07 11.93 11.49 6.98 Circulation per capita 11.05 9.55 9.51 11.58 14.61 10.15 Reference per capita 1.11 1.75 0.96 0.84 0.60 0.82 Circulation per hour 238.70 89.64 55.19 57.48 63.58 36.77 Visits per hour 271.58 58.31 39.65 34.85 43.89 11.92 Circulation per visit 0.88 1.54 1.39 1.65 1.45 3.09 RANKExpend per capita 40 200 752 722 584 253 Percent of Budget to Materials 333 313 581 731 392 676 Materials Expenditure Per capita 56 189 635 671 450 217 FTE Staff per 1,000 Population 43 324 698 799 494 373 Periodicals per 1000 residents 120 192 333 799 241 196 Volumes per Capita 66 208 578 534 205 245 Cost per Circulation 147 442 1,197 1,366 1,445 479 Visits per capita 5 188 350 322 125 992 Collection Turnover 189 324 569 367 445 895 Circulation per FTE Staff hr 270 203 419 156 176 810 Circulation per capita 64 199 448 283 113 391 Reference per capita 113 77 368 453 707 469 Circulation per hour 14 193 354 321 249 742 Visits per hour 1 212 306 392 234 1,270 Circulation per visit 449 441 1,035 767 968 188 WEIGHTED SCOREExpend per capita 1,404 1,983 2,760 2,850 3,264 4,257 Percent of Budget to Materials 350 1,096 2,182 1,882 2,560 1,992 Materials Expenditure Per capita 904 1,344 2,074 2,002 2,444 2,910 FTE Staff per 1,000 Population 930 1,074 1,948 1,746 2,356 2,598 Periodicals per 1000 residents 388 669 1,339 873 1,431 1,476 Volumes per Capita 442 653 1,094 1,138 1,467 1,427 Cost per Circulation 441 1,326 3,591 4,098 4,335 1,437 Visits per capita 1,509 2,019 3,966 4,050 4,641 2,040 Collection Turnover 638 1,074 2,206 2,610 2,454 1,554 Circulation per FTE Staff hr 476 1,316 2,506 3,032 2,992 1,724 Circulation per capita 888 1,324 2,448 2,778 3,118 2,562 Reference per capita 790 1,568 2,608 2,438 1,930 2,406 Circulation per hour 988 1,336 2,636 2,702 2,846 1,860 Visits per hour 507 649 1,366 1,280 1,438 402 Circulation per visit 59 420 637 905 704 1,484 Raw Haplr Score 10,714 17,851 33,361 34,384 37,980 30,129 HAPLR 727 715 688 709 783 621 Percentile 87% 87% 84% 88% 96% 73%





Library Special ReportLibrary Special Report

2.2

3.3

4.85.1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

25 50 75 Saint CharlesCity-County

Library District





State Special ReportState Special Report

Percent of Budget to Materials

a) 500K+ 17.2% 14.8%

b) 250K 20.0% 16.5%

c) 100k 17.5% 14.9%

d) 50K 19.2% 14.8%

e) 25K 19.4% 15.8%

f) 10K 24.0% 16.5%

g) 5K & Under 23.4% 20.9%

Avg 19.4% 18.9%

NC Nation





TennesseeTennessee& Ohio& Ohio





Tennessee/Ohio Tennessee/Ohio Comparison – InputComparison – Input

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100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

a) 500K b) 250K c) 100k d) 50K e) 25K f) 10K g) 5K h) 2.5K

OH

TN

Average of Input

Pop category

State





Tennessee/Ohio Tennessee/Ohio Comparison – OutputComparison – Output

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100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


OH

TN

Average of Output

Pop category

State





Input:Input: Expenditures per capita Expenditures per capita

$0.00

$10.00

$20.00

$30.00

$40.00

$50.00

$60.00

OH

TN

OH $51.51 $33.36 $24.62 $29.72 $31.92 $36.93 $37.05 $37.95

TN $19.58 $5.10 $3.45 $6.08 $5.52 $4.17 $5.10 $7.18


Average of Expend per capita

Pop category

State





Input:Input: Percent of Budget to Percent of Budget to Materials Materials

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

OH

TN

OH 19% 18% 20% 20% 20% 20% 22% 22%

TN 12% 27% 17% 13% 13% 10% 9% 8%


Average of Percent of Budget to Materials

Pop category

State





Input:Input: Materials Expenditure per Materials Expenditure per Capita Capita

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00

$10.00

OH

TN

OH $9.85 $6.00 $4.93 $5.83 $6.33 $7.23 $7.98 $7.69

TN $2.19 $0.87 $0.54 $0.79 $0.79 $0.54 $0.49 $0.75


Average of Materials Expenditure Per capita

Pop category

State





Input:Input: Staffing Levels Staffing Levels

-

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

OH

TN

OH 0.89 0.71 0.59 0.69 0.78 0.88 1.02 1.07

TN 0.42 0.12 0.09 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.22 0.27


Average of FTE Staff per 1,000 Population

Pop category

State





Input:Input: Periodicals per capita Periodicals per capita

-

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

OH

TN

OH 5.8 5.0 3.4 5.1 10.1 13.1 21.2 29.4

TN 4.6 1.3 0.7 2.7 3.0 2.6 3.8 5.9


Average of Periodicals per 1000 residents

Pop category

State





Input:Input: Book volumes per capita Book volumes per capita

-

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

OH

TN

OH 4.5 3.8 2.7 2.9 3.7 4.4 5.7 7.7

TN 1.6 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.4 2.1 3.4


Average of Volumes per Capita

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Average cost per Average cost per circulationcirculation

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

OH

TN

OH 3.80 3.33 2.71 2.84 2.70 2.98 2.64 3.53

TN 4.74 6.47 4.17 1.78 1.60 1.20 1.19 1.63


Average of Cost per Circulation

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Visits per capita Visits per capita

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00


OH

TN

Average of Visits per capita

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Collection Turnover Collection Turnover Rates Rates

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0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00


OH

TN

Average of Collection Turnover

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Circulation per Staff Circulation per Staff Member Member

-

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00


OH

TN

Average of Circulation per FTE Staff hr

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Circulation per capita Circulation per capita

-

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00


OH

TN

Average of Circulation per capita

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Reference Per capita Reference Per capita

-

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50


OH

TN

Average of Reference per capita

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Visits per open Hour Visits per open Hour

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00


OH

TN

Average of Visits per hour

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Circulation per hour Circulation per hour open. open.

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00


OH

TN

Average of Visits per hour

Pop category

State





Output:Output: Circulation per visit Circulation per visit

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00


OH

TN

Average of Circulation per visit

Pop category

State





StandardsStandards





American Libraries American Libraries Article on StandardsArticle on Standards

Objections in past have been from:

•High scorers

•Low Scorers

Therefore we have “build-your-Therefore we have “build-your-own” targets –own” targets –

•Planning for ResultsPlanning for Results





The Article Proposes:The Article Proposes:

Minimum Standards

Target Standards

Benchmarks of Excellence –

Genius Grants





Genius GrantsGenius Grants

HAPLR type measures for qualification

ISO 9000 Certification – – Voluntary quality documentation

American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)

Unrestricted grants – Baldridge with $– Library school field placements– Virtual training – Internet





Frequently Asked Frequently Asked QuestionsQuestions





FAQ 1FAQ 1What led to the HAPLR ratings?

Why not consider electronic measures?

Why not consider square feet for the building?

Isn’t it really quality of service that counts, why rate quantity only?





FAQ 2FAQ 2

Do I plan to continue publishing?

Are there similar rating methods for libraries?

Why is the data so out of date?





FAQ 3FAQ 3

How many libraries are there in each population category?

Can one compare rating numbers between two or more population categories?





FAQ 4FAQ 4How can one mix both input and output

measures?

What does a given rating number mean, and how should I interpret it?

Where can I see the specific calculations behind the ratings?





ConclusionConclusion

HAPLR Ratings are an attempt to HAPLR Ratings are an attempt to encapsulate a lot of data in a single encapsulate a lot of data in a single number. No such number is perfect, of number. No such number is perfect, of course. course.

Was the weather better before Was the weather better before climatologists invented the climatologists invented the wind chill wind chill indexindex or does it just seem that way? or does it just seem that way?

haplr-index.comhaplr-index.com

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Thomas J. Hennen Jr. Tennessee Library Association Conference March 2002haplr-index.com The Best Libraries in America? The Best Libraries in America? An