Thomas Jefferson’s Thomas Jefferson’s PresidencyPresidency

1801-18091801-1809

The BeginningThe Beginning

► March 4, 1801March 4, 1801 Thomas Jefferson is Thomas Jefferson is

the first President the first President inaugurated in the inaugurated in the new capital city of new capital city of Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

He delivers his first He delivers his first inaugural address. inaugural address. This address outlines This address outlines what he feels are the what he feels are the essential principles of essential principles of government. government.

First Inaugural AddressFirst Inaugural Address

►Essential Principles of GovernmentEssential Principles of Government ““equal and exact justice to all men”equal and exact justice to all men” ““peace, commerce, and honest friendship peace, commerce, and honest friendship

with all nations”with all nations” ““the support of state governments”the support of state governments” ““the preservation of general government”the preservation of general government” punishment for those who choose to revoltpunishment for those who choose to revolt compliance with the decisions of the compliance with the decisions of the

majoritymajority

First Inaugural AddressFirst Inaugural Address

►Essential Principles of Government Essential Principles of Government Cont…Cont… ““a well disciplined militia”a well disciplined militia” honest payment of debtshonest payment of debts maintaining a sound economymaintaining a sound economy proper distribution of informationproper distribution of information freedom of religionfreedom of religion freedom of the pressfreedom of the press

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars

► May 1801May 1801 Pasha of Tripoli Pasha of Tripoli

declares war with the declares war with the United States because United States because President Jefferson President Jefferson refused to make the refused to make the immediate payment of immediate payment of $225,000 and the $225,000 and the annual payment of annual payment of $25,000.$25,000.

On the 20On the 20thth Jefferson Jefferson sent the first naval sent the first naval fleet to the area.fleet to the area.

► The ships included the The ships included the President, Philadelphia, President, Philadelphia, Essex and Enterprise.Essex and Enterprise.

Map of the Barbary WarsOriginal Map can be found at:

http://www.mariner.org/usnavy/caption_pages/

06a_BarbaryWars.htm

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars

► In his first annual In his first annual message, Jefferson message, Jefferson addresses the addresses the Barbary Wars.Barbary Wars. He justifies his actions He justifies his actions

of sending a naval fleet of sending a naval fleet to the Mediterranean.to the Mediterranean.

He also outlines the He also outlines the reasons the Pasha of reasons the Pasha of Tripoli declared war Tripoli declared war with the United States. with the United States.

Map of TripoliOriginal map can be found at:

http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/libya/tripoli/tripoli.html

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars► 1803 – Jefferson faces 1803 – Jefferson faces

much criticism for his much criticism for his decisions made regarding decisions made regarding the war the war

► The Philadelphia runs The Philadelphia runs aground in the Tripoli aground in the Tripoli Harbor and it crew and Harbor and it crew and captain are taken captivecaptain are taken captive

► He is forced to make He is forced to make several command several command changes.changes. 1801- Commodore Richard 1801- Commodore Richard

DaleDale 1802 – Commodore Richard 1802 – Commodore Richard

MorrisMorris 1803 – Commodore Edward 1803 – Commodore Edward

PreblePreble

Nautical Map of Tripoli Original map can be found at:

http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/libya/tripoli/maps/roux_1764_pl_55.html

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars

► Realizing that there was no Realizing that there was no way to recapture the way to recapture the Philadelphia, Commodore Philadelphia, Commodore Preble devises a plan to Preble devises a plan to destroy the shipdestroy the ship

► February 4, 1804 the February 4, 1804 the Philadelphia was destroyed.Philadelphia was destroyed.

► August 3, 1804 the first August 3, 1804 the first attack against Tripoli took attack against Tripoli took place when the place when the Constitution’s guns fired on Constitution’s guns fired on the city. the city.

► September 1804 – the final September 1804 – the final battle took place in the battle took place in the Tripoli HarborTripoli Harbor

► September 1804 – September 1804 – Commodore Barron arrived Commodore Barron arrived with backup for Commodore with backup for Commodore PreblePreble Commodore Barron, who is Commodore Barron, who is

senior in rank to Preble, senior in rank to Preble, continued the blockade and continued the blockade and started looking for a new way to started looking for a new way to peacepeace

Shortly after Commodore Barron Shortly after Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore Preble arrive, Commodore Preble retiredretired

► June 4, 1805 after the Pasha June 4, 1805 after the Pasha of Tripoli had been replaced, of Tripoli had been replaced, a treaty was made with the a treaty was made with the United States and the United States and the prisoners were released.prisoners were released.

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

► April 30, 1803April 30, 1803 Robert Livingston & Robert Livingston &

James Monroe signed James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in ParisTreaty in Paris

The United States paid The United States paid $15 million for the land, $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents per acreroughly 4 cents per acre

The purchase added The purchase added 828,00 square miles of 828,00 square miles of land west of the land west of the Mississippi to the United Mississippi to the United StatesStates

July 4 the Louisiana July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly Purchase is publicly announcedannounced

Original treaty can be found at: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/louisiana_purc

hase_treaty.html

Maps of the Louisiana Maps of the Louisiana PurchasePurchase

The original maps can be found at: The original maps can be found at: http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/lesson_4/louisiana.html

•Great Britain after the Revolution.

•United States after War

•Spanish land

New Orleans

Louisiana purchase

•Since Napoleon was at war with Great Britain he offered entire Louisiana

Territory to US for $15 million•Needed the money for his war with

Great Britain•Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory

for $15 million, about 3 cents an acre•Doubled the size of the US

•Jefferson’s greatest accomplishment•Why? Didn’t fight a war, no blood shed.

•Since Napoleon was at war with Great Britain he offered entire Louisiana

Territory to US for $15 million•Needed the money for his war with

Great Britain•Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory

for $15 million, about 3 cents an acre•Doubled the size of the US

•Jefferson’s greatest accomplishment•Why? Didn’t fight a war, no blood shed.

Lewis and Clark ExpeditionLewis and Clark Expedition

► January 18, 1803January 18, 1803 Jefferson asks Jefferson asks

Congress for funds to Congress for funds to explore the land west explore the land west of the Mississippiof the Mississippi

His goal is to find a His goal is to find a water route to the water route to the PacificPacific

► May 1804May 1804 Meriwether Lewis and Meriwether Lewis and

William Clark depart William Clark depart on the expeditionon the expedition

Map of Lewis and Clark’s RouteOriginal map can be found at:

http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/maptrack_b.html

Lewis and Clark ExpeditionLewis and Clark Expedition

► January 18, 1803January 18, 1803 Jefferson sends a Jefferson sends a

secret message to secret message to congress regarding the congress regarding the Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark ExpeditionExpedition

In this message In this message Jefferson asks for Jefferson asks for permission to establish permission to establish trading with the Indianstrading with the Indians

The original message can be found The original message can be found at: at: http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=17php?flash=true&doc=17

Second Inaugural AddressSecond Inaugural Address

►Delivered on March 4, 1805Delivered on March 4, 1805►Stresses the importance of American Stresses the importance of American

neutrality in matters of foreign affairsneutrality in matters of foreign affairs►Outlines the Louisiana Purchase and Outlines the Louisiana Purchase and

the processes by which the original the processes by which the original inhabitants of the land will become inhabitants of the land will become citizens of the United Statescitizens of the United States

►Stresses the importance of harmony Stresses the importance of harmony amongst all inhabitants of Americaamongst all inhabitants of America

Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807

► 1803 - Renewal of the Napoleonic Wars 1803 - Renewal of the Napoleonic Wars between France and Great Britain between France and Great Britain

► America was once again trapped between America was once again trapped between the two nationsthe two nations

► Jefferson wanting to stay neutral proposed Jefferson wanting to stay neutral proposed an embargo on all foreign tradean embargo on all foreign trade

► This was highly unsuccessful and This was highly unsuccessful and devastated the American Economydevastated the American Economy

► The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was put in The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was put in place to repeal the unsuccessful Embargo place to repeal the unsuccessful Embargo ActAct