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7/26/2019 Thng K Sinh Hc Phn Khi Qut
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Gii thiu v Thng k Sinh hc
Chng1
Ni dung
1. Mt s khi nim
2. D liu trong sinh hc
3. Gii thiu phn mm Minitab
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 2
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Ni dung
1. Mt s khi nim
2. D liu trong sinh hc
3. Gii thiu phn mm Minitab
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Thng k (Statistics)
C th c hiu theo hai ngha: Thng k l cc s liu c thu thp phn nh
cc hin tng kinh t - x hi, t nhin, k thut.
Thng k l h thng cc phng php c sdng m t cc hin tng kinh t - x hi, tnhin, k thut.
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 4
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Thng k (Statistics)
Thng k l h thng cc phng php dng thu thp, x l v phn tch cc con s (mtlng) ca cc hin tng tm hiu bn chtv tnh qui lut vn c ca chng (mt cht)trong iu kin thi gian v khng gian c th.
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 5
Thng k (Statistics)
Gm hai lnh vc: Thng k m t (Descriptive Statistics):
Thu thp s liu M t v trnh by s liu Tnh ton cc c trng o lng.
Thng k suy din (Inferential Statistics): c lng
Kim nh Phn tch mi lin h D on...
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 6
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Thng k Sinh hc (Biostatistics)
L khoa hc v s ng dng cc phng phpthng k gii quyt cc vn ca sinh hc.
Bao gm:b tr th nghim
thu thp d liu
trnh by v tm tt d liu
t cc d liu mu suy rng ra tng th.
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 7
Tng th (Population)
L mt tp hp mi phn t thun nht (theomt tiu chun no ) c quan tm nghincu trong mt lnh vc no .
Kch thc ca tng th (N) bao gm ton bs c th ca tng th.
Tng th c m t bi cc tham s(parameters).
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 8
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Mu (Sample)
L mt tp con c rt ra t tng th. S phn t nm trong mu c gi l c mu
(n).
Do c mu hu hn (n
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Ni dung
1. Mt s khi nim
2. D liu trong sinh hc
3. Gii thiu phn mm Minitab
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 11
Bin s
Cc i tng nghin cu c gi l cc nv quan st (observational units).
Trn n v ny, cc c tnh c quan sthoc o c c gi l cc bin s(variables).
Trong mi i tng nghin cu, cc gi tr sgn cho bin s c gi l cc bin (variate).
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 12
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D liu (Data)
D liu l g? Hy nu thm mt s th d v d liu.
Cc ngun d liu thu thp t u?
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 13
Cc loi thang o
Thang o nh danh (Nominal scale)
Thang o th hng (Ordinal scale)
Thang o khong (Interval scale)
Thang o t l (Ratio scale)
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 14
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Thang o nh danh
Dng ch cc thuc tnh, c m ho bicc con s dng phn loi i tng, giacc con s khng c gi tr hn km.
Th d: Gii tnh: 1 = n, 2 = nam.
Chiu cao cy: 1 = cao, 2 = thp
Hy nu thm mt s th d khc.
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 15
Thang o th hng
Dng ch cc th hng ca cc n v quanst.
S chnh lch gia cc biu hin khng nhtthit phi bng nhau.
Th d: c lng mc c hi ca cht aming i vi
cng nhn: 1 = thp, 2 = trung bnh, 3 = cao.
Hy nu thm mt s th d khc
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Thang o khong v Thang o t l
Dng khi cc bin c o nhng khongcch u nhau
Th d:Nhit tnh theo Celsius (thang o khong)
Chiu cao tnh theo cm (thang o t l).
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 17
Thang o khong v Thang o t l
Cc im khc bit gia hai loi thang o
thang o khong, gi tr zero mang tnh quic, trong khi thang o t l c gi tr zerotht. Th d chiu cao bng 0 cm ngha l khng c
chiu cao, trong khi nhit 00C khng c nghal khng c nhit .
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 18
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Thang o khong v Thang o t l
Cc im khc bit gia hai loi thang o Khi mt bin c o bng thang o khong,
t s gia hai gi tr khng c ngha, trongkhi mt bin c o bng thang o t l, t sgia hai gi tr l c ngha. Th d mt cy 140cm cao gp i cy 70cm
nhng mt l nung 3000C khng nng gp i lnung 1500C.
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 19
Cc loi bin sinh hc
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 20
Bin sinh hc
Bin nh lng
Bin lin tc
Bin ri rc
Bin nh tnh
Bin nh danh
Bin th hng
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Bin nh lng (Quantitative Variable)
L nhng bin m gi tr ca chng c thc biu hin di dng s v c th o c.
C hai loi bin nh lng: Bin lin tc (Continuous Variable)
Bin ri rc (Discrete Variable).
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 21
Bin lin tc
L bin c mt s gi tr xc nh nm giahai im c nh.
Chng hn gia hai chiu di 1,5 cm v 1,6 cmc v s cc gi tr c th o c.
Th d chiu cao cy (cm)
trng lng c th (kg)
pH ca t.
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Bin ri rc
L nhng bin ch c nhng gi tr xc nh,khng c cc gi tr trung gian.
Chng hn s t trong phn ph ca mt loicn trng c th l 4, 5 hoc 6 nhng khng
bao gi l 4,3 hoc 5 .
Th d: S lng l cy
S c th con trong mt la .
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 23
Bin nh tnh (Qualitative Variable)
L nhng bin m gi tr ca chng khng thbiu hin di dng s thc s nhng c thsp xp theo loi.
C hai loi: Bin th hng (Ranked Variable)
Bin nh danh (Nominal Variable)
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Bin th hng
L bin c nhiu trng thi, c th xp th ttheo mt cch no .
Th d: Chm im mc d ca b 1 = khng cn
can thip, 2 = cn can thip mt t, 3 = cn bc sth y
nh gi mc nghim trng ca bnh t 1 5...
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 25
Bin nh danh
L nhng bin khng th o c, xp hng nhngc th c biu hin v tnh cht.
Cn c gi l bin thuc tnh. Cc thuc tnh c th c hai trng thi hoc nhiu
trng thi. Th d:
Gii tnh: c hoc ci Mang thai: c hoc khng Mu hoa: trng, vng, Cc kiu gen: ng hp tri, d hp, ng hp ln
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 26
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ng v chnh xc
ng: gi tr tnh ton hoc o c gn vigi tr thc nht.
chnh xc: gi tr o c ca cc ln lp lign ging nhau nht.
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 27
ng v chnh xc
Th d: mt ci cn b lch nhng nhy c thcho ra s o khng ng nhng c chnhxc. Ngc li, mt ci cn khng nhy c thcho ra s o khng chnh xc.
Nu khng c s sai lch ca dng c o, chnh xc s dn n ng.
Cn tp trung hn vo chnh xc.
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Ni dung
1. Mt s khi nim
2. D liu trong sinh hc
3. Gii thiu phn mm Minitab
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 29
Cc thnh phn
1. Cc thanh: Tiu (Title Bar)
Trnh n (Menu Bar)
Cng c (Tool Bar)
Trng thi (Status Bar)
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Cc thnh phn
2. Cc ca s: Phin lm vic (Session): c th lu (save) dng
.TXT hoc RTF, sao chp (copy), ct (cut), dn(paste) vo word.
Bng tnh (Worksheet): nhp cc d liu dng s, dng text (-T), dng ngy
gi (-D)
Lu cc gi tr l hng s (K) hoc ma trn (M)
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Qun l D liu & Tnh ton
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 33
Stat > Basic Statistics > Graphical Summary
02/03/2012 Thng K Sinh Hc - Bi Tn Anh 34