Thor’s Day, February 7:

The Legacy of 1066 EQ: Why does English have so many words –

and why so many dirty?

Welcome!

o Gather pen/pencil, paper, wits!

o NEW UNIT, SCHEDULE,

COVER SHEET: “Chaos, Paradox, Madness”

Freewrite: Dirty Words

Lecture/Activity: 1066

o EQ#1: 1066: Who, where, how, why?

Lecture/Presentation to set up inquiry

o EQ#2: Who won? Students analyze

tactics & language to deduce the answer

o EQ#3: Why are there “dirty” words?

CLOZE: 1066

FREEWRITE: Sacred/Profane ELACC12RL-RI1: Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to

support analysis

ELACC12RI3: Analyze and explain how individuals, ideas, or

events interact and develop

ELACC12RL4-RI4: Determine the meaning of words and phrases

as they are used in text

ELACC12RI7: Integrate and evaluate multiple sources to address a

question or solve a problem

ELACC12W7: Conduct research projects to answer a question ELACC12W10: Write routinely over extended and shorter time frames

ELACC12SL1: Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions

ELACC12SL4: Present information, findings, and supporting evidence

ELACC12SL5: Make strategic use of digital media in presentations

ELACC12SL6: Adapt speech to a variety of tasks, demonstrating a command of formal English

ELACC12L1: Demonstrate standard English grammar and usage in speaking and writing.

ELACC12L3: Demonstrate understanding of how language functions in different contexts

ELACC12L6: Acquire and use general academic and domain-specific words and phrases

BritLitComp Assignments, Spring 2013

Unit Two: Chaos, Paradox and Madness

4 Computer Lab – work on Analytical Essay #1

5 Computer Lab – Analytical Essay #1 DUE

6 Film – Time Bandits

7 Introduction to Unit Two – Lecture/Presentation: The Legacy of 1066

8 Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales: The Fastest Overview Ever

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11 Lecture/Presentation: Chaos, Paradox, and Sonnets: Elizabethan England (“In A Nutshell”)

12 Spenser’s Sonnets

13 Shakespeare’s Sonnets

14 Love Poems of Shakespeare and Chaucer

15 Senior Sonnets

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18 Bardology 101

19 William Shakespeare, Hamlet

20 William Shakespeare, Hamlet

21 William Shakespeare, Hamlet

22 William Shakespeare, Hamlet

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25 William Shakespeare, Hamlet

26 William Shakespeare, Hamlet

27 William Shakespeare, Hamlet; Notebooks, Reading Journals DUE

28 Computer Lab – work on Analytical Essay #2

1 Computer Lab – work on Analytical Essay #2

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4 ANALYTICAL ESSAY #2 DUE; Group Project: “Nothing Else But Mad”

5 Group Project: “Nothing Else But Mad”

6 Group Project: “Nothing Else But Mad”

7 Group Project: “Nothing Else But Mad”

8 Teacher Work Day – Student Holiday

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SPRING INTERSESSION

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Freewrite (100 words): Dirty Words Of all the “dirty” words – which is the WORST?

Don’t say it. Don’t write it. Just think it. And about it.

Now – WITHOUT writing the word itself, explain why

THIS WORD is the WORST of the “dirty” words.

What makes it so BAD?

In January 1066 Edward, King of England, died.

He was such a holy man that he was

known as “Edward The Confessor,”

and was canonized shortly after death.

For whatever reason – that holiness? –

he died childless*, leaving three

major claimants:

o Harold of Wessex – Saxon.

o Haraald Haardra (Denmark ) (don’t worry about him)

o William of Normandy

(Northern France),

*where have we seen that before?

Harold of Wessex was named King,

but the other two didn’t agree. In the

fall of 1066, each man claimed the

throne of England.

o September 1066:

The Danes invaded

eastern England.

Saxon king Harold

marched his army

up from London.

o September 25:

Vastly outnumbered,

the Saxons destroyed

the Danish invaders.

o September 27: William sailed from

Normandy (northern

France) with

horsemen, landed on

beach at Hastings

o October 2(?): The

Saxons marched to

meet the Norse.

On October 14, 1066, Saxons and Normans

fought the Battle of Hastings – the last

international battle fought on British soil.

So who won? You will deduce the answer.

Analyze the tactical situation of each army;

Research the way that English has developed since then.

1066: Tactical Analysis

As dawn broke on October 14, 1066:

Use this information to analyze the tactical situation of each

army, and “predict” the winner (retroactively).

The Saxons …

The Normans

…were exhausted from a battle and a long march.

…rested on a beach after sailing the sea.

…had England behind them. …had sea and ships behind them.

…were footsoldiers. …were horsemen.

… used spears, swords, axes. …used spears, swords, longbows.

…formed defenses on the hills

overlooking the English coast.

…had to attack the Saxons by

riding up a long hill.

1066: Language Analysis

Go to www.etymonline.com and find the source

languages for the words in each pair below:

Word

Pair From what

language does

this word

come?

From what

language does

this word

come?

Based on this word pair, would you say that

the Saxons or the Normans won at Hastings?

1. hard easy

2. profit work

3. beef cow

5. manure

the “bad”

word (don’t

look up)

Analyze this information decide whether the Saxons (speaking Old

German, Old Norse, and Old English) or the Normans (speaking French,

Latin) won at Hastings; in other words, whose words won the war?

At dawn on October 14, 1066, William’s personal poet rode uphill

singing French songs, and was quickly hacked to death by Saxons.

So the battle went well for the Saxons at first. BUT –

The Battle of Hastings was over later that day ….

….as Harold was killed by an arrow through the eye.

William of Normandy marched swiftly though Britain,

and was crowned King of England on Christmas Day, 1066.

He is now known as “William the Conqueror.”

3 Languages, 3 Classes, 3 Purposes William’s crowning created an awkward situation in Britain:

three different languages spoken by three distinct classes.

The Church used Latin as they had done since ancient

times, and this continued.

Even today, Latin and Latin-

based words are used for

prayer and scholarship.

Anyone wishing a position in

the Church had to learn Latin.

The Ruling Class used

Norman French.

William rewarded his followers

by giving them positions of

power.

Anyone wishing to have

political or economic influence

had to speak Norman French.

The Saxons lost their power and their weapons,

and now were peasants and workers.

Saxon became the language of commoners. Using Saxon words now marked a person as low-class.

Parents taught their children NOT TO USE Saxon words for

everyday acts and objects, because Saxon words were now

considered vulgar, even “dirty.” Instead, children were

taught to use French or Latin words, in order to sound polite

and sophisticated. This language bias is still with us today.

It’s why English has more words than any other language on

Earth, and more “kinds” of words: fancy words, educated

words, plain words, and “dirty” words.

BritLitComp: The Roots of Modern English Comparison Matrix Graphic Organizer

Root Language: Anglo-Saxon Norman French Latin or Greek

These words tend to

look and sound like: Short: often 1 syllable

Simple consonants and vowels; fricatives

Short to medium:

1- 3 syllables

More complex vowels and consonants; fricatives

Short to very long:

often 3 or more syllables

Simple consonants and vowels

Before 1066, these

words were used by:

People in Scandanavia, Germany, England

People in what is now Northern France

Scholars, priests, monks and nuns throughout Europe

In Britain after 1066,

these were used by:

Peasants, servants, serfs:

“lower class” commoners

Knights, Kings, Lords:

“upper class” powerful

Scholars, priests, monks and

nuns throughout Europe

In modern usage, these

words tend to seem or

to be used for:

SAXON

“Basic” words

Hard-hitting language Rude or “Dirty” speech

Things common folk use

FRENCH

“Luxury” words

“Romantic” language “Polite” speech

Things fancy folk use

LATIN

Scientific, philosophical,

educated, legal language “Intellectual” speech

Things scholarly folk use

Modern words

for food/animals

Animal known by serf:

Chicken Sheep

Cow

Animal eaten by lord:

Poultry Mutton

Beef

Animal classed by science:

Avian species

Ovine species Bovine species

Common words

from these roots:

Add other examples

and check etymology

Food Luck

Beer

Thing Work

Guts

Hard

Cuisine Fortune

Wine, Champagne

Object Leisure

Stomach

Easy

Nutrition Serendipity

Beverage

Instrument Study

Internal Organs

Difficult Facile

“Dirty” v. “acceptable”

You may add other

examples and check

their etymology

“Dirty” words (you know what they are!)

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

Polite equivalents:

_manure_____

__ pass gas __

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

Scientific equivalents: __excrement _

__flatulate __

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

Quiz: 1066

1. Why was King Edward “The Confessor” called that?

2. What did he not “do,” and why did his death send England into turmoil?

3. What Saxon noble was named King of England when Edward died?

4. Who invaded Britain in October 1066, and where was he from?

5. What was the name of the battle? Where did it take place?

6. What two big advantages did the Normans have?

7. What big tactical advantage did the Saxons have?

8. What language did the winners speak, and what position in society did they take?

9. What language did the losers speak, and what position in society did they take?

10. Explain how one of your “word pairs” illustrates this winner/loser dynamic:

11. What language did Church members and scholars continue to use?

12. From which language do “cuss words” come – and WHY?

TURN IN TODAY:

Freewrite: Dirty Words

CLOZE: 1066