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12. Thorax and Abdomen. On-Field Assessment: Primary Survey. Observe surroundings and athlete. Establish consciousness. Check airway, breathing, and circulation. Assess vitals early (pulse, respirations, blood pressure). On-Field Assessment: Secondary Survey. History—note symptoms:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Observe surroundings and athlete.
On-Field Assessment: On-Field Assessment: Primary SurveyPrimary Survey
Establish consciousness.
Assess vitals early (pulse, respirations, blood pressure).
Check airway, breathing, and circulation.
Nausea
On-Field Assessment: On-Field Assessment: Secondary SurveySecondary Survey
Chest or abdominal pain
Respiratory or cardiac distress
History—note symptoms:
Difficulty breathing
Pain increase on inspiration
Observation—note overall response:
Pain
Shock
Chest wall (tenderness, deformity, swelling, asymmetry)
On-Field Assessment: On-Field Assessment: Secondary SurveySecondary Survey
Bony and soft tissue landmarks
Palpate to assess potential structures involved:
Abdomen (distension, guarding, rebound tenderness)
Pulse
Decreased blood pressure
Cardinal Signs Cardinal Signs of Internal Injuryof Internal Injury
Rapid and weak pulse
Wet, white, and weak appearance
Rapid and shallow respirations
Chief complaint
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: HistoryAssessment: History
Mechanism of injury
Onset, duration, and change in symptoms
Pain profile
Presence and location of referred pain
(continued)
Nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: HistoryAssessment: History
Presence of hematuria
General health and previous injury history
Response, position and posture
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: ObservationAssessment: Observation
Skin coloration and moisture
Abdomen (rigidity, guarding, distension)
Thorax (breathing pattern, signs of cardiac distress)
(continued)
Genitalia (swelling or abnormal appearance)
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: ObservationAssessment: Observation
Hematuria and hemoptysis
Vital signs
Swelling, discoloration, lacerations, deformity, asymmetry
Pulse
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: PalpationAssessment: Palpation
Chest (tenderness, deformity, crepitus, asymmetry)
Soft tissue
Bony landmarks
(continued)
Abdomen
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: PalpationAssessment: Palpation
Muscle guarding
Deep organ palpation (liver, spleen, kidney)
Rebound tenderness
Ridigity and distension
Testicles (swelling, tenderness, masses, abnormalities)
Anterior-posterior rib compression
Abdominal Sideline and Abdominal Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: Off-Field Assessment: Special TestsSpecial Tests
Lateral rib compression
Auscultation (heart, lungs, bowel)
Active for trunk, scapular, and shoulder motions
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: Assessment: ROM and StrengthROM and Strength
Bilateral comparisons
Range of motion
Same motions as for ROM
Note weaknesses and bilateral differences
Strength
Thoracic dermatomes
Sideline and Off-Field Sideline and Off-Field Assessment: Assessment: Neurological TestsNeurological Tests
Visceral pain referral patterns
Neurological assessment is primarily sensory.
Cardiorespiratory (aerobic exercise)
Functional AssessmentFunctional Assessment
Musculoskeletal (active sport-related movements)
Reassess signs and symptoms during and after each functional activity.