Thus Spake - · PDF filevI THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS! mind will indubitably perceive that the compilation is an exposition of arrangement which is topic-wise but not author-centric

Thus Spake Their Lordships!Quotable Quotes from Supreme Court CasesTM (SCC)

(1969–2015)

SUMEET MALIKB.A., LL.B. (Hons.) (NLSIU), LL.M. (IP) (Franklin Pierce)

Advocate, Supreme CourtAssociate Editor: ‘Supreme Court CasesTM’

Managing Editor: ITCC

Assisted by

BHUMIKA INDOLIAB.A., LL.B.

Assistant Editor

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Foreword

It has been said long back that when a good innovative idea springs up or a new dimension is presented, everyone who has the potential attributes to be connected feels the fragrance of it; and the said feeling get more accentuated with locomotive spirit when it associates itself with an institution. It also reflects keen and studied interest in the institutional mores that gradually becomes an echo. It is in contra-distinction to an individual voice.

The present book evocatively portrays the thoughts, definitely a collective one, of the Apex Court; and the inner beauty is that they have been artistically woven covering a period of four and half decades and decisively not striding in chronicle of time but respecting the idea and philosophy with efflux of time behind various subjects. The intention is singular’ to project it as a treasure-house of judicial wisdom with focus. The fundamental purpose, as one can perceive, is to structure the space and inject the intellect. The idea nurtured by the compilers is all inclusive.

The thought behind such a compilation is to acquaint the generation of lawyers with the theme how the authors of judgments have projected their views. It undoubtedly ignite one’s thinking and, at times, make on realise one’s place in the universe of law. A book of quotations is always inspiring if it is well chosen and there is synchronicity between the traditional views and the perception of modern times. The amalgam of history, historicity of approach and progressive modernism basically makes a book of quotations not only a store house of knowledge but also very distinctive pleasant reading. History has recorded how moderns are envious of the past and sometimes amused. But, the present book is an exception to those ideas. It, in fact, has reproduced what had already found place in the journal from the very inception. An observant

Dipak MisraJudge

Supreme Court of India

10, Tughlak RoadNew Delhi–110011Tel.: 23792196 23792197

vI THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

mind will indubitably perceive that the compilation is an exposition of arrangement which is topic-wise but not author-centric.

A legal quotation is expression of a thought, a view, a philosophy or a principle, stated with precision and clarity. It may be the core of the decision or a seed sown for future development of law. Lawyers while researching cases, and judges while writing judgments, constantly recollect having read a relevant principle or quotation somewhere, but will not be able to lay their hands on the decision. This compilation will enable the lawyers and judges and others interested in law, to access the appropriate quotation or principle with ease; and as this book also gives the reference of cases where the quotations occur, it will be easy for them to refer to the decision and understand the context in which the quoted statement has been made.

A quotation from a judgment is always reflective of three essential components, namely, creative spontaneity, diligent craftsmanship and concentrated deliberation. That is why it takes time and effort and required experience, sound knowledge of law, wisdom and clarity in thought and expression.

The present book emphasises on subject-orientation so that it can benefit the reader, the researcher, the academician, the advocates and the Judges. The qualitative paradigm is clearly spelt out. It can be said with certainty that the book commands serious concentration’ and simultaneously instils pleasantness. The idea of harmony is home.

As a humble reader, I have no speck of doubt that anyone who is interested in legal history and objective delight will find the book extremely useful.

[Dipak Misra]August 12, 2015

Preface

“You will die but the words you speak or spoke, will live forever.”

—Auliq Ice

How does one encapsulate the individual and collective wisdom of men as worthy as Justices of a Supreme Court? In dispensing justice they state the mundane and the profound, and thus this compilation is an effort to collect those pearls and weave them in a thread to make a beautiful necklace. These gems of sublime thought and felicitous expression embody the aspirations and values of our developing law and deserve to be treasured and are worthy of being cited.

Inspired by the thoughts of the Judges, we at Supreme Court Cases (SCC) have been culling out interesting and important passages from judgments of the Supreme Court which contain many words of wisdom.

These quotations relate to many aspects of law and life. Some speak of the role of the State and the Judiciary, some comment on individual rights and freedoms, others remark on nation building – Some are idealist, some downright practical. These words by the Supremes will hopefully make millions think.

Having culled these quotes from the judgment we then thought of classifying them by broad topics with a cross referencing system so that readers can look them up from whichever topic that comes to their mind. Cross referencing in this book will also help the reader to get different perspectives of the quote. Also, an effort has been made to further divide the broad topics into sub topics, to make it easier to find the quotation that the reader is looking for, for eg. the topic ‘Supreme Court’ is further sub-divided into ‘Powers of ’, ‘Role of ’ etc.

We have also created an extensive word index by which the quotes which contain a particular word can be found. The Word Index also lists Articles of the Constitution and Sections of Acts and therefore can be really helpful in case the reader wishes to look for an excerpt with respect to a particular provision.

vIII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

We have incorporated a Judge Index by which readers can refer to the quotes of their idol Judges.

We hope that in creating this work, we are able to make the law a little less dreary and those engaged in the study of the law are made to think, reflect and may be follow these little gems.

We also gratefully acknowledge the efforts of legal editors, proof readers, compositors and legal interns who have given their best to this project

—Sumeet Malik

Contents

Topic Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XL

Name Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LV

Table of Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LXV

Quotable Quotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Word Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201

Topic Index

ABANDONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1See WAIVER

ABDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1See LEGISLATURE

ABILITY TO PAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ABOVE THE LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1See RULE OF LAW

ABSCONDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1See EVIDENCE

ABSENCE FROM DUTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2See WAGES

ABSOLUTE POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2See POWERSee also RULE OF LAW

ABUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2See COURTS

ABUSE OF DRUGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

ABUSE OF POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3See ABUSE OF PROCESSSee also ARBITRARINESSSee also CHECKS AND BALANCESSee also CORPORATIONSee also CORRUPTIONSee also FAITHSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICESee also LEGISLATURESee also POLICESee also PUBLIC POWERSee also PUNISHMENT

ABUSE OF PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8See ABUSE OF POWERSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also SUPERIOR COURT

ACCESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

ACCIDENT CLAIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10See SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL

ACCIDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10See NEGLIGENCE

ACCOMMODATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11See URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS

ACCUSED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

See POLICE AUTHORITIESSee also LEGAL AID

ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY . . . . 12See BASIC NEEDSSee also COURTSSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also INDUSTRIALISATIONSee also PROPERTY

ACQUITTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14See MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE

ACT OF STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14See EXERCISE OF POWER

ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Effect of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

ACTS AND OMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15See MINISTER

ADHOC APPOINTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 15ADJOURNMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

See MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE

ADJUDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17See INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACTSee also JUSTICESee also LEGISLATIONSee also NATURAL JUSTICE

ADMINISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17See BIASSee also GOOD GOVERNANCESee also LEGISLATION

ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

See COURTSSee also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also REVISIONSee also SENTENCE

XII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE . . . . . . . 19See ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONSee also ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also CITIZENSee also CODE OF COMPULSORY COSTSSee also CONSISTENCYSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also COURTSSee also ELECTIONSee also ESTOPPELSee also EVIDENCESee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also FAIR CRITICISMSee also HIGH COURTSee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL DECISIONSSee also JUDICIAL PROCESSSee also JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEMSee also LAWSee also LEGISLATURESee also LIBERTYSee also LITIGATIONSee also PRECEDENTSSee also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCESee also PRISONERSSee also PROFESSIONAL ETHICSSee also PROPRIETYSee also PUBLIC POLICYSee also REASONSee also RESPECT FOR LAWSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONSee also SUPERIOR COURTSee also SUPREME COURTSee also UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS

ADMINISTRATION OF STATE . . . . . . . . . 33See CIVIL SERVANTS

ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . 33See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY . . . . . . . 34See DISCRETION

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . 34See JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35See PUBLIC WELFARE

ADMINISTRATION OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . 35See LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . 35See NATURAL JUSTICE

ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS . . . . . . . . . . 35See AMENDMENTS

ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . 36See CIVIL SERVICES

ADMISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36See CONFESSIONSee also CORRUPT PRACTICESSee also DISCRIMINATIONSee also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also RESERVATIONSee also SCHEDULE AND EXCELLENCESee also TEACHER

ADOPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

ADULTERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

ADULTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

ADULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Right of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

ADVERSARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38See LITIGATION

ADVERSE POSSESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38See OWNERSee also PROPERTYSee also PROPERTY RIGHTSSee also UNAUTHORISED OCCUPANTS

ADVERTISEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40See SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

ADVERTISING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40See ECONOMIC SYSTEM

ADVISORY OPINION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

ADVOCACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41See LEGAL PROFESSIONSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

ADVOCATES/LAWYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also APPOINTMENTSSee also BARSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also INTIMIDATION OF JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also LEGAL PROFESSIONSee also PROFESSIONAL ETHICSSee also REPRESENTATION OF PARTIESSee also SOCIAL DUTY

AFFIDAVIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

AFFILIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

TOPIC INDEX XIII

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48See EQUALITYSee also JUSTICESee also SECULARISM

AGENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

AGGRIEVED PERSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

AGRARIAN REFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

AIRWAVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

ALLOTMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50See ELECTION

ALMIGHTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50See JUSTICE

ALTERATION AND MODIFICATION . . . . . 50

ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION . . . 50See ARBITRATION

AMENDMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50See ADMINISTRATIVE POWERSSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONSSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also LAWSee also PARLIAMENTSee also PLEADINGS

ANCIENT MONUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Protection of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

See CULTURAL HERITAGE

ANIMAL WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57See COW SLAUGHTER

ANTHROPOCENTRISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57See ECOCENTRISM

ANTICIPATORY BAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

ANTI-DEFECTION LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

ANTI-DUMPING LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

APOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

APPEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Right of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

See CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also NATURAL JUSTICE

APPELLATE COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

APPELLATE POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

APPLICATION OF MIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

APPOINTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Freedom to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

See ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also CONFIRMATION AND PROBATIONSee also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also GOVERNORSee also JUDGESSee also POLICE

APPORTIONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

APPROPRIATE PUNISHMENT . . . . . . . . 64See CRIME

ARBITRAL ADJUDICATIONS . . . . . . . . . 64

ARBITRARINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65See ABUSE OF POWERSee also EQUALITYSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also GOVERNORSee also REASONSee also REASONABLENESSSee also RULE OF LAW

ARBITRARY ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68See RULE OF LAW

ARBITRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69See CONTRACTSee also ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

ARBITRATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71See JUDGES

ARMED FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

ARREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

ARTISTIC FREEDOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

ASCETICISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Right of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

ASSESSMENT OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

ASSOCIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Right to form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

AUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74See NATURAL RESOURCES

AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . 74See JUDICIARYSee also NATURAL JUSTICESee also RULE OF LAW

AUTHORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77See FAIRNESS IN ACTION

XIV THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

AWARENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77See EDUCATIONSee also INFORMATION

BACK WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78See REINSTATEMENTSee also SERVICE LAW

BACKWARD CLASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78See DISCRIMINATIONSee also RESERVATION

BACKWARDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

BAD FAITH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80See UNREASONABLENESS

BAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80See JUDICIAL DISCRETIONSee also LAWSee also REASONABLENESS

BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE . . . . . . . . . 82See JUSTICE

BALANCE OF POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

BALANCING OF RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

BANISHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83See IMPRISONMENT

BAR AND BENCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83See JUDICIARY

BAR COUNCIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

See PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

See ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

BASIC NEEDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY

BASIC STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86See CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTSee also EQUALITYSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTYSee also PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY

BASIC WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

BELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88See FAITH

BENAMI TRANSACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89See BURDEN OF PROOF

BENAMIDAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89BENEFIT OF DOUBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

See EVIDENCESee also JUSTICESee also PROOF

BENEFITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90See COURTS

BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT . . . . . . . 90See PROOF

BHATHA LAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

See ADMINISTRATION

BLACKLISTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91BOARD OF CONTROL FOR

CRICKET IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91See CORRUPT PRACTICES

BONA FIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92See MEANS AND ENDS

BONDED LABOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92See EQUALITY

BREACH OF DUTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93See RULE OF LAW

BREACH OF TRUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93BREVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

See CARESee also PLEADINGS

BRIBES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93BRIDE BURNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

See COURTSSee also WITNESS

BURDEN OF PROOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94See BENAMI TRANSACTIONSee also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE

BUSINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95See TRADE

CADRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96CAMPUS RIVALRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

See POLITICS

CANDIDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96See ELECTION

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96See REVENUE EXPENDITURE

TOPIC INDEX XV

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96See DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also JUDICIARYSee also LIFE

CAPITATION FEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

See BREVITY

CASH DISCOUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100See TRADE DISCOUNT

CASTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100CASTEISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

See EQUALITYSee also RULE OF LAW

CASUAL LABOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103See TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES

CASUS OMISSUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103CAUSA CAUSANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103CAUSE OF ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103CENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

See CINEMAS

CENSOR BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105See MASS MEDIA

CENSORSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106See PRE-CENSORSHIP

CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSIONER . 107CENTRE-STATE RELATIONSHIP . . . . . . 107CERTAINTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Doctrine of Certainty . . . . . . . . . . . . 109See RULE OF LAWSee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also STABILITY

CERTIORARI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Framing of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

See REVOLUTION

CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . 111See DEMOCRACY

CHARITABLE PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . 111CHARITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111CHECKS AND BALANCES . . . . . . . . . . . 112

See ABUSE OF POWERSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also SEPARATION OF POWER

CHEQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113See DEBT

CHIEF JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

See HIGH COURT

CHIEF MINISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

CHILD VICTIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114See DAMAGES

CHILD WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114See PARENTS

CHILDREN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115See EDUCATIONSee also GUARDIANSHIPSee also PARENTSSee also SEXUAL HARASSMENTSee also SOCIETY

CHIVALRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

CHRONIC DEFAULTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

CINEMAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118See CENSORSee also MASS MEDIA

CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE . . . . . . . 119See CONSPIRACYSee also CRIME

CITIZEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also DEMOCRATIC VALUESSee also FREEDOMSSee also RULE OF LAW

CIVIL LIBERTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE . . . . . . . . . . . 123See NATURAL JUSTICE

CIVIL SERVANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123See ADMINISTRATION OF STATESee also FAIRNESS

CIVIL SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123See ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMSee also EFFICIENCYSee also INTEGRITYSee also RULE OF LAWSee also WELFARE STATE

CIVIL SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

XVI THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

CIVIL TRIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124See DISPUTES

CIVILISATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125See CRIMINAL LAW

CLASS OF CITIZENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

See EQUALITYSee also PUBLIC MISCHIEF

CODE OF COMPULSORY COSTS . . . . . 128See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

CODIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128COGNIZABLE OFFENCES . . . . . . . . . . . 129

See EQUALITY

COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS . . . . . . 129See MAINTENANCE

COLOURABLE EXERCISE OF POWER . . 129COLOURABLE LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . 129COMMERCIAL EXPEDIENCY . . . . . . . . 130

See PAYMENT

COMMISSION OF INQUIRY . . . . . . . . . 130COMMON INTENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

See JOINT LIABILITY

COMMON LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131COMMON SENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132COMMUNAL HARMONY . . . . . . . . . . . 132

See SECULARISM

COMPANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132See PROFITS

COMPASSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133See RULE OF LAWSee also SYMPATHY

COMPASSIONATE APPOINTMENT . . . . 133See EQUALITY

COMPENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133See COURTSSee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also JUDICIAL DISCRETIONSee also MEDICAL NEGLIGENCESee also UNEMPLOYMENTSee also WORKER

COMPETENCY TO CONTRACT . . . . . . . 135COMPETITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135COMPETITION LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

COMPLAINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136COMPULSORY RETIREMENT . . . . . . . . 136COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR

GENERAL OF INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137CONCERN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION

CONCILIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137CONDONATION OF DELAY . . . . . . . . . . 138

See LIMITATION

CONFESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139See ADMISSION

CONFIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139See JUSTICE

CONFIDENTIAL REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . 139See CORRUPTION

CONFIRMATION AND PROBATION . . . . 139See APPOINTMENTS

CONFISCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140See PENALTY

CONJUGAL RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140See MARRIAGE

CONSCIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Freedom of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

See EQUITYSee also RELIGION

CONSIDERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141See CONTRACT

CONSISTENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

CONSPIRACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141See CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCESee also CRIME

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . 142CONSTITUENT POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . 142CONSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Nature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Object of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Abdication of Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Basic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Checks & Balances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Constitution vis-à-vis Statute . . . . . . 157

TOPIC INDEX XVII

CONSTITUTION (contd .)Constitutional Adjudication . . . . . . . 158Constitutional Ideals . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Constitutional Interpretation . . . . . . 159Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Directive Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Duty of Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Duty of State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Exercise of Statutory Powers . . . . . . . 163Exercise of Writ Jurisdiction . . . . . . . 163First Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Fundamental Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Judicial Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Judicial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Legislative Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Power of Governor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Reasonable Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . 169Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Role of Judiciary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Secularism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Separation of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Social Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Social Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Speedy Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Supremacy of Constitution . . . . . . . . 174Will of the People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also AMENDMENTSSee also BASIC STRUCTURESee also CHECKS AND BALANCESSee also CONSTITUTIONAL INJUNCTIONSee also CONVENTIONSSee also COURTSSee also DEMOCRACYSee also ELECTIONSee also EQUALITYSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICESee also LABOUR WELFARESee also LAISSEZ FAIRESee also LAWSee also LEGAL MEANSSee also LEGISLATIVE POWERSSee also PARLIAMENT

CONSTITUTION (contd .)See also POLITICSSee also PREAMBLESee also PRECEDENTSSee also PUNISHMENTSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SECULARISMSee also SEPARATION OF POWERSee also SOCIAL COMMITMENTSee also STATESee also STATUTESee also SUPERIOR COURTSee also SUPREME COURT

CONSTITUTIONAL ADJUDICATION . . . 175CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT . . . . . 175

See BASIC STRUCTURESee also RULE OF LAW

CONSTITUTIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS . 176CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRUCTION . . 176CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS . . . . . . . . . 176

Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

CONSTITUTIONAL ENACTMENT . . . . . 177See FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

CONSTITUTIONAL EXPEDIENCY . . . . . 177See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION

CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT . . . . 177See RULE OF LAW

CONSTITUTIONAL HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . 177CONSTITUTIONAL IDEALS/VALUES . . 178

See PROPERTYSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY . . . . . . . . 179See SECULARISM

CONSTITUTIONAL INJUNCTION . . . . . 179See CONSTITUTION

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . 179See CONVENTIONSSee also COURTSSee also JUDICIAL DISCRETIONSee also NATURAL LAWSee also ORDINARY LAWSee also RULE OF LAWSee also STATE

CONSTITUTIONAL POWER . . . . . . . . . 181See STATUTORY POWER

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS . . . . . 181See AMENDMENTS

XVIII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES . . . . . . . 181See DELAY AND LACHESSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also RIGHT TO INFORMATIONSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONSee also SUPREME COURT

CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINS/RESTRICTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

See POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . 183See SOCIO ECONOMIC RIGHTS

CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS . . . . 183CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . 183

See POLITICSSee also RELIGION

CONSTITUTIONALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184CONSTITUTIONALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

See LAW

CONSUMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184CONSUMER GOODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185CONSUMER WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185CONTEMPT JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . 185

See SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONSee also TRUTH

CONTEMPT OF COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Actual damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Anarchism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Confidence in the Judiciary . . . . . . . 187Contempt by Public officer . . . . . . . . 187Contempt Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Contempt vis-à-vis freedom of

speech and expression . . . . . . . . . . 188Criminal Contempt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Criticism of Judges/Judgments . . . . . 189Defences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Disobedience of Orders . . . . . . . . . . 192Interference in Judicial Proceedings . 194Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Protection to Judges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Reputation of Judges . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Right of Appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Scandalizing Judges/Courts . . . . . . . 196Truth as a Defence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also APPEAL

CONTEMPT OF COURT (contd .)See also CORPORATIONSee also COURTSSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also FAIR CRITICISMSee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also LITIGANTSee also PRESSSee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also SEPARATION OF POWERSee also SPECIAL JURISDICTIONSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

CONTINGENT LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . 198CONTINUING EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . 198

See JUDGES

CONTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Breach of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Enforceability of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Execution of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Freedom of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Restraint of Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

See ARBITRATIONSee also CONSIDERATIONSee also DAMAGESSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also MISTAKE OF LAWSee also PHILANTHROPYSee also PUBLIC POLICYSee also SALES TAXSee also TIME AS THE ESSENCE

CONTRACT LABOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203CONTRACT OF SALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204CONTRACT OF SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . 204

See SUSPEND

CONTRACTUAL APPOINTMENTS . . . . 204CONTROL ON BROADCASTING . . . . . . 204

See SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

CONVENTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205See CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

CONVERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205CONVICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

See TRANSFER

CONVICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Stigma of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . 206

TOPIC INDEX XIX

COPARCENARY PROPERTY . . . . . . . . . 206COPARCENER RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

See PARTITION

COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206See PLAGIARISM

CORPORATE GIANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206See JUSTICE

CORPORATE VEIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206See SOCIAL CONTROL

CORPORATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

See ABUSE OF POWERSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also GOVERNMENTSee also PUBLIC SERVICES

CORROBORATION OF EVIDENCE . . . . . 208See RAPE

CORRUPT PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209See ADMISSIONSee also BOARD OF CONTROL

FOR CRICKET IN INDIASee also COURTSSee also ELECTIONSee also FAIRPLAYSee also POLITICAL PARTIES

CORRUPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212See ABUSE OF POWERSee also CONFIDENTIAL REPORTSSee also COURTSSee also DEMOCRACYSee also DISCRETIONSee also EVILSSee also GOVERNMENT SERVANTSSee also LIBERTYSee also LOKAYUKTASee also POLITICAL EXPEDIENCYSee also PROOFSee also PUBLIC SERVANTSee also PUBLIC SERVICESSee also SOCIAL ORDER

COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219See COURTS

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS . . . . . . . . . . . 219See ACTS AND OMISSIONSSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also MINISTERSee also PRIME MINISTER

COUNCILLOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220See JURISDICTION

COURAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220See FEAR

COURT OF APPEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220See HIGH COURT

COURT PRACTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221COURT PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

See EXEMPLARY COSTS

COURTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Flexible Approach of Court . . . . . . . 240Function of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Hierarchy of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Overburdening of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

See ABUSESee also ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTYSee also ADMINISTRATION OF

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also BENEFITSSee also BRIDE BURNINGSee also COMPENSATIONSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL LAWSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also CORRUPT PRACTICESSee also CORRUPTIONSee also COSTSSee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also CUSTODIAL VIOLENCESee also DECISIONSee also ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGYSee also EQUALITYSee also EVIDENCESee also FAIRNESSSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also GOVERNMENTSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also INJUSTICESee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also INVESTIGATIONSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also JURISDICTIONSee also JUSTICESee also JUVENILITYSee also LAWSee also LEGISLATIONSee also LEGISLATURESee also LIFESee also MORTGAGESee also NEPOTISMSee also PARTIESSee also PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also PLEADINGSSee also PREVENTIVE DETENTIONSee also PROCESSUAL LAWSee also PROOFSee also PROPERTY

XX THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

COURTS (contd .)See also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATIONSee also PUBLIC MORALSSee also PUNISHMENTSee also QUO WARRANTOSee also REPRESENTATIONSee also RESPECT FOR LAWSee also RIGHTSSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SALESee also SELF INCRIMINATINGSee also SENTENCESee also SENTENCING POLICIESSee also SOCIAL NORMSSee also SPECIAL LEAVE PETITIONSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONSee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIALSee also STATUTORY DUTYSee also SUSPENSIONSee also UNAUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS

COW SLAUGHTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244See also ANIMAL WELFARE

CREATION OF GOODWILL . . . . . . . . . . 245CREDIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

See JUSTICESee also PUBLIC CONFIDENCE

CRIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246Capital Punishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247Crimes Against Women . . . . . . . . . . 247Crime Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Crimes Against Public Servant . . . . . 250Crimes by Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250Criminal Jurisprudence . . . . . . . . . . 250Dispensation of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . 251Duty of Administration . . . . . . . . . . 251Essentials of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Imposition of Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . 252Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Sentencing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

See APPROPRIATE PUNISHMENTSee also CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCESee also CONSPIRACYSee also CUSTODIAL DEATHSSee also DETERRENT PUNISHMENTSee also DOWRYSee also DOWRY DEATHSee also EDUCATIONSee also EMERGENCYSee also HUMANITYSee also INDISCRETIONSSee also INVESTIGATIONSee also JUDICIARYSee also JURISPRUDENCE

CRIME (contd .)See also JUSTICESee also MATRIMONIAL DISPUTESSee also OFFENCESee also POLICE REPORTSee also POLITICAL IDEOLOGYSee also PUBLIC ORDERSee also PUBLIC SERVANTSee also PUNISHMENTSee also SENTENCESee also SEXUAL HARASSMENTSee also VIOLENCESee also WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

CRIMINAL ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254CRIMINAL BREACH OF TRUST . . . . . . . 254CRIMINAL CONDUCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

See POLICE

CRIMINAL COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION . . . . . . . . . 254CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE . . . . . . . . 255

See BURDEN OF PROOFSee also EVIDENCESee also FAIRPLAYSee also PROOFSee also REFORMATIVE THEORYSee also SENTENCING POLICIESSee also VICTIMOLOGY

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . 256See COMPENSATIONSee also COURTSSee also CRIMINAL OFFENCESSee also CUSTODIAL INTERROGATIONSee also FAIR TRIALSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATIONSee also INVESTIGATIONSee also JUDGESSee also JUSTICESee also POLICESee also RULE OF LAWSee also SENTENCE

CRIMINAL LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262See CIVILISATIONSee also INVESTIGATIONSee also SENTENCE

CRIMINAL LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262See SENTENCE

CRIMINAL OFFENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263See CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also PRIVILEGES

CRIMINAL PROCEEDING . . . . . . . . . . . 263CRIMINAL TRIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

See CROSS EXAMINATIONSee also JUDGES

TOPIC INDEX XXI

CRIMINALISATION OF POLITICS . . . . . 264See DEMOCRACYSee also VOTER

CRIMINALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264See RELIGION

CRIMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264See JUDGE MADE LAWSee also PENOLOGYSee also PUNISHMENTSee also SENTENCE

CRITICISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266See DECISION

CROSS EXAMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266See CRIMINAL TRIAL

CRUELTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266See MARRIAGE

CULPABLE NEGLIGENCE . . . . . . . . . . . 267CULTURAL HERITAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

See ANCIENT MONUMENTSSee also MINING

CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268See EMPLOYMENT

CUSTODIAL DEATHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268See CRIMESee also LIFESee also POLICE

CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION . . . . . . . 270See CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

CUSTODIAL TORTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270See HUMAN DIGNITY

CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 271See COURTSSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY

CUSTODIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

CUSTOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273See SOURCE OF LAW

CUSTOMARY LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274See SUCCESSION

CYPRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274DAMAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

See CHILD VICTIMSee also CONTRACT

DANCE BARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276See MORALITY

DE FACTO DOCTRINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE . . . . . . . . 277Commutation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

See ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

See also CAPITAL PUNISHMENTSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also JUDGESSee also LEGISLATURESee also LIFESee also PUBLIC WELFARESee also RAREST OF THE RARE CASESee also SENTENCING POLICIESSee also TERRORISM

DEBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284See CHEQUE

DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284See COURTSSee also CRITICISMSee also HUMAN MINDSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also LISSee also PRECEDENTSSee also REASONSee also SENTENCE

DECISION MAKING POWER . . . . . . . . . 286See FAIRPLAYSee also JUSTICE

DECISION MAKING PROCESS . . . . . . . 286See DISCHARGE OF DUTIESSee also EDUCATIONSee also GOVERNMENTSee also TRANSPARENCY

DECLARATION OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . 286See LIQUIDATION COURTSee also LIS

DEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287See INTENTIONSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION

DEFENCE PERSONNEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

DEFENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

DELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288Delay and Laches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Delay in Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

See CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIESSee also EQUITYSee also FAIR TRIALSee also JUSTICESee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEMSee also LIMITATION

XXII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

DELAY (contd .)See also MISTAKESee also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATIONSee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL

DELEGATED LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . . . 291See EXERCISE OF POWERSee also LAISSEZ FAIRESee also PARLIAMENT

DELEGATION OF POWER . . . . . . . . . . . 291

DELIVERY OF POSSESSION . . . . . . . . . 293

DEMOCRACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293See CHANGE IN GOVERNMENTSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CORRUPTIONSee also CRIMINALISATION OF POLITICSSee also ELECTIONSee also EQUALITYSee also FRATERNITYSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also INDIASee also RIGHT TO INFORMATIONSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also LEGISLATURESee also NOTASee also PANCHAYATSee also PARTICIPATESee also PLEASURE, DOCTRINE OFSee also POWERSee also PUBLIC ETHICSSee also RELIGIONSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SECULARISMSee also SEPARATION OF POWERSee also SOCIAL ORDERSee also TERRORISMSee also VOTING RIGHT

DEMOCRATIC FORM OF GOVERNMENT 306

DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . 306See HAPPINESSSee also HUMAN WELFARE

DEMOCRATIC VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306See CITIZEN

DEMOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306See RESERVATION

DEMONSTRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307See STRIKE

DENUNCIATORY THEORY . . . . . . . . . . 307See PUNISHMENT

DESERTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

DETENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307See PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also REPRESENTATIONSee also WRITS

DETENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

DETERMINATION OF LIABILITY . . . . . . 308

DETERRENCE THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . 309See RASH AND NEGLIGENT ACT

DETERRENT PUNISHMENT . . . . . . . . . 309See CRIME

DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309See HUMAN RIGHTSSee also INDIASee also LAWSee also MISUSESee also PROGRESS

DEVELOPMENTAL LEGISLATION . . . . . 311

DIFFERENCES OF DEGREES . . . . . . . . . 311

DIGNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311See DISCIPLINESee also LIFESee also PERSONAL LIBERTY

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . 312See EQUALITYSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also STATESee also SUPREME COURT

DIRECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314Obligations of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

DISCHARGE OF DUTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 315See DECISION MAKING PROCESSSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION

DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 315See JUDICIAL SERVICES

DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . 316

DISCIPLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316See DIGNITYSee also DISMISSAL FROM SERVICESee also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also EMPLOYEESee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also MISCONDUCTSee also MORALESee also PERSONAL LIBERTY

DISCREPANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

TOPIC INDEX XXIII

DISCRETION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317See ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITYSee also CORRUPTIONSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also PREROGATIVESee also SOCIAL ORDER

DISCRETIONARY POWER . . . . . . . . . . 317See EQUALITYSee also RULE AGAINST BIAS

DISCRIMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318See ADMISSIONSee also BACKWARD CLASSSee also EQUALITYSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also REASONABLE CLASSIFICATIONSee also RESERVATIONSee also STATE LARGESSE

DISMISSAL FROM SERVICE . . . . . . . . . 320See DISCIPLINESee also ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

DISOBEDIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320DISPENSATION OF JUSTICE . . . . . . . . 321

See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also JUDICIAL PROCESSSee also STATE

DISPLACEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321See REPEAL

DISPUTE RESOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . 321DISPUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

See CIVIL TRIALSee also OBEDIENCE

DISSOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Of Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Of Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

See ELECTIONSee also POLITICAL EXPEDIENCYSee also RECONSTITUTION

DISTRIBUTION OF OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

See STATE

DISTRIBUTION OF POWER . . . . . . . . . 323DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES . . . . . . 323DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

See TAX

DIVORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324See MARRIAGE

DOCTRINE OF IMPLICATION . . . . . . . . 324DOCTRINE OF PIERCING THE VEIL . . . 325

DONATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325See GIFT

DOWRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326See CRIME

DOWRY DEATH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326See CRIMESee also MARRIAGE

DRAFTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327DRUG TRAFFICKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327DUAL RESPONSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

See PUBLIC SERVANT

DUE PROCESS OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . 328See PUNISHMENT

DUTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328Performance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

See RIGHTS

DYING DECLARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329EASEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330ECOCENTRISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

See ANTHROPOCENTRISM

ECOLOGICAL BALANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 330See WILDLIFE PROTECTION

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331ECONOMIC JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . 332

See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

ECONOMIC INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332See SCAMS

ECONOMIC NEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332See PROPERTY

ECONOMIC OFFENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332See MORAL TURPITUDE

ECONOMIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333See ADVERTISING

EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Education System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

See AWARENESSSee also CHILDRENSee also CRIMESee also DECISION MAKING PROCESSSee also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also EQUALITY

XXIV THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

EDUCATION (contd .)See also EXAMINATIONSee also EXCELLENCESee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INDUSTRYSee also INFORMATIONSee also INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIESSee also JUDICIARYSee also LEGAL SYSTEMSee also MINORITY INSTITUTIONSSee also POVERTYSee also RELIGIONSee also RESERVATIONSee also RIGHT TO KNOWSee also SECULARISMSee also STATESee also TEACHERSee also UNIFORMITY

EDUCATIONAL BACKWARDNESS . . . . 347See SOCIAL BACKWARDNESS

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS . . . . . . . 347See ADMISSIONSee also APPOINTMENTSSee also DISCIPLINESee also EDUCATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also QUASHING OF ADMISSIONSSee also RECOGNITIONSee also SECULARISM

EFFICIENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350See CIVIL SERVICES

EJUSDEM GENERIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351ELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352Corrupt Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353Democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354Democratic Government . . . . . . . . . 354Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Election Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Election Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356Election Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356Election Petition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358Election Poll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360Election Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360Electoral Disputes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362Electoral Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Electorate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Free and Fair Elections . . . . . . . . . . . 364Improper Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366Proportional Representation . . . . . . . 366Qualification of Candidate . . . . . . . . 367Right to Contest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

ELECTION (contd .)Secrecy of Ballot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Undue Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368Will of People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ALLOTMENTSee also CANDIDATESee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CORRUPT PRACTICESSee also DEMOCRACYSee also DISSOLUTIONSee also DISSOLUTION OF ASSEMBLYSee also ELECTIONSee also EVIDENCESee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also GOVERNMENT CONTRACTSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also NOTASee also PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATIONSee also REMOVAL FROM OFFICESee also RE-POLLSee also SECRECYSee also SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYSee also UNDUE INFLUENCESee also VIGILANCESee also VOTE

ELECTION COMMISSION . . . . . . . . . . . 368Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

See MALPRACTICES

ELECTORAL COLLEGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369See PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE . . . . . . . . 370ELIGIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

See MEMBERS OF COURTS/TRIBUNAL

EMERGENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370See CRIMESee also EXECUTIVE ACTION

EMERGENCY PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . 371EMPLOYEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Conduct of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372Transfer of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

See DISCIPLINESee also WORK

EMPLOYER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372See LABOUR LAWSee also WORKER

EMPLOYMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373See CULTURESee also EQUALITYSee also INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESee also STATE

TOPIC INDEX XXV

ENCOUNTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374See POLICE

ENCROACHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375ENDOWMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . 375

See LIMITATION

ENMITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375ENTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . 376

See COURTSSee also DISMISSAL FROM SERVICESee also ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSee also ILLEGAL CONSTRUCTIONSee also MININGSee also NUCLEAR ENERGYSee also PROPORTIONALITYSee also PUBLIC TRUSTSee also RIGHTS AND DUTIESSee also SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSee also UNIVERSAL HUMAN DEPENDENCE

ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION . . . . . . 380See MINING

EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK . . . . . . 380See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAWS . . . . . . 381See EQUALITY

EQUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382Absolute Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Absolute Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Admission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390Affirmative Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390Allotment of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Arbitrariness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392Bonded Labour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392Casteless and Classless Society . . . . . 393Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Distribution of Natural Resources . . 394Equal Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394Equal Pay for Equal Work . . . . . . . . 396Equality and Excellence . . . . . . . . . . 396Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Of Status and Opportunity . . . . . . . 397Precedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Reasonable Classification . . . . . . . . . 401Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402Role of Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

EQUALITY (contd .)Rule of Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404United Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

See AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONSee also ARBITRARINESSSee also BASIC STRUCTURESee also BONDED LABOURSee also CASTEISMSee also CLASSIFICATIONSee also COGNIZABLE OFFENCESSee also COMPASSIONATE APPOINTMENTSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also COURTSSee also DEMOCRACYSee also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLESSee also DISCRETIONARY POWERSee also DISCRIMINATIONSee also EDUCATIONSee also EMPLOYMENTSee also EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAWSSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also EXPERIENCESee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also GOOD GOVERNANCESee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also MINORITY RIGHTSSee also MORALITYSee also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCESee also PROMOTIONSee also REASONABLE CLASSIFICATIONSee also RESERVATIONSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SECULARISMSee also SENIORITY-CUM-MERITSee also TAX LAWSSee also UNIFORMITY

EQUALITY AND LIBERTY . . . . . . . . . . . 405EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY . . . . . . . 405

See EXPRESSIONSee also PUBLIC EMPLOYMENTSee also RESERVATION

EQUITABLE CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . 405See INDIVIDUALISATION OF JUSTICESee also PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT

EQUITABLE PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . 405EQUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

See CONSCIENCESee also DELAYSee also JURISDICTIONSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also NON-DISCRIMINATION

ESTABLISHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407ESTOPPEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

XXVI THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

ETHICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

EUTHANASIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

EVE TEASING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409See HARASSMENT

EVICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

EVIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409Admissibility of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414Appreciation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

See ABSCONDINGSee also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also BENEFIT OF DOUBTSee also COURTSSee also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCESee also ELECTIONSee also OFFENCESee also ONUS PROBANDISee also PLEADINGSSee also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCESee also RECITALS IN BOOKSSee also SUPERVISORY JURISDICTION

EVILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414See CORRUPTION

EXAMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414See EDUCATIONSee also RECORDS

EXCELLENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415See EDUCATION

EXCEPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

EXCISE DUTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

EXECUTION COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

EXECUTIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

See EXERCISE OF POWERSee also MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC

EXECUTIVE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416See EMERGENCYSee also MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC

EXECUTIVE POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

EXEMPLARY COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417See COURT PROCEEDINGS

EXEMPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

EXERCISE OF POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTYSee also ACT OF STATESee also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also AMENDMENTS

EXERCISE OF POWER (contd .)See also ARBITRARINESSSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also COUNCIL OF MINISTERSSee also DELEGATED LEGISLATIONSee also DISCRETIONSee also EQUALITYSee also EXECUTIVESee also FUNDAMENTAL DUTIESSee also GOVERNMENT SERVANTSSee also JUDICIAL DISCRETIONSee also JUDICIARYSee also MALICESee also MISFEASANCE IN PUBLICSee also PARLIAMENTSee also PUBLIC FUNCTIONARIESSee also REASONABLENESSSee also RULE OF LAWSee also STATESee also STATUTORY BODIESSee also TREATYSee also WITNESS

EXERCISE OF RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

EXPECTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429See TIME

EXPERIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430See EQUALITY

EXPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430See EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYSee also OPEN CRITICISMSee also RESTRICTION

EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION . . . . . . 430EXTRA TERRITORIAL PRIVILEGES . . . 430EXTRADITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431FAIR CRITICISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CONTEMPT OF COURT

FAIR HEARING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432See NATURAL JUSTICE

FAIR PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432See FAIRNESS

FAIR TRIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432See CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also DELAYSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUSTICESee also LEGAL AIDSee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICESee also PLEADINGSSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL

TOPIC INDEX XXVII

FAIRNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435See CIVIL SERVANTSSee also COURTSSee also FAIRPLAYSee also FAIR PROCEDURESee also JUSTICESee also NATURAL JUSTICESee also PARTITIONSee also PUBLIC INTEREST

FAIRNESS IN ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437See AUTHORITY

FAIRPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437See CORRUPT PRACTICESSee also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCESee also DECISION MAKING POWERSee also FAIRNESSSee also JUSTICESee also NATURAL JUSTICE

FAITH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438See ABUSE OF POWERSee also BELIEF

FAMILY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438See NATIONAL POLICY

FARMER SUICIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

FATWA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

FEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439See COURAGE

FEDERALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

FEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440See TAX

FEMALE FOETICIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441See WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

FICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

FIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442See SOCIAL EVILSee also TITLES

FINANCIAL SWINDLERS . . . . . . . . . . . 442See STATE

FINALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443See INTEREST REIPUBLICAE

UT SIT FINIS LITIUM

FINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

FIRM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444See PARTNERSHIP

FIRST INFORMATION REPORT . . . . . . . 445

FISCAL LAWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

FOOD ADULTERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

FOREIGN EXCHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

FOREIGN INVESTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447See RULE OF LAW

FOREIGN JUDGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

FORGED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447See WILL

FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION . . . 447

FRATERNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448See DEMOCRACY

FRAUD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448See FRAUS ET JUS NUNQUAM COHABITANTSee also JUSTICESee also MARRIAGE

FRAUS ET JUS NUNQUAM COHABITANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

See FRAUDSee also JUSTICE

FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . 449See PROMOTION

FREE MARKET ECONOMY . . . . . . . . . . 449

FREE SPEECH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449See PRESS

FREEDOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450Freedom vis-à-vis order . . . . . . . . . . . 451Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

See CITIZENSee also HUMAN PERSONALITYSee also JUSTICESee also LIBERTYSee also REASONABLE RESTRICTIONSSee also RIGHTSSee also STATE

FRIVOLOUS LITIGANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . 453See COURTSSee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also dISCHARGE OF DUTIESSee also LIBERTYSee also LITIGIOUSNESSSee also POLITICAL BATTLESee also PROFESSIONAL ETHICSSee also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATIONSee also STATESee also SUPREME COURT

FULL FAITH AND CREDIT . . . . . . . . . . . 458

XXVIII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 458See CONSTITUTIONAL ENACTMENTSee also EXERCISE OF POWER

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . 459See ABUSE OF POWERSee also BASIC STRUCTURESee also CIVIL LIBERTYSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIESSee also COURTSSee also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also DEMOCRACYSee also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLESSee also EDUCATIONSee also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also ELECTIONSee also EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORKSee also EQUALITYSee also EXERCISE OF RIGHTSSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also JUDGESSee also LAISSEZ FAIRESee also LAWSee also LIBERTYSee also LICENCED ACTSSee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also LIFESee also LIVELIHOODSee also MINORITY INSTITUTIONSSee also NATURAL JUSTICESee also PARTIESSee also POLITICAL PARTIESSee also PRIVACYSee also PROPERTYSee also PUBLIC MEETINGSee also RATIONALITYSee also REASONABLENESSSee also RELIEF/REMEDYSee also RIGHTSSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SEXUAL HARASSMENTSee also SHAREHOLDERSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONSee also STATESee also SUPERIOR COURTSee also SUPREME COURTSee also TERRORISM

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . 474

FUTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474See LEGAL HISTORY

GAMBLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475See LOTTERY

GENDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475Gender Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . 475Gender Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476Gender Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

GENDER (contd .)Gender Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476Gender Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

See JUDICIAL REVIEW

GENERALATIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478GIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

See DONATION

GO SLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478See MISCONDUCT

GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478GOLDEN RULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478


GOODWILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479GOOD GOVERNANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

See ADMINISTRATIONSee also EQUALITYSee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also STATE

GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483Government Department . . . . . . . . . 485Government Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486Governmental Decisions . . . . . . . . . 486Obligation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

See CORPORATIONSee also COURTSSee also DECISION MAKING PROCESSSee also GROWTH OF POPULATIONSee also PRICE CONTROLSee also PUBLIC BODYSee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also PUBLIC WELFARESee also RESPECT FOR LAWSee also REVENUESee also REVENUE EXPENDITURESee also RULE AGAINST BIASSee also RULE OF LAWSee also STATESee also TAX ADMINISTRATIONSee also VIOLENCESee also WELFARE STATE

GOVERNMENT CONTRACT . . . . . . . . . 487See ELECTION

GOVERNMENT SERVANTS . . . . . . . . . . 487See CORRUPTIONSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also RESIGNATIONSee also RETIREMENT

TOPIC INDEX XXIX

GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES . . . . . 488See PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION

GOVERNOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Appointment of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

See APPOINTMENTSSee also ARBITRARINESS

GRANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491See PUBLIC INTEREST

GRANT OF PERMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491GRATUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491GRAVEYARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

See MUSLIM LAW

GREED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492GROWTH OF POPULATION . . . . . . . . . 492

See GOVERNMENT

GUARANTEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492GUARDIANS OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492GUARDIANSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

See CHILDREN

HABEAS CORPUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493See WRITS

HANDCUFFING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495See PRISONERS

HAPPINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497See HUMAN WELFARESee also DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

HARASSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497See EVE TEASING

HARDSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498See TRUISM

HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIES . . . . . . . . . 498HEADMASTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

See SCHOOL

HEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499See STANDARDS

HERITAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499HIGH COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CHIEF JUSTICE

HIGH COURT (contd .)See also COURT OF APPEALSee also JURISDICTIONSee also JUSTICESee also LEGISLATURESee also MANDAMUSSee also PROMOTION

HINDU COPARCENARY . . . . . . . . . . . . 504HINDU JOINT FAMILY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

See OWNERSHIPSee also PARTNERSHIP

HINDU LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505See JURISPRUDENCE

HINDU MARRIAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506HINDUISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506HIRE PURCHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507HOLDING OF OFFICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507HOLIDAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507HONOUR KILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

See KHAP PANCHAYATS

HOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509HOUSING SHORTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509HUMAN AFFAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510HUMAN DIGNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

See CUSTODIAL TORTURESee also LIBERTY, EQUALITY AND FRATERNITYSee also LIFESee also STATE

HUMAN INGENUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511HUMAN LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

See LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY

HUMAN MEMORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512HUMAN MIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

See DECISION

HUMAN PERSONALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . 513See FREEDOMS

HUMAN RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513See COURTSSee also CUSTODIAL VIOLENCESee also DEVELOPMENTSee also DISCRIMINATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also JUDICIAL RESPONSESee also LIFESee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY

XXX THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

HUMAN RIGHTS (contd .)See also POVERTYSee also PROPERTYSee also RELIGION

HUMAN WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516See DEMOCRATIC SOCIETYSee also HAPPINESS

HUMANITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516See CRIME

HUSBAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

IDOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

IGNORANTIA JURIS NON EX CUSAT . . 517See LAW

ILLEGAL CONFINEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 517

ILLEGAL CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . 517See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

ILLEGAL MIGRANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517See RIGHT TO LIFE AND PROPERTY

IMMUNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

IMPRISONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518See BANISHMENT

INEQUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519See TAX

INCOME TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

INCORPORATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

INCUMBENT OF HIGH OFFICE . . . . . . . 520Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

INCUMBRANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520See LIABILITY

INDEPENDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY . . . . . . 521See ABUSE OF POWERSee also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also DEMOCRACYSee also DISPENSATION OF JUSTICESee also RIGHT TO INFORMATIONSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL DECISIONSSee also LEGAL CERTAINITYSee also MASTER-SERVANT RELATIONSHIPSee also PUBLIC PROSECUTORSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SUPERIOR COURT

INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530See DEMOCRACYSee also DEVELOPMENTSee also RULE OF LAW

INDIAN MUSLIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

INDIGENT WORKMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531See LITIGATION

INDISCRETIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531See CRIME

INDIVIDUALISATION OF JUSTICE . . . . 531See EQUITABLE CONSIDERATIONSSee also PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT

INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531See EMPLOYMENT

INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT . . . . . . . . . 532See ADJUDICATIONSee also JUSTICE

INDUSTRIAL JURISPRUDENCE . . . . . . 532

INDUSTRIAL LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533See LAWSee also SOCIAL JUSTICE

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONSHIP . . . . . . . . 533

INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS . . . . . . . . . . 534See JURISDICTIONSee also LABOUR COURT

INDUSTRIALISATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY

INDUSTRIALIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

INDUSTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535See EDUCATION

INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535See AWARENESSSee also EDUCATION

INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES . . . . . 536See EDUCATION

INJUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536See UBERIMMA FIDES

INJUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536See COURTSSee also SUPREME COURT

INSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

INSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

INTEGRITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537See CIVIL SERVICES

TOPIC INDEX XXXI

INTENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538See DEED

INTER-CASTE MARRIAGE . . . . . . . . . . 538INTEREST REIPUBLICAE UT SIT

FINIS LITIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538See FINALITY

INTERIM RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538See WRIT COURT

INTERLOCUTORY ORDER . . . . . . . . . . 538Violation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

INTERNATIONAL PEACE . . . . . . . . . . . 539See SECURITYSee also TERRORISM

INTERNATIONALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539See TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION

INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION . . . 539See CONCERNSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL EXPEDIENCYSee also COURTSSee also DEEDSee also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLESSee also ELECTIONSee also FAIR TRIALSee also GOLDEN RULESee also JUDGMENTSee also JUDICIAL CERTAINTYSee also JUDICIAL PROCESSSee also JUDICIARYSee also JURISPRUDENCESee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also LEGAL FICTIONSee also LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCESee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also PLEADINGSSee also PRECEDENTSSee also PUBLIC PURPOSESee also PUBLIC WELFARESee also RELIGIONSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SECULARISMSee also STATUTESee also SUE

INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES . . . . . 560See JURISPRUDENCESee also LEGISLATURE

INTIMIDATION OF JUDGES . . . . . . . . . 567See ADVOCATES/LAWYERS

INTOXICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567See JUSTICESee also STATE

INVESTIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568Role of Investigating Agency . . . . . . 571

See COURTSSee also CRIMESee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also CRIMINAL LAWSee also POLICE

INVESTOR PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . 571

JAILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

JOINT FAMILY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572See PARTNERSHIP

JOINT FAMILY PROPERTY . . . . . . . . . . 572

JOINT HINDU FAMILY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

JOINT LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573See COMMON INTENTION

JOINT OWNERSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573See PARTITION

JOURNALIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574See NEWS

JUDGE MADE LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574See CRIMINOLOGY

JUDGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574Accountability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577Appointment of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577Conduct of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578Judicial Activism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585Judicial Decorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587Judicial Discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588Judicial Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Judicial Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590Qualifications of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also APPOINTMENTSSee also ARBITRATORSee also CONTINUING EDUCATIONSee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also CRIMINAL TRIALSee also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also JUDGMENTSee also JUDICIAL ACCOUNTABILITYSee also JUDICIAL CONDUCTSee also JUDICIAL LEGISLATIONSee also JUDICIAL SERVICES

XXXII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

JUDGES (contd .)See also JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also LIBERTYSee also NATURAL JUSTICESee also PROCESSUAL JUSTICESee also PROFESSIONAL ETHICSSee also PROPRIETYSee also PUBLIC DUTIESSee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also PUBLIC PROSECUTORSee also RIGHTSSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SENTENCESee also SOCIAL ENGINEERINGSee also STARE DECISISSee also TRIAL

JUDGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUDGESSee also RATIO DECIDENDISee also RULE OF LAW

JUDGMENT WRITING . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597JUDICIAL CERTAINTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597


JUDICIAL CHOICE-MAKING . . . . . . . . . 598JUDICIAL CONDUCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

See JUDGES

JUDICIAL CONSCIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 598See MORALITY

JUDICIAL CONSISTENCY . . . . . . . . . . . 598See PRECEDENTS

JUDICIAL DECENTRALIZATION . . . . . . 599JUDICIAL DECISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY

JUDICIAL DISCRETION . . . . . . . . . . . . 600See BAILSee also COMPENSATIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL LAWSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also JUDICIAL ENTHUSIASMSee also JUSTICESee also SOCIAL JUSTICE

JUDICIAL ENTHUSIASM . . . . . . . . . . . 602See JUDICIAL DISCRETION

JUDICIAL EXPANSIONISM . . . . . . . . . . 602JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

See ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS

JUDICIAL INTERFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . 603

JUDICIAL LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 603See JUDGES

JUDICIAL METAPHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . 604JUDICIAL NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

See PROOF

JUDICIAL POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605See JUSTICE

JUDICIAL POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605See NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

JUDICIAL PROCEEDING . . . . . . . . . . . . 606See REASONED DECISION

JUDICIAL PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also DISPENSATION OF JUSTICESee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also LIBERTYSee also LIFESee also PENOLOGYSee also RESPECT FOR LAWSee also SECULARISM

JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS . . . . . . 608JUDICIAL PRUDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608JUDICIAL REALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609JUDICIAL RESPONSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

See also HUMAN RIGHTS

JUDICIAL RESTRAINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609JUDICIAL REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

See BASIC STRUCTURESee also CONTRACTSee also COURTSSee also DECISIONSee also GENDERSee also JUDICIARYSee also PUNISHMENTSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SENTENCESee also SEPARATION OF POWERSee also STRUCTURE

JUDICIAL SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615See DISCIPLINARY ACTIONSSee also JUDGES

JUDICIAL SIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615JUDICIAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

See ABUSE OF PROCESSSee also ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also BASIC STRUCTURESee also CONSTITUTIONSee also DEMOCRACYSee also DISCIPLINESee also JUSTICE

TOPIC INDEX XXXIII

JUDICIAL SYSTEM (contd .)See also LAWSee also RULE OF LAW

JUDICIAL TEMPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616JUDICIAL TRIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

See RELIEF/REMEDY

JUDICIAL VACILLATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 617JUDICIARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also AUDI ALTERAM PARTEMSee also BAR AND BENCHSee also CAPITAL PUNISHMENTSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also CRIMESee also EDUCATIONSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also JUSTICESee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEMSee also LAWSee also NATURAL JUSTICESee also RULE OF LAWSee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL

JUDICIARY VIS-À-VIS LEGISLATURE . . 634JURIDICAL ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . 634JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

See COUNCILLORSee also COURTSSee also EQUITYSee also HIGH COURTSee also INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALSSee also JUSTICESee also SEARCH AND SEIZURE

JURISPRUDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636See CRIMESee also HINDU LAWSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also MUSLIM LAWSee also SOCIETYSee also SOCIO ECONOMIC JUSTICESee also STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION

JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638Credibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Duty of Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647Exercise of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

JUSTICE (contd .)Finality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653Independence of Judiciary . . . . . . . . 654Judicial Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654Judicial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654Respect for Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654Rules of Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

See ABUSE OF POWERSee also ADJUDICATIONSee also ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONSee also ALMIGHTYSee also BALANCE OF CONVENIENCESee also BENEFIT OF DOUBTSee also CONFIDENCESee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also CORPORATE GIANTSSee also COURTSSee also CREDIBILITYSee also CRIMESee also CRIMINAL CONTEMPTSee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also DECISION MAKING POWERSee also DELAYSee also DEMOCRACYSee also EQUALITYSee also EQUITYSee also FAIR TRIALSee also FAIRNESSSee also FAIRPLAYSee also FRAUDSee also FRAUS ET JUS NUNQUAM COHABITANTSee also FREEDOMSSee also HIGH COURTSee also INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACTSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also INTOXICATIONSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL DISCRETIONSee also JUDICIAL POLICYSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also JUDICIARYSee also JURISDICTIONSee also JURISPRUDENCESee also LAWSee also LAW’S DELAYSSee also LEGISLATIONSee also LEGISLATURESee also LOCUS STANDISee also MERCYSee also PENOLOGYSee also PREJUDICESee also PRISONERSSee also PROOFSee also PUBLIC CONFIDENCESee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATIONSee also PUNISHMENTSee also RELIEF/REMEDYSee also RIGHTS

XXXIV THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

JUSTICE (contd .)See also RULE OF LAWSee also RULES OF PROCEDURESee also SENTENCESee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIALSee also SUPREME COURTSee also SUSPICIONSee also SYMPATHYSee also TECHNICALITIESSee also TRUTHSee also UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS

JUSTICE DELAYED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM . . . . 658

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also DELAYSee also JUDICIARYSee also RATIO DECIDENDISee also RULE OF LAWSee also SENTENCESee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also SYMPATHY

JUVENILE DELINQUENTS . . . . . . . . . . 659JUVENILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

See COURTS

KHAP PANCHAYATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661See HONOUR KILLING

KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661LABOUR COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

See INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS

LABOUR LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662See EMPLOYERSee also WORKER

LABOUR PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662LABOUR WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

See CONSTITUTION

LAISSEZ FAIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663See CONSTITUTIONSee also DELEGATED LEGISLATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

LAND ACQUISITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664See SOLATIUM

LAND REFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665LANDLORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

See PROPERTY

LANDLORD-TENANT RELATIONSHIP . . 666LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Constitutionality of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690Development of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

LAW (contd .)Enactment of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691Enforcement of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692Profession of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ADMINISTRATION OF LAWSee also ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also AMENDMENTSSee also BAILSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONALITYSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also COURTSSee also DEMOCRACYSee also DEVELOPMENTSee also EQUALITYSee also EQUITYSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also IGNORANTIA JURIS NON EX CUSATSee also INDUSTRIAL LAWSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also JUDICIARYSee also JURISPRUDENCESee also JUSTICESee also LEGAL ORDERSee also LEGISLATURESee also LEGITIMACYSee also LIABILITYSee also LIFESee also MISTAKESee also MORALITYSee also PRISONSee also PRIVILEGESSee also PUNISHMENTSee also PUNITIVE DETENTIONSee also QUALIFICATIONSee also SENTENCESee also SOCIAL CHANGESee also SOCIAL ENGINEERINGSee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also SOCIAL LEGITIMACYSee also SPECIAL TREATMENTSee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIALSee also STARE DECISISSee also SUPREME COURTSee also TRUTHSee also WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

LAW AND EQUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693LAW AND MORALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693LAW AND ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

See PUBLIC ORDER

LAW OFFICERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694See LIBERTY

LAW’S DELAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694See JUSTICESee also LEGAL INSTRUMENTSee also PROCEDURAL LAW

TOPIC INDEX XXXV

LAWFUL POSSESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . 694

LAWFUL TRADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

LEARNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

LEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695See LICENCESee also MORTGAGESee also TENANCY

LEAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

LEGAL AID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696See ACCUSEDSee also FAIR TRIAL

LEGAL CERTAINITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY

LEGAL COUNSEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697See PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

LEGAL FICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION

LEGAL HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698See FUTURE

LEGAL INSTRUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698See LAW’S DELAYS

LEGAL INSTRUMENTALITY . . . . . . . . . 698See RULE OF LAW

LEGAL MALICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698

LEGAL MAXIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

LEGAL MEANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699See CONSTITUTIONSee also TERRORISM

LEGAL NECESSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

LEGAL ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700See LAW

LEGAL PREDICTABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . 700

LEGAL PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

LEGAL PROFESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700See ADVOCACYSee also ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

LEGAL PROOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702

LEGAL RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702Infringement of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

LEGAL SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

LEGAL SOVEREIGNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

LEGAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703See EDUCATION

LEGALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704See LEGISLATION

LEGALLY PROTECTED INTEREST . . . . 704See RIGHTS

LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704See ADJUDICATIONSee also ADMINISTRATIONSee also COURTSSee also JUSTICESee also LEGALISMSee also WELFARE STATE

LEGISLATIVE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE . . . . . . . . 707See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also RETROSPECTIVE ENACTMENT

LEGISLATIVE POWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . 707See CONSTITUTION

LEGISLATIVE PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

LEGISLATIVE SCHEME . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708See MEANS AND ENDS

LEGISLATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710Function of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711Legislature vis-à-vis Judiciary . . . . . . 711Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714

See ABDICATIONSee also ABUSE OF POWERSee also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also COURTSSee also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also DEMOCRACYSee also HIGH COURTSee also INTERPRETATION OF STATUTESSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also MONETARY LAWSSee also PARLIAMENTSee also PUNISHMENTSee also RATESSee also STATUTESee also STRICT SECURITY TESTSee also TAX

LEGITIMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716See LAW

LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION . . . . . . . . . 716See PROMISSORY ESTOPPELSee also PUBLIC INTEREST

XXXVI THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

LESSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716See SALAMI

LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717See INCUMBRANCESee also LAW

LIBERALISATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717See SOCIALISM

LIBERTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CORRUPTIONSee also FREEDOMSSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL PROCESSSee also LAW OFFICERSSee also LIFESee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also POWERSee also PREVENTIVE DETENTIONSee also PRIVILEGESSee also PROPERTYSee also PUBLIC HEALTHSee also RIGHTSSee also SEPARATION OF POWERSee also SOCIAL INTERESTSee also UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS

LIBERTY, EQUALITY AND FRATERNITY 723See HUMAN DIGNITY

LICENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723See NATURAL RESOURCESSee also LEASE

LICENCED ACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also NUISANCE

LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

See ADMINISTRATIVE LIQUIDATIONSee also CAPITAL PUNISHMENTSee also COURTSSee also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also DIGNITYSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also HUMAN DIGNITYSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also JUDICIAL PROCESSSee also LAWSee also LIBERTYSee also PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also PROPERTY RIGHTSSee also RAPESee also SEXUAL HARASSMENTSee also SHELTERSee also SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE

LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY . . . . . . 731Nature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734

See CUSTODIAL VIOLENCESee also FAIR TRIALSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also HUMAN LIFESee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also LIBERTYSee also NATURAL RIGHTSSee also NON-BAILABLE WARRANTSee also RIGHTS

LIKE WITH LIKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735LIMITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

See CONDONATION OF DELAYSee also DELAYSee also ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTSSee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also STATUTE

LIMITATION ON EXERCISE OF POWER 737LIQUIDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737LIQUIDATION COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737

See DECLARATION OF LAW

LIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738See DECISIONSee also DECLARATION OF LAW

LIS PENDENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739LITERACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739LITIGANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740

Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740See CONTEMPT OF COURT

LITIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740Expeditious Disposal of . . . . . . . . . . 742

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ADVERSARY SYSTEMSee also INDIGENT WORKMENSee also PUBLIC WELFARESee also RULE OF LAW

LITIGIOUSNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743See FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION

LIVE-IN-RELATIONSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . 743LIVELIHOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744

See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also LIVING STANDARD

LIVING STANDARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744See LIVELIHOOD

LIVING WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745See MINIMUM WAGE

TOPIC INDEX XXXVII

LOAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745Duty of citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

LOCAL AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745LOCK OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745LOCUS STANDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

See JUSTICE

LOK SABHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747See RAJYA SABHA

LOKAYUKTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747See CORRUPTION

LOTTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748See GAMBLING

MAGISTRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

See COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS

MALA FIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749MALICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

See EXERCISE OF POWER

MALICE IN LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750See STATE

MALPRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750See ELECTION COMMISSION

MANDAMUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751See HIGH COURT

MARKET ABUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751MARKET VALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752

See PRICE

MARRIAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752Duty of husband . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756

See CONJUGAL RIGHTSSee also CRUELTYSee also DIVORCESee also DOWRY DEATHSee also FRAUDSee also MUSLIM LAW

MARUMAKKATTAYAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757MASS MEDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757

See CENSOR BOARDSee also CINEMAS

MASTER-SERVANT RELATIONSHIP . . . 757See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY

MATERNITY RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES . . . . . . . . . . 758

See CRIME

MATRIMONIAL LITIGATION . . . . . . . . . 759MATTER IN ISSUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

See RES JUDICATA

MEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759MEANS AND ENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760

See BONA FIDESee also LEGISLATIVE SCHEME

MEASURE OF NATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 760See PRISONERS

MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA . . . . . . . . 760MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 761

See COMPENSATION

MEDICAL PROFESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . 761See MERIT

MEDICINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762MEMBERS OF COURTS/TRIBUNAL . . . 763

See ELIGIBILITY

MEMBERSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763See POLITICAL PARTIES

MERCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763See JUSTICE

MERIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764See MEDICAL PROFESSION

MINERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765MINIMUM WAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

See LIVING WAGE

MINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765See CULTURAL HERITAGESee also ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGYSee also ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION

MINISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766

See ACTS AND OMISSIONSSee also COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

MINORITY INSTITUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . 767See EDUCATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

MINORITY RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767See EQUALITY

MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . 770See ACQUITTALSee also ADJOURNMENTSSee also FAIR TRIALSee also SUPREME COURTSee also WRONGFUL ACQUITTALS

XXXVIII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

MISCHIEF RULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771

MISCONDUCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771See DISCIPLINESee also GO SLOW

MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . 772See EXECUTIVESee also EXECUTIVE ACTIONSee also EXERCISE OF POWER

MISTAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772See DELAYSee also LAW

MISTAKE OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773See CONTRACT

MISUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773See DEVELOPMENTSee also WRIT PETITION

MISUSE OF POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

MODERNISATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774

MODEL EMPLOYER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774

MODESTY OF WOMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774

MOHAMMEDAN LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

MONETARY LAWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775See LEGISLATURE

MONEY LENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

MONOPOLY RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776

MORAL TURPITUDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776See ECONOMIC OFFENCES

MORAL VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776

MORALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776See DISCIPLINE

MORALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777See DANCE BARSSee also EQUALITYSee also JUDICIAL CONSCIENCESee also LAWSee also SECULARISMSee also SOCIAL LEGITIMACYSee also SUICIDE

MORTGAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778See COURTSSee also LEASE

MORTGAGEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778

MOTOR TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779

MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION . . . . . . . . . 779MUNICIPALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780

See STATE WELFARE

MURDERER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780MUSLIM COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780MUSLIM LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780

See GRAVEYARDSSee also JURISPRUDENCESee also MARRIAGE

MUTAWALLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781NATIONAL ETHICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782NATIONAL POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782

See FAMILY

NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY . . . . . . . . . . 782See JUDICIAL POWER

NATIONALISATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782NATIONALISED BANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782NATIONALITY PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . 783NATURAL ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . 783NATURAL JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783

See ADJUDICATIONSee also ADMINISTRATIVE ORDERSee also APPEALSee also AUDI ALTERAM PARTEMSee also CIVIL PROCEDURE CODESee also FAIR HEARINGSee also FAIRNESSSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIARYSee also REASONSee also REPRESENTATIONSee also STRIKING OF ORDER

NATURAL LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

NATURAL RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . 793Alienation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794

See AUCTIONSee also LICENCESee also OWNERSHIPSee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also PUBLIC TRUSTSee also STATE

NATURAL RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794See LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also PROPERTYSee also PROPERTY RIGHTS

TOPIC INDEX XXXIX

NEEDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796

NEGLIGENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796See ACCIDENT

NEPOTISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796See COURTS

NEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797See JOURNALIST

NINTH SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797

NO CONFIDENCE MOTION . . . . . . . . . . 797

NON-BAILABLE WARRANT . . . . . . . . . 797See LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY

NON-DISCRIMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 797See EQUITY

NON-RESIDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798See PREVENTIVE DETENTION

NOTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798See DEMOCRACYSee also ELECTIONSee also VOTING RIGHT

NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799Doctrine of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

NOTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

NUCLEAR ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

NUISANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800See LICENCED ACTS

OBEDIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801See DISPUTES

OBSCENITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

OBSERVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802

OCCUPATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803

See RESERVATION

OFFENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803See CRIMESee also EVIDENCESee also PRIVATE DEFENCESee also PUNISHMENTSee also RESPECT FOR LAWSee also SENTENCESee also SUPERSTITIONSee also TEMPORARY STATUTE

OFFICE OF PROFIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804

OFFICIAL ACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804OLIGOPOLISTIC ORGANISATIONS . . . . 804ONUS OF PROOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805ONUS PROBANDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805

See EVIDENCE

OPEN CRITICISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805See EXPRESSIONSee also RESTRICTION

ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805See RATIOSee also REASON

ORDINANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806ORDINARY LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806

See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

OUTRAGING MODESTY OF WOMAN . . 806See PUBLIC MORALITY

OWNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807See ADVERSE POSSESSION

OWNERSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807See HINDU JOINT FAMILYSee also NATURAL RESOURCES

PANCHAYAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808See DEMOCRACY

PANIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808PARDONING POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808PARENS PATRIAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809

See PERSONAL LIBERTY

PARENTAL CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809PARENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809

Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810See CHILD WELFARESee also CHILDREN

PARITY IN PUNISHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 810PARLIAMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810

Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811

See AMENDMENTSSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also DELEGATED LEGISLATIONSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also LEGISLATURESee also PUNISHMENT

PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL . . . . . . . . 814PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY . . . . . 814

XL THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

PARLIAMENTARY OVERRULING OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS . . . . . . . . . 814

PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY . . . . 815See BASIC STRUCTURESee also RULE OF LAW

PAROLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815PARTIAL PARTITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816PARTICIPATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816

See DEMOCRACY

PARTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816See COURTSSee FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

PARTITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816See COPARCENER RIGHTSSee also FAIRNESSSee also JOINT OWNERSHIP

PARTNERSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817See FIRMSee also JOINT FAMILYSee also HINDU JOINT FAMILY

PASSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818PATENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819PAVEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819PAYMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

See COMMERCIAL EXPEDIENCYSee also SUSPENSION

PENALTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820See CONFISCATIONSee also PROCEEDINGS

PENOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821See CRIMINOLOGYSee also JUDICIAL PROCESSSee also JUSTICESee also PUNISHMENTSee also REFORMATIVE THEORYSee also SENTENCESee also VICTIMOLOGY

PERJURY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823PERSON AGGRIEVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823PERSONAL FREEDOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823

See PUNISHMENT

PERSONAL LAWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824See UNIFORM CIVIL CODE

PERSONAL LIBERTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824See COURTSSee also DETENTION

PERSONAL LIBERTY (contd .)See also DIGNITYSee also DISCIPLINESee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTYSee also LIFE, RIGHT TOSee also PARENS PATRIAE

PERSONALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827

PHILANTHROPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827See CONTRACT

PIOUS OBLIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827

PITH AND SUBSTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 828

PLAGIARISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828See COPYRIGHT

PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828

PLEADINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829See AMENDMENTSSee also BREVITYSee also COURTSSee also EVIDENCESee also FAIR TRIALSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION

PLEASURE, DOCTRINE OF . . . . . . . . . . 830See DEMOCRACYSee also POST

PLURALITY OF THOUGHT . . . . . . . . . . 830

POETIC LICENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830

POETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

POLICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832Police Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . 833Police Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835

See ABUSE OF POWERSee also APPOINTMENTSSee also CRIMINAL CONDUCTSee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also CUSTODIAL DEATHSSee also ENCOUNTERSee also INVESTIGATIONSee also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCESee also PRIVILEGESSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SOCIAL JUSTICE

POLICE ATTROCITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835

POLICE AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836See ACCUSED

POLICE POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836

TOPIC INDEX XLI

POLICE REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836See CRIMESee also POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

POLITICAL BATTLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836See FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION

POLITICAL DEFECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 836

POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY . . . . . . . . . . . 837See CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINS/

RESTRICTIONSSee also CORRUPTIONSee also DISSOLUTION

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837See CRIMESee also POLICE REPORT

POLITICAL PARTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838See CORRUPT PRACTICESSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also MEMBERSHIPSee also RECOGNITION

POLITICIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839

POLITICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839See CAMPUS RIVALRYSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEMSee also RELIGION

POSSESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840

POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841See PLEASURE, DOCTRINE OF

POST GRADUATE EXPERIENCE . . . . . . 842

POSTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842

POVERTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842See EDUCATIONSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also RESOURCESSee also SOCIAL BACKWARDNESS

POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843Grant of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845

See ABSOLUTE POWERSee also DEMOCRACYSee also LIBERTYSee also PRECEDENTSSee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also REASONSee also RULE OF LAW

POWER AND AUTHORITY . . . . . . . . . . 845

PREAMBLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846See CONSTITUTION

PRECEDENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CONSTITUTIONSee also DECISIONSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUDICIAL CONSISTENCYSee also POWERSee also STARE DECISIS

PRE-CENSORSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854See CENSORSHIPSee also PRESSSee also STING OPERATION

PREGNANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854See REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS

PREJUDICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855See JUSTICE

PREMATURE RETIREMENT . . . . . . . . . 855PREROGATIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855

See DISCRETION

PRESIDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS . . . . . . . . . 856See ELECTORAL COLLEGE

PRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859Freedom of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

See CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also FREE SPEECHSee also PRE-CENSORSHIPSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONSee also STING OPERATION

PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE . . . . . . 860See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also EQUALITYSee also EVIDENCESee also POLICE

PRE-TRIAL DETENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . 862PREVENTIVE DETENTION . . . . . . . . . . 862

See COURTSSee also LIBERTYSee also NON-RESIDENTSee also PUNITIVE DETENTION

PRICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868See MARKET VALUE

PRICE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868See GOVERNMENT

PRICE FIXATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868

XLII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

PRIME MINISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868See COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

PRISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Prison Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870Prison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870

See LAWSee also PUNISHMENTSee also RULE OF LAW

PRISONERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870Conditions of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also HANDCUFFINGSee also JUSTICESee also MEASURE OF NATIONS

PRIVACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873

See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

PRIVATE DEFENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873See OFFENCE

PRIVATE ENDOWMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 875See PUBLIC ENDOWMENT

PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 875PRIVILEGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876

See CRIMINAL OFFENCESSee also LAWSee also LIBERTYSee also POLICESee also SPECIAL TREATMENT

PRIVY PURSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877PROBATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877

See SENTENCE

PROCEDURAL LAWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877See LAW’S DELAYS

PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878PROCEDURE ESTABLISHED BY LAW . . 878PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878

See PENALTY

PROCESSUAL JURISPRUDENCE . . . . . 878PROCESSUAL JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . 879

See JUDGES

PROCESSUAL LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879See COURTS

PROCESSUAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . 879PROFESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS . . . . . . . . . . . 880See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ADVOCATES/LAWYERSSee also BARSee also BAR COUNCILSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATIONSee also JUDGESSee also LEGAL COUNSELSee also LEGAL PROFESSION

PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT . . . . . . 884PROFESSIONALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885PROFITERRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885PROFITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885

See COMPANY

PROGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886See DEVELOPMENT

PROGRESSIVE DEFICIENCY . . . . . . . . . 886PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL . . . . . . . . . . 886

See LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONSee also PUBLIC INTEREST

PROMOTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887See EQUALITYSee also FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEMSee also HIGH COURTSee also SERVICE

PROOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888See BENEFIT OF DOUBTSee also BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBTSee also CORRUPTIONSee also COURTSSee also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCESee also JUDICIAL NOTICESee also JUSTICESee also REASONABLENESSSee also RECOGNITION OF FACTSSee also SUSPICION

PROPERTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891Entrustment of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893

See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTYSee also ADVERSE POSSESSIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL IDEALS/VALUESSee also COURTSSee also ECONOMIC NEEDSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also LANDLORDSee also LIBERTYSee also NATURAL RIGHTSSee also REASONABLE RESTRICTIONSSee also ROYALTYSee also RULE OF LAW

PROPERTY DISPUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897

TOPIC INDEX XLIII

PROPERTY LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897

PROPERTY RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897See ADVERSE POSSESSIONSee also LIFE, RIGHT TOSee also NATURAL RIGHTS

PROPORTIONAL EQUALITY . . . . . . . . . 898

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION . . 898See ELECTION

PROPORTIONALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

PROPRIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also JUDGES

PROSECUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898

PROSECUTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899

PROSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899

PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY . . . . . . . . . . 899See PUBLIC SERVANT

PUBLIC AMENITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899

PUBLIC AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900See TRANSPARENCY

PUBLIC BODY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900See GOVERNMENTSee also PUBLIC INTEREST

PUBLIC CONFIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900See CREDIBILITYSee also JUSTICE

PUBLIC DUTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900See JUDGES

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 900See EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYSee also EQUITABLE CONSIDERATIONSSee also INDIVIDUALISATION OF JUSTICE

PUBLIC ENDOWMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902See PRIVATE ENDOWMENT

PUBLIC ETHICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902See DEMOCRACY

PUBLIC FUNCTIONARIES . . . . . . . . . . . 902Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

See EXERCISE OF POWER

PUBLIC HEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903See LIBERTY

PUBLIC INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903Private vis-à-vis Public Interest . . . . . 907

See CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also COURTSSee also FAIRNESSSee also GOOD GOVERNANCESee also GOVERNMENTSee also GRANTSee also JUDGESSee also JUSTICESee also LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONSee also NATURAL RESOURCESSee also POWERSee also PROMISSORY ESTOPPELSee also PUBLIC BODYSee also PUBLIC PROSECUTORSee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIALSee also WRIT PETITION

PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION . . . . . . 908See COURTSSee also DELAYSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATIONSee also GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIESSee also JUSTICESee also STATESee also VEXATIOUS

PUBLIC LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914Public Law vis-à-vis Private Law . . . . 915

See STATE WELFARE

PUBLIC LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

PUBLIC MEETING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

PUBLIC MISCHIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916See CLASSIFICATION

PUBLIC MONEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916

PUBLIC MORALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916See OUTRAGING MODESTY OF WOMAN

PUBLIC MORALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917See COURTS

PUBLIC OFFICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917Misuse of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918

See SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

PUBLIC OFFICIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918

PUBLIC ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919See CRIMESee also LAW AND ORDERSee also REPRESENTATION

PUBLIC ORDER & TRANQUILITY . . . . . 921

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . 922

XLIV THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

PUBLIC POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CONTRACTSee also PUBLIC SERVANT

PUBLIC POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923See ABUSE OF POWER

PUBLIC PROSECUTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also JUDGESSee also PUBLIC INTEREST

PUBLIC PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925See UTILITARIANISMSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION

PUBLIC SERVANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926See CORRUPTIONSee also CRIMESee also DUAL RESPONSIBILITYSee also PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITYSee also PUBLIC POLICY

PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION . . . . . 927PUBLIC SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927

See CORPORATIONSee also CORRUPTION

PUBLIC TRANQUILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928PUBLIC TRUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928

See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGYSee also NATURAL RESOURCESSee also SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PUBLIC WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930See ADMINISTRATIVE LAWSee also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also GOVERNMENTSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also LITIGATIONSee also STATE ENTERPRISESee also UNION & STATE

PUNISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931PUNISHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931

Theories of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937See ABUSE OF POWERSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also COURTSSee also CRIMESee also CRIMINOLOGYSee also DENUNCIATORY THEORYSee also DUE PROCESS OF LAWSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also LEGISLATURESee also OFFENCESee also PARLIAMENTSee also PENOLOGY

PUNISHMENT (contd .)See also PERSONAL FREEDOMSee also REFORMATIVE THEORYSee also REHABILITATIONSee also SENTENCING POLICIESSee also SOCIAL DEFENCESee also STATE

PUNITIVE DETENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938See LAWSee also PREVENTIVE DETENTION

QUALIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939See LAW

QUASHING OF ADMISSIONS . . . . . . . . 939See EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES . . . . . . . . . . . 939See TRIBUNALS

QUESTION OF FACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939See QUESTION OF LAW

QUESTION OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939See QUESTION OF FACT

QUO WARRANTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940See COURTS

QUOROUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940

QUOTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

RAJYA SABHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942See LOK SABHA

RAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942See CORROBORATION OF EVIDENCESee also LIFESee also SEXUAL VIOLENCE

RAREST OF THE RARE CASE . . . . . . . . 945See DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also SENTENCESee also SENTENCING POLICIES

RASH AND NEGLIGENT ACT . . . . . . . . 945See DETERRENCE THEORY

RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946See LEGISLATURE

RATIO DECIDENDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946See JUDGMENTSee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEMSee also ORDERSee also REASONSee also RULE OF LAW

RATIONALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also REASONABLENESS

TOPIC INDEX XLV

REALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948REASON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ARBITRARINESSSee also DECISIONSee also NATURAL JUSTICESee also ORDERSee also POWERSee also RATIOSee also REASONABLE

REASON AND JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . 950REASON TO BELIEVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950REASONABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950

See REASON

REASONABLE CLASSIFICATION . . . . . 951See DISCRIMINATIONSee also EQUALITY

REASONABLE CONDUCT . . . . . . . . . . . 953REASONABLE DOUBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954REASONABLE OPPORTUNITY OF

BEING HEARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955REASONABLE RESTRICTIONS . . . . . . . 955

See FREEDOMSSee also PROPERTYSee also TRADE AND COMMERCE

REASONABLENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956See ARBITRARINESSSee also BAILSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also PROOFSee also RATIONALITYSee also RESERVATION

REASONED DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957See JUDICIAL PROCEEDING

RECEIPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957RECEIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958

See SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

RECITALS IN BOOKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958See EVIDENCE

RECONSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958See DISSOLUTION

RECOGNITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958See EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also POLITICAL PARTIES

RECOGNITION OF FACTS . . . . . . . . . . . 958See PROOF

RECOGNITION OF RULERSHIP . . . . . . . 958RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959

Maintenance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959See EXAMINATION

RECOURSE TO LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959See RIGHT TO MOVE COURT

RECRUITMENT AND PROMOTION . . . . 959RECTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960RECUSAL OF JUDGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960REFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960REFORMATIVE THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . 961

See CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCESee also PENOLOGYSee also PUNISHMENT

REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962REHABILITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963

See PUNISHMENT

REINSTATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963See BACK WAGES

RELIEF/REMEDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also JUDICIAL TRIALSee also JUSTICE

RELIGION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964Freedom of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967

See CONSCIENCESee also CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEMSee also CRIMINALSSee also DEMOCRACYSee also EDUCATIONSee also HUMAN RIGHTSSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also POLITICSSee also SECULARISMSee also STATESee also TERRORISM

RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS . . . . . . . . . 968RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . 968RELIGIOUS PLURALISM . . . . . . . . . . . 968

See SECULARISM

REMEDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968

REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969REMOVAL FROM OFFICE . . . . . . . . . . . 969

See ELECTION

RENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970

XLVI THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

RENT ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970Object of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970

RENT CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970RENTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971REPEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971

See DISPLACEMENT

RE-POLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972See ELECTION

REPRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972See COURTSSee also DETENTIONSee also NATURAL JUSTICESee also PUBLIC ORDER

REPRESENTATION OF PARTIES . . . . . . 974See ADVOCATES/LAWYERS

REPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . 975

See PREGNANCY

REPUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975REPUTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975RES IPSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976RES IPSA LOQUITOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976RES JUDICATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977

See MATTER IN ISSUE

RESERVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979See ADMISSIONSee also BACKWARD CLASSSee also DEMOGRAPHYSee also DISCRIMINATIONSee also EDUCATIONSee also EQUALITYSee also EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYSee also OCCUPATIONSee also REASONABLENESSSee also STATE

RESERVE BANK OF INDIA . . . . . . . . . . 987RESIGNATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987

See GOVERNMENT SERVANTS

RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987Scarcity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987

See POVERTY

RESPECT FOR LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also COURTSSee also GOVERNMENTSee also JUDICIAL PROCESS

RESPECT FOR LAW (contd .)See also OFFENCESee also SENTENCE

RESTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989See UNJUST ENRICHMENT

RESTRAINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989RESTRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989

See EXPRESSIONSee also OPEN CRITICISMSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

RETIREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989See GOVERNMENT SERVANTSSee also TEACHING PROFESSION

RETRENCHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990RETRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990RETRIBUTIVE THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . 990RETROSPECTIVE DECLARATION . . . . . 991RETROSPECTIVE ENACTMENT . . . . . . 991

See LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE

RETROSPECTIVE OPERATION . . . . . . . 991REVENGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992REVENUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992

See GOVERNMENT

REVENUE EXPENDITURE . . . . . . . . . . . 992See CAPITAL EXPENDITURESee also GOVERNMENTSee also TRANSACTION

REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992

REVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993See ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL

JUSTICE SYSTEM

REVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994See CHANGE

RIGHT TO BE HEARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995RIGHT TO INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . 995

See CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIESSee also DEMOCRACYSee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also TRANSPARENCY

RIGHT TO KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997See DECISION MAKING PROCESSSee also EDUCATION

RIGHT TO LIFE AND PROPERTY . . . . . 997See Illegal Migrants

TOPIC INDEX XLVII

RIGHT TO MOVE COURT . . . . . . . . . . . 997See RECOURSE TO LAW

RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998Denial of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000Enforcement of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000Implementation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001Protection of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002

See COURTSSee also DUTYSee also FREEDOMSSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also JUDGESSee also JUSTICESee also LEGALLY PROTECTED INTERESTSee also LIBERTYSee also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY

RIGHTS AND DUTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES . . . . . . . . . 1002ROAD MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002

See SOCIAL JUSTICE

ROAD SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003See STATE

ROYALTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003See PROPERTY

RULE AGAINST BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003See DISCRETIONARY POWERSee also GOVERNMENT

RULE OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004See ABOVE THE LAWSee also ABSOLUTE POWERSee also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ARBITRARINESSSee also ARBITRARY ACTIONSee also AUDI ALTERAM PARTEMSee also BREACH OF DUTYSee also CASTEISMSee also CERTAINTYSee also CITIZENSee also CIVIL SERVICESSee also COMPASSIONSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTSee also CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENTSee also CONSTITUTIONAL LAWSee also COURTSSee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also DEMOCRACYSee also EQUALITYSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also FAIR TRIALSee also FOREIGN INVESTORSSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also GOVERNMENT

RULE OF LAW (contd .)See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARYSee also INDIASee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUDGESSee also JUDGMENTSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also JUDICIAL SYSTEMSee also JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICESee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEMSee also LEGAL INSTRUMENTALITYSee also LITIGATIONSee also PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTYSee also POLICESee also POWERSee also PRISONSee also PROPERTYSee also RATIO DECIDENDISee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also SOCIAL WELFARE STATESee also STATESee also STATE ACTIONSee also SYMPATHYSee also TRANSPARENCY

RULE-MAKING POWER . . . . . . . . . . . 1022

RULERSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022

RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022Application of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022

RULES OF PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . 1022See JUSTICE

SALAMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023See LESSOR

SALARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

SALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023Agreement of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024

See COURTS

SALES TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024See CONTRACT

SATYAMEVA JAYATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024See TRUTH

SCAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025See ECONOMIC INTEREST

SCHEDULE AND EXCELLENCE . . . . . . 1025See ADMISSION

SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025See HEADMASTER

SCIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025

SCS/STS/OBCS & MINORITIES . . . . . 1025

XLVIII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

SEARCH AND SEIZURE . . . . . . . . . . . 1026See JURISDICTION

SEBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026SECOND CHAMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026SECRECY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027

See ELECTION

SECULAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027SECULAR CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027SECULARISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027

See AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONSee also COMMUNAL HARMONYSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITYSee also DEMOCRACYSee also EDUCATIONSee also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also EQUALITYSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also JUDICIAL PROCESSSee also MORALITYSee also RELIGIONSee also RELIGIOUS PLURALISMSee also TERRORISM

SECURITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033SECURITIES LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033

See INTERNATIONAL PEACESee also TERRORISM

SECURITY OF STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033SELECTION PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034SELF DEFENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035SELF EXPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035

See SELF REALIZATION

SELF INCRIMINATING . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036See COURTS

SELF REALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036See SELF EXPRESSION

SELF-DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . 1036See SOVEREIGNTY

SENIORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036SENIORITY-CUM-MERIT . . . . . . . . . . 1036

See EQUALITY

SENTENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036Rule of Proportionality . . . . . . . . . . 1045

See ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

See also COURTS

SENTENCE (contd .)See also CRIMESee also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMSee also CRIMINAL LAWSee also CRIMINAL LIABILITYSee also CRIMINOLOGYSee also DECISIONSee also JUDGESSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also JUSTICESee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also LAWSee also OFFENCESee also PENOLOGYSee also PROBATIONSee also RAREST OF THE RARE CASESee also RESPECT FOR LAWSee also SYMPATHY

SENTENCING COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045SENTENCING POLICIES . . . . . . . . . . . 1046

Disparity in Sentencing . . . . . . . . . 1049See cOURTSSee also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCESee also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also PUNISHMENTSee also RAREST OF THE RARE CASESee also SOCIAL JUSTICE

SEPARATION OF POWER . . . . . . . . . . 1049See CHECKS AND BALANCESSee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also DEMOCRACYSee also JUDICIAL REVIEWSee also LIBERTYSee also SOCIAL JUSTICE

SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055Conditions of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055

See EQUALITYSee also PROMOTIONSee also SOCIAL JUSTICE

SERVICE LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055See BACK WAGESSee also WORKMEN

SERVICE RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055SESSION COURTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056SETTLEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056SEXUAL HARASSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1056

See CHILDRENSee also CRIMESee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also LIFE

SEXUAL OFFENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057See TESTIMONY

TOPIC INDEX XLIX

SEXUAL VIOLENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057See RAPE

SHAREHOLDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

SHARES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058SHEBAIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058SHELTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058

See LIFE

SILENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059See ARGUMENT

SLUMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059SMUGGLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE . . . 1060

See LIFE

SOCIAL BACKWARDNESS . . . . . . . . . 1060See EDUCATIONAL BACKWARDNESSSee also POVERTY

SOCIAL CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060See LAW

SOCIAL COMMITMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1061See CONSTITUTION

SOCIAL CONFLICTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061SOCIAL CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061

See CORPORATE VEIL

SOCIAL DEFENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061See PUNISHMENT

SOCIAL DUTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062See ADVOCATES/LAWYERS

SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT . . . . . . . . . . 1062SOCIAL ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062

See JUDGESSee also LAW

SOCIAL EVIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063See FILMS

SOCIAL EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063SOCIAL EXISTENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064SOCIAL INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064

See LIBERTY

SOCIAL JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064Social Justice vis-à-vis Economic

Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069See CERTAINTYSee also INDUSTRIAL LAW

SOCIAL JUSTICE (contd .)See also JUDICIAL DISCRETIONSee also JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICESee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEMSee also LAWSee also LIMITATIONSee also POLICESee also ROAD MAINTENANCESee also RULE OF LAWSee also SENTENCING POLICIESSee also SEPARATION OF POWERSee also SERVICESee also SOCIAL WRONGSee also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIALSee also TRADE

SOCIAL LEGITIMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069See LAWSee also MORALITY

SOCIAL NORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070See COURTS

SOCIAL ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070See CORRUPTIONSee also DISCRETIONSee also DEMOCRACYSee also TRADE

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . 1070See PUBLIC OFFICE

SOCIAL REVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070SOCIAL SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071

See SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE

SOCIAL SOLIDARITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071SOCIAL WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071

See TRADE

SOCIAL WELFARE STATE . . . . . . . . . . 1072See RULE OF LAW

SOCIAL WRONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072See SOCIAL JUSTICE

SOCIALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072See LIBERALISATION

SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073See CHILDRENSee also JURISPRUDENCE

SOCIO ECONOMIC RIGHTS . . . . . . . . 1074See CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE . . . . . . . 1074See JURISPRUDENCESee also SOCIAL SECURITY

SOLATIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074See LAND ACQUISITION

L THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

SOLITARY CONFINEMENT . . . . . . . . . 1075

SOURCE OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075See CUSTOMSee also USAGE

SOVEREIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076

SOVEREIGNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076See SELF-DETERMINATION

SPEAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076

SPECIAL JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . 1077See CONTEMPT POWER

SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION . . . . . . . . . 1077See COURTS

SPECIAL LEAVE TO APPEAL . . . . . . . 1078See SUPREME COURT

SPECIAL TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078See LAWSee also PRIVILEGES

SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . 1078

SPEECH AND EXPRESSION . . . . . . . . 1079Freedom of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also ADVERTISEMENTSSee also ADVOCACYSee also CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIESSee also CONSTITUTIONAL IDEALS/VALUESSee also CONTEMPT JURISDICTIONSee also CONTEMPT OF COURTSee also CONTROL ON BROADCASTINGSee also COURTSSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also PRESSSee also RECEIVESee also RESTRICTIONSee also STATE

SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL . . . . . . . . . . 1090See ACCIDENT CLAIMSSee also COURTSSee also DELAYSee also FAIR TRIALSee also JUDICIARYSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also PUBLIC INTERESTSee also SOCIAL JUSTICE

SPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094

STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096See CERTAINTY

STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096See HEALTH

STARE DECISIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096See JUDGESSee also LAWSee also PRECEDENTS

STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098Duties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101Function of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106Power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106Right of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107

See CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL LAWSee also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLESSee also DISPENSATION OF JUSTICESee also DISTRIBUTION OF

OWNERSHIP AND CONTROLSee also EDUCATIONSee also EMPLOYMENTSee also EXERCISE OF POWERSee also FINANCIAL SWINDLERSSee also FREEDOMSSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also GOOD GOVERNANCESee also GOVERNMENTSee also HUMAN DIGNITYSee also INTOXICATIONSee also MALICE IN LAWSee also NATURAL RESOURCESSee also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATIONSee also PUNISHMENTSee also RELIGIONSee also RESERVATIONSee also ROAD SAFETYSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONSee also TAX ADMINISTRATIONSee also UNAUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONSSee also VIOLENCESee also WAGESSee also WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

STATE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108See RULE OF LAWSee also TRANSPARENCY

STATE COUNSEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109STATE ENTERPRISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110

See PUBLIC WELFARE

STATE LARGESSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110See DISCRIMINATION

STATE WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111See MUNICIPALITYSee also PUBLIC LAW

TOPIC INDEX LI

STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111

STATUS AND CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . 1112STATUS OF WOMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112STATUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112

Constitutionality of . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113See CONSTITUTIONSee also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTIONSee also LEGISLATURESee also LIMITATIONSee also SUBORDINATE LEGISLATIONSee also UNCONSTITUTIONALITY

STATUTORY BODIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113See EXERCISE OF POWER

STATUTORY DUTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114See COURTSSee also TORTS

STATUTORY POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114See CONSTITUTIONAL POWER

STATUTORY PROHIBITIONS . . . . . . . 1114STATUTORY TENANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114STING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115

See PRE-CENSORSHIPSee also PRESS

STRICT SECURITY TEST . . . . . . . . . . . 1115See LEGISLATURE

STRIKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116

See DEMONSTRATE, RIGHT TOSee also WAGES

STRIKING OF ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116See NATURAL JUSTICE

STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116See JUDICIAL REVIEW

STUDY LEAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION . . . . . . 1117

See STATUTESee also TAXATION

SUBSTANTIVE AND VESTED RIGHT . 1118SUBSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118SUCCESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119

See CUSTOMARY LAW

SUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119


SUICIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119See MORALITY

SUMMARY ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . 1119SUO MOTO ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120

See SUPREME COURT

SUPERIOR COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120

See ABUSE OF PROCESSSee also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CONSTITUTIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY

SUPERSTITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121See OFFENCE

SUPERVISORY JURISDICTION . . . . . . 1121See EVIDENCE

SUPREMACY OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121SUPREME COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

Duty of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131

See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also CONSTITUTIONSee also CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIESSee also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLESSee also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATIONSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INJUSTICESee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICESee also SPECIAL LEAVE TO APPEALSee also SUO MOTO ACTION

SUPERITENDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1132SURETY BOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1132SUSPEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133

Power to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133Right to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133

See CONTRACT OF SERVICE

SUSPENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133Of Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134

See COURTSSee also EMERGENCYSee also PAYMENT

SUSPICION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134See JUSTICESee also PROOF

LII THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT . . . . . 1134See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGYSee also PUBLIC TRUST, DOCTRINE OF

SYLLABUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135SYMPATHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135

See COMPASSIONSee also JUSTICESee also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEMSee also RULE OF LAWSee also SENTENCE

TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136Imposition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

See DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICESee also FEESee also INCOMESee also LEGISLATURESee also TAXATION

TAX ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . 1141See GOVERNMENTSee also STATE

TAX AVOIDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141TAX LAWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

See EQUALITY

TAX EVASION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142See TAXATION

TAXATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142See SUBORDINATE LEGISLATIONSee also TAXSee also TAX EVASION

TAXING AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144Powers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144

TEACHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145

See ADMISSIONSee also DISCIPLINESee also EDUCATIONSee also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSSee also TEACHING PROFESSION

TEACHER TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146TEACHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146TEACHING PROFESSION . . . . . . . . . . 1146

See RETIREMENTSee also TEACHER

TEACHING SHOPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147TECHNICAL EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . 1147

See UNIFORMITY

TECHNICALITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147See JUSTICE

TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION . . . . 1147See INTERNATIONALISM

TELECOM SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES . . . . . . . . . 1148

See CASUAL LABOUR

TEMPORARY SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148TEMPORARY STATUTE . . . . . . . . . . . 1148

See OFFENCE

TENANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148See LEASE

TENANT AT WILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149TENDERED VOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION . . . . . . 1150TERRORISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150

See DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCESee also DEMOCRACYSee also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSSee also INTERNATIONAL PEACESee also LEGAL MEANSSee also RELIGIONSee also SECULARISMSee also SECURITY

TESTIMONY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153See SEXUAL OFFENCES

TEXTILE INDUSTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153THEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154

See EXPECTATION

TIME AS THE ESSENCE . . . . . . . . . . . 1154See CONTRACT

TITLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154See FILMS

TORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155TORTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155TRADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156

See BUSINESSSee also SOCIAL JUSTICESee also SOCIAL ORDER

TRADE AND COMMERCE . . . . . . . . . . 1157See REASONABLE RESTRICTIONS

TRADE DISCOUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1158See CASH DISCOUNT

TRADE MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1158TRADE UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159

TOPIC INDEX LIII

TRANQUILITY/BREACH OF PEACE . . . 1159TRANSACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160

Nature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160See REVENUE EXPENDITURE

TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160See CONVICT

TRANSFER OF PROPERTY . . . . . . . . . 1161TRANSFER OF JUDGES . . . . . . . . . . . 1161TRANSGENDER RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . 1162TRANSPARENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1162

See DECISION MAKING PROCESSSee also RIGHT TO INFORMATIONSee also PUBLIC AUTHORITIESSee also RULE OF LAWSee also STATE ACTION

TREATY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163See EXERCISE OF POWER

TRESPASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163See UNAUTHORISED OCCUPANTS

TRIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163See JUDGES

TRIBUNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163See QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES

TRUISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164See HARDSHIP

TRUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164TRUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165

See CONTEMPT JURISDICTIONSee also JUSTICESee also LAWSee also SATYAMEVA JAYATE

UBERIMMA FIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1166See INJUNCTION

UNAUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS . . 1166See COURTSSee also STATE

UNAUTHORISED OCCUPANTS . . . . . . 1167See ADVERSE POSSESSIONSee also TRESPASS

UNCLE-JUDGE SYNDROME . . . . . . . . 1168UNCONSTITUTIONALITY . . . . . . . . . . 1168

See STATUTE

UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS . . . . . . . . 1168See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICESee also JUSTICESee also LIBERTY

UNDUE INFLUENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169See ELECTION

UNEMPLOYMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170See COMPENSATION

UNIFORM CIVIL CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170See PERSONAL LAWS

UNIFORMITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171See EDUCATIONSee also EQUALITYSee also TECHNICAL EDUCATION

UNION & STATE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

UNION ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

UNION & STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172See PUBLIC WELFARE

UNIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION . . . 1173

UNIVERSAL HUMAN DEPENDENCE . . 1173See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

UNJUST ENRICHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1173See RESTITUTION

UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . 1174

UNREASONABLENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1175See BAD FAITH

UNRECOGNISED INSTITUTIONS . . . . 1175

UNSOUNDNESS OF MIND . . . . . . . . . 1176

URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS . . . . . . 1176See ACCOMMODATION

USAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176See SOURCE OF LAW

UTILITARIANISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176See PUBLIC PURPOSE

VACANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177

VALIDITY OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177

VEXATIOUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177See PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION

VICE-CHANCELLOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177

VICTIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178

VICTIMISATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178

LIV THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

VICTIMOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178See CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCESee also PENOLOGY

VIGILANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179See ELECTION

VIOLENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179See CRIMESee also GOVERNMENTSee also STATESee also WITHDRAWAL

VOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180See ELECTION

VOTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180See CRIMINALISATION OF POLITICSSee also VOTING RIGHT

VOTING RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181See DEMOCRACYSee also NOTASee also VOTER

WAGE POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182See WORKMEN

WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182See ABSENCE FROM DUTYSee also STATESee also STRIKE

WAIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184See ABANDONMENT

WAKF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185WELFARE STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185

See CIVIL SERVICESSee also GOVERNMENTSee also LEGISLATION

WHISTLEBLOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1188WHITE COLLAR CRIMES . . . . . . . . . . 1189WILDLIFE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . 1190

See ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

WILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1190See FORGED DOCUMENTS

WISDOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191WITHDRAWAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

See VIOLENCE

WITNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

See BRIDE BURNINGSee also EXERCISE OF POWER

WORK ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192WOMANHOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192WOMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

Role of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193Status of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT . . . . . . . . . 1194See CRIMESee also FEMALE FOETICIDESee also LAWSee also STATE

WORDS AND PHRASES . . . . . . . . . . . 1197WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197

See EMPLOYEE

WORKMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197Conditions of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197Rights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198

See COMPENSATIONSee also EMPLOYERSee also LABOUR LAWSee also SERVICE LAWSee also WAGE POLICY

WRIT COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198See INTERIM RELIEF

WRIT JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198WRIT PETITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199

See MISUSESee also PUBLIC INTEREST

WRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200See DETENTIONSee also HABEAS CORPUS

WRONGFUL ACQUITTALS . . . . . . . . . 1200See MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE

AA.A. Desai, J. n 70

A. Alagiriswami, J. n 359, 411, 507, 567, 636, 690, 867, 978

A.C. Gupta, J. n 49, 113, 220, 293, 411, 520, 827, 841, 1114, 1167

A.D. Koshal, J. n 19, 937, 1164

A.K. Ganguly, J. n 23, 92, 114, 122, 149, 215, 289, 328, 394, 398, 438, 439, 453, 463, 477, 493, 514, 515, 569, 581, 662, 663, 670, 716, 718, 740, 741, 850, 893, 894, 897, 925, 956, 1051, 1110, 1146, 1159, 1166, 1195

A.K. Mathur, J. n 193, 384, 581, 628, 924, 1091, 1103

A.K. Mukherjea, J. n 274, 756

A.K. Patnaik, J. n 398, 419, 904, 932, 1026

A.K. Sikri, J. n 144, 305, 383, 541, 669, 836, 1006, 1096, 1139, 1233

A.M. Ahmadi, C.J. n 84, 537, 570

A.M. Ahmadi, J. n 77, 253, 374, 654, 934, 959, 1027, 1041, 1086, 1116, 1150, 1192

A.M. Ahmadi and S. Mohan, JJ. n 339

A.N. Grover, J. n 50, 79, 114, 198, 366, 559, 560, 602, 653, 713, 757, 775, 827, 950, 1023, 1024, 1026, 1079

A.N. Ray, C.J. n 85, 91, 109, 125, 127, 141, 174, 178, 192, 200, 201, 202, 204, 305, 316, 322, 342, 350, 359, 361, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 396, 399, 402, 416, 426, 430, 470, 490, 491, 556, 633, 634, 687, 688, 689, 695, 706, 751, 769, 770, 820, 840, 841, 842, 866, 946, 952, 953, 956, 962, 971, 1020, 1060, 1076, 1088, 1184

A.N. Ray, J. n 54, 55, 59, 123, 131, 136, 149, 151, 155, 201, 240, 274, 473, 487, 501, 562, 566, 572, 577, 596, 644, 690, 723, 772, 776, 802, 812, 816, 817, 841, 857, 874, 877, 959, 968, 991, 1000, 1002, 1022, 1035, 1090, 1114, 1138, 1155

A.P. Misra, J. n 233, 438, 475A.P. Sen, J. n 1, 60, 72, 75, 84, 89, 150,

203, 207, 235, 236, 246, 291, 312, 324, 375, 395, 424, 436, 440, 449, 548, 549, 563, 635, 678, 679, 703, 720, 815, 825, 860, 864, 884, 896, 902, 972, 990, 999, 1086, 1154, 1165, 1183

A.P. Sen and L.M. Sharma, JJ. n 1041A.R. Lakshmanan, J. n 38, 230,

231, 457, 709, 910, 1103A.S. Anand, C.J. n 299, 327, 367,

583, 588, 606, 740, 760, 861, 927, 933, 934, 944, 1040, 1083

A.S. Anand, J. n 146, 183, 186, 195, 196, 197, 208, 210, 223, 232, 234, 253, 269, 270, 271, 406, 410, 545, 619, 642, 676, 733, 837, 914, 919, 1014, 1015, 1112, 1152

Judge Index*

* Names of the Judges of the Supreme Court who authored the judgment and the page number on which the quotation is available. Where the quote is taken from an order or where more than one Judge signed the judg-ment then their names are indexed together. Also, distinction has been made if the quote is from a judgment delivered by the Judge as the Chief Justice or as a Puisine Judge.

Lvi n THUS SPAKE THEiR LORDSHiPS!

A.S. Anand and K.S. Paripoornan, JJ. n 249Abhay Manohar Sapre, J. n 162Adarsh Kumar Goel, J. n 226,

516, 970, 1064, 1187Aftab Alam, J. n 23, 96, 144, 456, 521,

531, 542, 671, 819, 860, 883, 884Aftab Alam and Ranjana P. Desai, JJ. n 268Aftab Alam and T.S. Thakur, JJ. n 66Alagiriswami, J. n 828, 1118Altamas Kabir, C.J. n 17, 37, 111,

669, 728, 764, 767, 1194Altamas Kabir, J. n 230, 316, 958, 980, 1009Amarendra Nath Sen, J. n 115Anil R. Dave, J. n 36, 37, 334,

348, 415, 541, 955, 979Arijit Pasayat, J. n 40, 48, 61, 62, 66, 78, 89,

103, 118, 126, 190, 230, 231, 253, 271, 298, 346, 364, 371, 372, 391, 393, 395, 397, 404, 421, 489, 492, 512, 516, 520, 534, 543, 609, 628, 629, 648, 649, 671, 672, 725, 736, 754, 770, 785, 802, 842, 844, 850, 851, 861, 888, 898, 905, 933, 944, 948, 951, 954, 965, 981, 982, 1013, 1033, 1039, 1040, 1048, 1062, 1113, 1115, 1121, 1122, 1129, 1172, 1189, 1197

Arijit Pasayat, P. Sathasivam and Aftab Alam, JJ. n 132, 849

Arun Mishra, J. n 784

BB.C. Ray, J. n 167, 394, 928, 1016B.L. Hansaria, J. n 5, 25, 231,

317, 675, 778, 902, 1167B.N. Agrawal and H.K. Sema, J. n 488B.N. Kirpal, C.J. n 136B.N. Kirpal, J. n 223, 232, 299, 616,

629, 705, 745, 910, 911, 1059B.N. Kirpal, v.N. Khare and

M.B. Shah, JJ. n 438B.N. Srikrishna, J. n 704

B.P. Jeevan Reddy, J. n 49, 142, 161, 179, 235, 300, 340, 385, 436, 502, 596, 656, 674, 859, 966, 1030, 1103, 1122, 1143, 1147, 1174, 1191

B.P. Singh and R.v. Raveendran, JJ. n 307B.S. Chauhan, J. n 21, 38, 59, 65, 93, 112,

140, 163, 195, 206, 213, 214, 215, 227, 297, 334, 335, 336, 343, 345, 383, 392, 419, 448, 453, 456, 462, 480, 540, 541, 608, 641, 670, 699, 719, 729, 747, 748, 750, 771, 774, 777, 843, 873, 881, 893, 908, 916, 969, 1007, 1009, 1010, 1065, 1082, 1083, 1101, 1102, 1109, 1186, 1198

B.S. Chauhan and F.M. ibrahim Kalifulla, JJ. n 709

B.S. Chauhan and J. Chelameswar, JJ. n 454B. Sudershan Reddy, J. n 144, 145, 160, 167,

172, 184, 230, 297, 298, 403, 437, 446, 542, 737, 785, 904, 996, 1050, 1076

B. Sudershan Reddy and S.S. Nijjar, JJ. n 162, 163, 182, 184, 462, 463, 670, 699, 700, 728, 873, 1009, 1152

Baharul islam, J. n 157, 207, 302, 386, 436, 450, 485, 680, 754, 755, 952

CC.A. vaidialingam, J. n 413, 533,

636, 756, 978, 1175C.K. Prasad, J. n 9, 71, 249, 266, 403,

439, 580, 626, 640, 696, 780, 835, 964, 1007, 1121, 1165

C.K. Thakker, J. n 133, 248, 465, 1011

DD.A. Desai, J. n 28, 30, 57, 101, 147, 162,

185, 192, 289, 319, 352, 386, 396, 432, 527, 529, 531, 547, 548, 549, 644, 664, 702, 706, 739, 746, 772, 788, 843, 907, 985, 988, 1061, 1063, 1073, 1075, 1132, 1149, 1173, 1187

JUDGE iNDEX n Lvii

D.A. Desai and R.B. Misra, JJ. n 644

D.G. Palekar, J. n 32, 52, 53, 99, 153, 196, 239, 241, 253, 267, 328, 329, 372, 689, 712, 750, 795, 811, 919, 920, 973, 987, 1045, 1106, 1143, 1191

D.K. Jain, J. n 145, 150, 183, 242, 464, 514, 600, 611, 732, 733, 1120, 1131

D.M. Dharmadhikari, J. n 88, 289, 299, 671, 761, 965, 1029, 1061, 1129

D.P. Madon, J. n 6, 68, 150, 311, 446, 447, 467, 520, 643, 678, 788, 884, 906, 970, 994, 1026, 1054, 1099, 1100, 1159, 1173

D.P. Mohapatra, J. n 71, 324, 422

D.P. Wadhwa, J. n 16, 25, 84, 233, 260, 545, 601, 743

Dalveer Bhandari, J. n 22, 39, 62, 69, 72, 80, 87, 100, 102, 176, 219, 229, 251, 306, 326, 337, 345, 346, 347, 390, 391, 393, 452, 453, 455, 463, 464, 501, 525, 581, 582, 589, 618, 626, 627, 628, 647, 648, 715, 718, 719, 728, 732, 740, 759, 795, 803, 823, 831, 833, 845, 883, 893, 932, 981, 1009, 1024, 1029, 1052, 1097, 1102, 1120, 1121, 1165, 1174

Deepak verma, J. n 971

Dipak Misra, J. n 4, 11, 17, 42, 48, 72, 91, 94, 118, 144, 158, 177, 178, 205, 213, 214, 215, 220, 225, 227, 247, 250, 259, 264, 288, 294, 295, 296, 311, 325, 354, 364, 383, 433, 434, 440, 441, 475, 476, 479, 480, 481, 485, 510, 511, 513, 523, 540, 578, 579, 580, 591, 592, 596, 597, 600, 640, 641, 642, 668, 669, 692, 718, 725, 735, 737, 745, 749, 752, 756, 771, 774, 784, 800, 801, 824, 825, 830, 831, 868, 908, 940, 942, 943, 945, 946, 976, 979, 1002, 1006, 1034, 1037, 1080, 1107, 1179, 1180, 1194, 1195

Doraiswamy Raju, J. n 141, 232, 561, 878, 1075, 1127, 1129

EE.S. venkataramiah, J. n 9, 14, 15, 65,

89, 90, 101, 103, 132, 161, 166, 198, 219, 302, 395, 405, 423, 482, 500, 504, 528, 535, 548, 613, 623, 657, 717, 783, 840, 857, 860, 887, 1054, 1055, 1086, 1087, 1113, 1117, 1185, 1198

FF.M. ibrahim Kalifulla, J. n 209,

227, 254, 258, 344, 369, 739Faizan Uddin, J. n 375, 797, 833, 857, 1049

GG.B. Pattanaik, J. n 384, 385,

390, 582, 917, 1097G.K. Mitter, J. n 40, 503, 662,

736, 771, 955, 1105, 1169G.L. Oza, J. n 279G.N. Ray, J. n 46, 372, 612, 923, 934, 970G.P. Mathur, J. n 64, 971G.S. Misra, J. n 9, 660G.S. Singhvi, J. n 4, 5, 12, 13, 40, 57, 138,

159, 188, 198, 228, 310, 316, 323, 376, 389, 392, 394, 420, 421, 458, 462, 481, 513, 514, 517, 580, 597, 610, 637, 732, 765, 777, 785, 793, 794, 808, 897, 909, 918, 929, 930, 1010, 1082, 1097, 1101, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1144, 1146, 1152, 1166, 1188, 1189, 1193

G.S. Singhvi, Shiva Kirti Singh and C. Nagappan, JJ. n 727

G.S. Singhvi and A.K. Ganguly, JJ. n 13, 43, 453, 776, 855, 899, 924

G.S. Singhvi and H.L. Dattu, JJ. n 13, 658G.T. Nanavati, J. n 218, 466

Lviii n THUS SPAKE THEiR LORDSHiPS!

HH.K. Sema, J. n 537, 629H.L. Dattu, C.J., R.K. Agrawal and

Arun Mishra, JJ. n 277, 647, 1037, 1045, 1178

H.L. Dattu, J. n 11, 325, 433, 434, 540, 588, 654, 669, 703, 718, 848, 849, 850, 1091, 1097, 1147

H.L. Dattu and J.S. Khehar, JJ. n 588, 943H.L. Gokhale, J. n 22, 47, 94, 228, 295,

309, 310, 345, 372, 376, 483, 579, 760, 849, 899, 900, 909, 1192

H.R. Khanna, J. n 8, 14, 52, 70, 119, 120, 134, 148, 151, 157, 204, 205, 212, 243, 251, 265, 304, 318, 427, 428, 445, 492, 556, 557, 573, 614, 615, 664, 707, 711, 734, 752, 768, 771, 795, 797, 811, 826, 853, 862, 864, 865, 867, 919, 954, 973, 1020, 1021, 1032, 1034, 1118, 1144, 1150, 1199

H.S. Bedi, J. n 260, 417, 761, 809, 871, 872H.S. Bedi and

J.M. Panchal, JJ. n 665, 910, 478

Ii.D. Dua, J. n 110, 118, 120, 142, 193,

208, 239, 240, 243, 351, 389, 400, 402, 412, 413, 438, 445, 494, 495, 502, 503, 507, 532, 602, 663, 690, 738, 796, 827, 847, 866, 874, 875, 890, 931, 936, 937, 993, 1021, 1034, 1044, 1069, 1077, 1130, 1132, 1157, 1158, 1175, 1182

JJ.C. Shah, J. n 14, 110, 125, 135, 202,

203, 239, 381, 402, 431, 479, 503, 700, 713, 724, 752, 756, 759, 804, 856, 867, 903, 957, 978, 1058, 1078, 1118, 1119, 1140, 1142, 1158

J. Chelameswar, J. n 74, 112, 156, 182, 241, 296, 367, 384, 461, 641, 765, 807, 839, 1006

J.M. Panchal, J. n 5, 23, 44, 136, 139, 216, 241, 269, 448, 489, 501, 524, 589, 603, 615, 701, 882, 1078, 1128, 1129

J.M. Shelat, J. n 10, 40, 202, 204, 274, 285, 330, 413, 559, 867, 920, 974, 1024, 1176

J.M. Shelat and A.N. Grover, JJ. n 56, 149, 153, 156, 170, 711, 813, 815, 1032

J.S. Khehar, J. n 8, 9, 20, 21, 71, 86, 87, 192, 209, 243, 315, 322, 383, 406, 407, 443, 454, 567, 579, 591, 610, 641, 670, 785, 801, 960, 1050, 1108, 1128

J.S. verma, C.J. n 476, 619

J.S. verma, J. n 2, 67, 68, 94, 319, 353, 356, 365, 393, 404, 407, 506, 578, 642, 905, 918, 1015, 1099, 1130

Jaganmohan Reddy, J. n 8, 473, 812, 847, 1105

Jaswant Singh, J. n 237, 238, 398, 415, 470, 565, 566, 646, 723, 803, 817, 840, 1116

Jeevan Reddy, J. n 100, 1074, 1076, 1084, 1085

KK.G. Balakrishnan, C.J. n 338,

384, 855, 975, 982, 1102

K.G. Balakrishnan, C.J. and Dr B.S. Chauhan, J. n 24

K.G. Balakrishnan, J. n 354

K. Jagannatha Shetty, J. n 63, 107, 224, 267, 301, 436, 504, 576, 589, 601, 613, 622, 659, 676, 677, 720, 887, 928, 959, 1031, 1099, 1177

K. Jayachandra Reddy, J. n 105, 106, 429, 538, 661, 774, 954, 1155, 1156

K.K. Mathew, C.J. n 181, 1021, 1054

JUDGE iNDEX n LiX

K.K. Mathew, J. n 1, 35, 48, 51, 127, 203, 274, 305, 343, 388, 399, 415, 428, 470, 558, 572, 689, 695, 712, 768, 792, 793, 827, 846, 866, 896, 898, 903, 923, 952, 977, 1071, 1089, 1090, 1100, 1105, 1112, 1138, 1142, 1148

K.N. Saikia, J. n 18, 103, 652, 676, 862, 999, 1001, 1137

K.N. Singh, J. n 75, 171, 210, 289, 312, 356, 380, 547, 623, 752, 787, 832, 912, 1181

K. Ramaswamy, J. n 6, 26, 34, 37, 45, 46, 116, 121, 146, 220, 223, 234, 235, 242, 250, 260, 270, 285, 288, 300, 301, 310, 312, 340, 341, 375, 385, 450, 451, 467, 474, 515, 516, 525, 536, 545, 570, 576, 578, 583, 584, 585, 586, 612, 619, 620, 621, 624, 637, 651, 652, 655, 656, 673, 674, 675, 711, 719, 720, 723, 729, 730, 757, 780, 786, 892, 905, 906, 911, 915, 923, 927, 950, 960, 966, 988, 1023, 1030, 1031, 1040, 1062, 1066, 1069, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1083, 1084, 1145, 1165, 1171

K.Ramaswamy, S.P. Bharucha and K.S. Paripoornam, JJ. n 365

K. Ramaswamy and B.L. Hansaria, JJ. n 187, 193, 730

K. Ramaswamy and M.N. venkatachaliah, JJ. n 379, 656

K. Ramaswamy and S. Saghir Ahmad, JJ. n 116

K.S. Hegde, J. n 18, 33, 37, 56, 61, 110, 120, 128, 135, 239, 293, 305, 306, 351, 366, 367, 405, 413, 429, 435, 452, 485, 488, 505, 510, 558, 560, 573, 690, 695, 713, 750, 766, 773, 791, 792, 845, 890, 891, 957, 978, 992, 1021, 1035, 1057, 1069, 1070, 1133, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1158, 1160

K.S. Hegde and A.K. Mukherjee, JJ. n 55, 152, 155, 157, 161, 471, 722, 812, 813, 845

K.S.P. Radhakrishnan, J. n 51, 137, 144, 175, 228, 257, 258, 262, 278, 279, 284, 286, 315, 330, 332, 335, 348, 349, 409, 442, 447, 452, 461, 463, 476, 541, 568, 569, 571, 580, 592, 599, 625, 670, 726, 727, 743, 751, 753, 760, 780, 793, 800, 802, 810, 811, 814, 815, 891, 894, 897, 916, 998, 1008, 1033, 1056, 1057, 1059, 1074, 1113, 1117, 1131, 1136, 1145, 1162

K.S.P. Radhakrishnan and J.S. Khehar, JJ. n 751

K.S. Paripoornan, J. n 339

K.T. Thomas, J. n 16, 44, 93, 217, 233, 241, 290, 449, 498, 500, 501, 569, 602, 607, 630, 650, 655, 672, 701, 741, 760, 796, 832, 839, 878, 922, 946, 1065, 1115, 1178

Kuldip Singh, J. n 41, 63, 99, 203, 339, 340, 341, 346, 347, 378, 401, 467, 530, 546, 583, 692, 755, 765, 794, 887, 926, 984, 999, 1084, 1147, 1176, 1185

Kurian Joseph, J. n 140, 226, 255, 275, 294, 479, 606, 784, 960, 1134

LL.M. Sharma, C.J. n 156, 967, 984

L.M. Sharma, J. n 319, 442, 607, 720, 796, 918

MM.B. Shah, J. n 66, 170, 306, 338, 363, 777,

965, 992, 996, 997, 1002, 1115, 1181

M.H. Beg, C.J. n 82, 104, 108, 109, 113, 131, 152, 154, 188, 191, 303, 408, 411, 416, 425, 468, 469, 528, 553, 594, 598, 684, 707, 766, 766

LX n THUS SPAKE THEiR LORDSHiPS!

M.H. Beg, J. n 104, 110, 112, 131, 136, 142, 151, 166, 168, 169, 171, 174, 175, 178, 180, 187, 200, 238, 254, 283, 290, 307, 363, 371, 493, 554, 555, 556, 559, 565, 566, 585, 632, 688, 690, 703, 736, 739, 751, 764, 778, 779, 782, 789, 792, 797, 805, 814, 829, 845, 846, 861, 864, 865, 868, 876, 890, 897, 919, 950, 962, 968, 971, 991, 1000, 1001, 1020, 1032, 1048, 1090, 1104, 1106, 1111, 1118, 1119, 1172, 1188, 1200

M. Hidayatullah, C.J. n 33, 85, 107, 188, 360, 428, 473, 690, 714, 773, 854, 921, 993, 1163

M. Jagannadha Rao, J. n 129M.K. Mukherjee, J. n 873M.K. Sharma, J. n 370, 589, 626, 627, 1008M.K. Sharma and

Anil R. Dave, JJ. n 105, 854, 979M.M. Punchhi, J. n 146, 586, 665, 729M.N. venkatachaliah, C.J.,

S. Mohan and A.S. Anand JJ. n 72, 760M.N. venkatachaliah, C.J.,

S. Mohan and B.P. Jeevan Reddy, JJ. n 957M.N. venkatachaliah, C.J. and

Yogeshwar Dayal, J. n 605M.N. venkatachaliah, J. n 26, 59, 96,

116, 146, 169, 224, 311, 379, 486, 561, 604, 618, 623, 653, 676, 678, 837, 840, 852, 863, 895, 940, 1025, 1155

M.P. Thakkar, J. n 10, 107, 108, 163, 208, 280, 285, 324, 368, 395, 615, 796, 918, 1017

M. Srinivasan, J. n 194M.Y. Eqbal, J. n 252, 333, 443, 641,

848, 1037, 1038, 1045, 1097Madan B. Lokur, J. n 42, 256, 284, 418, 539,

560, 568, 571, 761, 804, 849, 1178, 1188Markandey Katju, J. n 13, 17, 59, 122,

123, 170, 172, 269, 330, 374, 375, 389, 508, 509, 534, 542, 606, 671, 777, 783, 832, 850, 882, 1051, 1124

Markandey Katju and A.K. Patnaik, JJ. n 287

Markandey Katju and Gyan Sudha Misra, JJ. n 5, 248, 250, 262, 287, 298, 409, 455, 514, 536, 581, 693, 728, 961, 1028, 1029, 1102, 1168

Murari Mohan Dutt, J. n 63

NN.L. Untwalia, J. n 211, 212, 283, 293,

357, 387, 440, 502, 519, 554, 632, 781, 886, 978, 1100, 1127, 1130, 1170

N.M. Kasliwal, J. n 224, 741, 767, 829, 987

N.P. Singh, J. n 199, 202, 243, 285, 905

N. Santosh Hegde, J. n 141, 851, 1124, 1161

OO. Chinnappa Reddy, J. n 18, 27, 28, 29, 70,

101, 124, 224, 236, 237, 245, 261, 273, 277, 281, 282, 289, 291, 292, 307, 308, 313, 314, 331, 350, 351, 374, 390, 396, 414, 417, 425, 440, 446, 447, 511, 528, 547, 548, 561, 562, 577, 593, 596, 631, 634, 643, 644, 657, 680, 705, 733, 742, 788, 824, 838, 864, 868, 885, 896, 902, 907, 967, 984, 985, 990, 1016, 1035, 1041, 1092, 1104, 1163, 1179, 1200

PP.B. Sawant, J. n 45, 63, 113, 152, 165, 195,

200, 224, 235, 268, 300, 301, 311, 339, 373, 423, 604, 620, 624, 702, 744, 772, 786, 884, 905, 966, 967, 989, 990, 1014, 1015, 1034, 1059, 1085, 1182, 1197

P.B. Sawant and Yogeshwar Dayal, JJ. n 620

JUDGE iNDEX n LXi

P. Jaganmohan Reddy, J. n 15, 53, 54, 74, 90, 95, 96, 103, 169, 201, 354, 357, 388, 413, 431, 518, 558, 566, 573, 706, 737, 758, 770, 799, 808, 840, 854, 890, 892, 941, 1000, 1058, 1149, 1160, 1161, 1191, 1198

P.K. Balasubramanyan, J. n 421, 649, 901, 932, 933, 944, 1126, 1145

P.K. Goswami, J. n 82, 168, 225, 287, 356, 358, 361, 362, 470, 483, 565, 663, 685, 688, 689, 693, 694, 763, 772, 778, 855, 861, 892, 931, 1044, 1056, 1106, 1134, 1143, 1184

P.N. Bhagwati, C.J. n 117, 263, 285, 314, 317, 386, 424, 592, 630, 678, 806, 886, 1016

P.N. Bhagwati, J. n 6, 7, 18, 27, 29, 31, 37, 38, 58, 61, 76, 77, 80, 102, 113, 117, 119, 130, 132, 147, 150, 160, 171, 173, 174, 180, 198, 201, 207, 238, 266, 276, 280, 303, 304, 308, 309, 313, 317, 354, 356, 370, 388, 394, 398, 401, 410, 427, 468, 482, 484, 485, 487, 494, 498, 502, 518, 519, 527, 528, 547, 548, 549, 556, 557, 562, 563, 564, 566, 585, 623, 631, 644, 646, 664, 666, 679, 680, 681, 687, 693, 697, 700, 711, 722, 730, 731, 743, 746, 790, 814, 819, 825, 843, 844, 907, 912, 913, 952, 953, 985, 992, 999, 1000, 1018, 1044, 1055, 1057, 1088, 1093, 1094, 1107, 1111, 1133, 1138, 1144, 1164, 1169, 1171, 1172

P.N. Singhal, J. n 48, 80, 95, 408, 538, 550, 712, 750, 818, 928, 1117, 1154

P.S. Kailasam, J. n 134, 135, 162, 281, 479, 551, 553, 721, 972, 995, 1022, 1154, 1183, 1196

P. Sathasivam, C.J. n 83, 84, 278, 360, 460, 461, 521, 603, 669, 753, 763, 764, 798, 808, 876, 1006, 1125, 1181

P. Sathasivam, J. n 24, 43, 44, 138, 195, 215, 216, 247, 258, 259, 262, 377, 435, 538, 589, 603, 627, 648, 658, 665, 744, 834, 859, 861, 881, 885, 949, 964, 1011, 1028, 1038, 1039, 1046, 1050, 1051, 1082, 1150, 1151, 1167, 1189

P. venkatarama Reddi, J. n 121, 125, 247, 1152, 1180

RR.B. Misra, J. n 83, 244, 313, 467,

491, 562, 715, 725, 726, 863, 906, 912, 913, 1017, 1064

R.C. Lahoti, C.J. n 355, 671, 672, 762R.C. Lahoti, J. n 5, 24, 60, 89, 115, 121,

129, 135, 190, 221, 242, 290, 328, 338, 362, 376, 385, 401, 409, 410, 415, 458, 459, 488, 544, 582, 596, 629, 704, 705, 709, 844, 956, 983, 1092, 1124, 1164

R.M. Lodha, C.J. n 126, 172, 213, 214, 241, 257, 344, 383, 691, 810, 916, 1005, 1006, 1049, 1106, 1177

R.M. Lodha, J. n 3, 112, 177, 214, 259, 403, 597, 625, 701, 881, 924, 944, 1091, 1114, 1128, 1153

R.M. Lodha, Madan B. Lokur and Kurian Joseph, JJ. n 486

R.M. Sahai, J. n 16, 33, 185, 249, 301, 327, 385, 386, 405, 407, 423, 436, 498, 500, 651, 653, 719, 786, 787, 966, 974, 1053, 1092, 1109, 1153, 1154, 1171

R.P. Sethi, J. n 25, 44, 45, 124, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 218, 246, 364, 365, 414, 457, 500, 545, 561, 582, 600, 612, 619, 630, 634, 651, 655, 672, 673, 755, 770, 781, 823, 951, 1014, 1083, 1092, 1122, 1127, 1177

R.S. Pathak, C.J. n 386, 492, 574, 598, 622, 677, 733, 738, 799, 852

R.S. Pathak, J. n 28, 100, 200, 236, 244, 306, 424, 527, 530, 563, 593, 755, 969, 994, 1017, 1018, 1054, 1064, 1168

R.S. Sarkaria, J. n 64, 75, 95, 137, 163, 189, 244, 252, 265, 442, 505, 509, 551, 563, 566, 702, 711, 712, 788, 789, 815, 820, 853, 866, 873, 923, 953, 972, 976, 1044, 1058, 1059, 1169

R.v. Raveendran, J. n 35, 69, 102, 199, 297, 298, 403, 457, 520, 525, 610, 617, 649, 796, 843, 904, 980, 996, 1010, 1050, 1094, 1095, 1123, 1125, 1128, 1135, 1162, 1164

LXii n THUS SPAKE THEiR LORDSHiPS!

R.v. Raveendran and A.K. Patnaik, JJ. n 229, 1091, 1199

Ranganath Misra, C.J., G.N. Ray and A.S. Anand, JJ. n 676

Ranganath Misra, C.J., M.N. venkatachaliah and M.M. Punchhi, JJ. n 622, 704

Ranganath Misra, C.J. n 242, 379, 622, 652, 1015, 1096

Ranganath Misra, J. n 26, 73, 211, 321, 331, 379, 392, 450, 487, 488, 500, 512, 574, 602, 612, 652, 730, 741, 755, 762, 823, 852, 921, 926, 935, 1181

Ranganath Misra and M.M. Dutt, JJ. n 1016

Ranganath Misra and M.N. venkatachaliah, JJ. n 116, 499

Ranjana P. Desai, J. n 197, 247, 267, 497, 699, 758, 834, 835, 888, 1056, 1192

Ranjan Gogoi, J. n 79, 80, 380, 419, 460, 511, 609, 668, 691, 735, 766, 1046, 1108, 1170

Ratnavel Pandian, J. n 218, 1123

Rohinton Fali Nariman, J. n 47, 278, 326, 536, 668, 690, 726, 732, 735, 921, 939, 997, 1038, 1079, 1080, 1199

Ruma Pal, J. n 145, 544

SS.B. Majmudar, J. n 240, 655

S.B. Sinha, J. n 24, 62, 78, 183, 230, 320, 338, 384, 391, 403, 449, 475, 532, 542, 543, 544, 560, 561, 627, 635, 704, 710, 736, 779, 805, 809, 825, 850, 878, 886, 891, 894, 895, 969, 982, 998, 1001, 1013, 1024, 1052, 1053, 1060, 1073, 1102, 1132, 1136, 1196, 1200

S.C. Agrawal, J. n 71, 123, 787, 1200

S.C. Roy, J. n 64, 888

S.H. Kapadia, C.J., K.S.P. Radhakrishnan and Swatanter Kumar, JJ. n 320

S.H. Kapadia, C.J. n 87, 107, 108, 175, 344, 377, 384, 461, 519, 698, 846, 898, 922, 956, 1011, 1134

S.H. Kapadia, C.J., Aftab Alam and K.S.P. Radhakrishnan, JJ. n 658, 1010

S.H. Kapadia, C.J., K.S.P. Radhakrishnan and Swatanter Kumar, JJ. n 124, 192, 1008, 1101

S.H. Kapadia, J. n 73, 88, 158, 179, 180, 284, 404, 466, 466, 511, 542, 611, 764, 901, 910, 982, 999, 1012, 1025, 1141

S.J. Mukhopadhaya, J. n 332, 824S.J. Mukhopadhaya and S.A. Bobde, JJ. n 382S.M. Sikri, C.J. n 56, 149, 153, 441,

471, 472, 813, 896, 953S.M. Sikri, J. n 41, 73, 340, 575, 739,

875, 915, 994, 1131, 1146S. Murtaza Fazal Ali, J. n 58, 78, 134,

139, 169, 200, 206, 209, 211, 237, 238, 318, 319, 402, 410, 414, 442, 451, 478, 483, 506, 512, 517, 528, 547, 550, 555, 594, 613, 624, 678, 680, 709, 720, 722, 758, 781, 821, 828, 830, 853, 855, 892, 930, 936, 958, 961, 962, 977, 987, 1041, 1113, 1116, 1174, 1185

S.N. Dwivedi, J. n 73, 88, 128, 132, 154, 166, 170, 193, 428, 448, 471, 472, 614, 767, 811

S.N. variava, J. n 231, 242, 888, 949S. Natarajan, J. n 46S.P. Bharucha, J. n 145, 378, 484, 1063S. Rajendra Babu, J. n 115, 159, 362,

378, 709, 852, 1065, 1135S. Ranganathan, J. n 11, 379, 885S. Ratnavel Pandian, J. n 26, 75, 150, 165,

194, 244, 398, 448, 515, 526, 530, 546, 571, 576, 586, 590, 616, 621, 624, 674, 675, 912, 1001, 1015, 1121

S.S.M. Quadri, J. n 279, 444, 629, 650, 1013, 1124

S.S. Nijjar, J. n 152, 269, 277, 318, 383, 421, 455, 541, 581, 592, 598, 697, 846, 861, 899, 951, 1026, 1122, 1125, 1148, 1188, 1194

JUDGE iNDEX n LXiii

S. Saghir Ahmad, J. n 422, 716, 758, 930, 945, 965, 1193, 1193

Sabyasachi Mukharji, C.J. n 175, 235, 373, 423, 484, 546, 561, 576, 652, 676, 691, 844

Sabyasachi Mukharji, J. n 11, 15, 26, 27, 70, 91, 140, 146, 203, 302, 329, 381, 437, 467, 507, 510, 547, 562, 586, 600, 603, 613, 630, 635, 643, 653, 656, 659, 666, 677, 749, 759, 773, 788, 863, 895, 907, 915, 917, 951, 997, 999, 1017, 1025, 1072, 1137, 1141

Shivaraj v. Patil, J. n 693

Suhas C. Sen, J. n 234, 1136

Sujata v. Manohar, J. n 77, 338, 1083

Swatanter Kumar, J. n 22, 65, 69, 91, 109, 136, 172, 228, 263, 279, 286, 297, 315, 321, 419, 420, 433, 449, 458, 462, 483, 522, 523, 524, 588, 590, 610, 627, 659, 670, 735, 741, 763, 784, 805, 899, 926, 947, 950, 956, 995, 998, 1007, 1029, 1081, 1082, 1109, 1162, 1164

TT.K. Thommen, J. n 49, 157, 350, 518, 546,

605, 698, 705, 782, 806, 940, 984

T.S. Thakur, J. n 2, 3, 21, 61, 92, 133, 204, 228, 259, 286, 358, 361, 363, 418, 421, 433, 560, 903, 917, 922, 939, 954, 1005, 1011, 1094

Tarun Chatterjee, J. n 844, 980

UUmesh C. Banerjee, J. n 84, 232, 233, 326,

331, 406, 478, 505, 544, 545, 650, 651, 655, 672, 911, 934, 1098, 1124, 1147

Vv. Bhargava, J. n 74, 429, 559, 1169v.D. Tulzapurkar, J. n 323,

550, 587, 818, 1183v. Gopala Gowda, J. n 568, 640, 753, 1056v. Khalid, J. n 745, 799, 963v.N. Khare, C.J. n 145, 544, 948, 971v.N. Khare, J. n 327, 393, 500, 1014v.R. Krishna iyer, D.A. Desai and

A.D. Koshal, JJ. n 571v.R. Krishna iyer, J. n 6, 7, 10, 17, 18, 19, 29,

30, 31, 32, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 60, 68, 70, 75, 76, 81, 82, 86, 93, 97, 98, 99, 104, 105, 109, 118, 119, 123, 127, 129, 130, 134, 137, 138, 139, 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, 159, 160, 164, 167, 171, 173, 174, 176, 178, 179, 181, 187, 188, 194, 196, 197, 212, 219, 221, 224, 225, 237, 238, 239, 244, 246, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 261, 262, 264, 265, 271, 272, 273, 276, 281, 282, 283, 292, 293, 302, 303, 309, 311, 314, 323, 325, 341, 342, 349, 352, 353, 355, 357, 358, 360, 362, 363, 365, 366, 368, 369, 387, 388, 396, 398, 400, 401, 407, 408, 410, 411, 412, 417, 425, 427, 428, 432, 434, 435, 437, 444, 446, 451, 457, 458, 468, 469, 476, 477, 484, 491, 496, 497, 499, 504, 505, 507, 509, 511, 515, 517, 518, 526, 529, 530, 531, 534, 535, 536, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 557, 558, 563, 564, 567, 568, 574, 577, 585, 587, 590, 594, 595, 597, 599, 601, 602, 604, 605, 607, 608, 609, 614, 616, 623, 624, 625, 631, 632, 633, 634, 637, 638, 645, 646, 647, 654, 660, 662, 666, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 694, 696, 697, 699, 702, 703, 706, 708, 710, 715, 721, 726, 731, 733, 734, 738, 742, 743, 746, 747, 749, 764, 775, 780, 782, 789, 790, 791, 804, 805, 806, 810, 814, 816, 817, 820, 821, 822, 823, 825, 826, 829, 830, 832, 835, 836, 844, 853, 856, 858, 862, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 877, 878, 879, 880, 885, 886, 889, 890, 892, 896,

LXiv n THUS SPAKE THEiR LORDSHiPS!

v.R. Krishna iyer, J. (contd.) n 897, 907, 913, 914, 915, 925, 926, 928, 930, 931, 935, 936, 937, 938, 941, 945, 948, 955, 956, 961, 962, 963, 964, 969, 971, 972, 975, 985, 986, 988, 989, 992, 995, 1003, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1027, 1032, 1035, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1054, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1074, 1075, 1077, 1078, 1087, 1088, 1093, 1094, 1100, 1103, 1104, 1106, 1107

1110, 1120, 1125, 1134, 1135, 1148, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1159, 1165, 1170, 1174, 1179, 1187, 1188, 1190, 1196, 1197, 1199

v.R. Krishna iyer and A.C. Gupta, JJ. n 416

v. Ramaswami, J. n 429, 503, 636, 828, 921, 978, 1131

vikramajit Sen, J. n 226, 227, 266, 579, 640, 700, 848, 849, 877, 1081

YY.K. Sabharwal, C.J. n 51, 66, 87, 174, 322,

367, 465, 466, 474, 542, 628, 692, 695, 773, 942, 1012, 1013, 1027, 1125, 1127

Y.K. Sabharwal, J. n 332, 378, 422, 457, 833, 1135

Y.v. Chandrachud, C.J., D.A. Desai, A.P. Sen, E.S. venkataramiah and Baharul islam, JJ. n 236

Y.v. Chandrachud, C.J. n 12, 93, 126, 132, 133, 147, 161, 251, 279, 280, 349, 350, 387, 395, 400, 407, 425, 426, 468, 488, 537, 642, 643, 657, 679, 693, 710, 716, 730, 744, 787, 819, 839, 842, 931, 1073, 1190

Y.v. Chandrachud, J. n 34, 51, 52, 60, 94, 111, 128, 130, 142, 148, 164, 185, 201, 246, 250, 267, 304, 319, 322, 371, 411, 426, 440, 444, 472, 481, 484, 504, 512, 516, 529, 552, 555, 556, 557, 565, 572, 573, 590, 592, 594, 605, 633, 646, 680, 702, 722, 756, 767, 842, 853, 865, 874, 889, 1036, 1044, 1088, 1162, 1191

Table of Cases

AA.B. Bhaskara Rao v. CBI, (2011) 10

SCC 259 n 215, 216, 1038A.B.C. Laminart (P) Ltd. v. A.P. Agencies,

(1989) 2 SCC 163 n 103A.K. Kraipak v. Union of India,

(1969) 2 SCC 262 n 792A.K.M. Hassan Uzzaman v. Union of

India, (1982) 2 SCC 218 n 236A.K. Roy v. State of Punjab, (1986) 4 SCC 326 n 291A.K. Roy v. Union of India, (1982) 1 SCC 271 n 142A.M. Mathur v. Pramod Kumar Gupta,

(1990) 2 SCC 533 n 622A.N. Sehgal v. Raje Ram Sheoran,

1992 Supp (1) SCC 304 n 960A.P. Dairy Development Corpn. Federation v. B.

Narasimha Reddy, (2011) 9 SCC 286 n 206, 1109A.P. Grain and Seed Merchants Assn. v.

Union of India, (1970) 2 SCC 71 n 903A.P. State Financial Corpn. v. Gar Re-Rolling

Mills, (1994) 2 SCC 647 n 406A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Nayak, (1988) 2 SCC 602 n

26, 224, 467, 602, 618, 635, 653, 678, 852, 915A.S. Mittal v. State of U.P., (1989) 3 SCC 223 n 499A.S. Mohammed Rafi v. State of T.N.,

(2011) 1 SCC 688 n 882A.S. Narayana Deekshitulu v. State of A.P.,

(1996) 9 SCC 548 n 300, 673, 966A. Sanjeevi Naidu v. State of Madras,

(1970) 1 SCC 443 n 429, 766A. Subash Babu v. State of A.P., (2011) 7

SCC 616 n 448, 1078, 1128, 1129A. Sundarambal v. Govt. of Goa, Daman

and Diu, (1988) 4 SCC 42 n 1055A. Venkatasubbiah Naidu v. S. Chellappan,

(2000) 7 SCC 695 n 501, 878Aarushi Dhasmana v. Union of India,

(2013) 9 SCC 475 n 592, 727, 810Aashirwad Films v. Union of India,

(2007) 6 SCC 624 n 1113Abdul Karim v. State of Karnataka,

(2000) 8 SCC 710 n 484

Abdul Razak v. Mangesh Rajaram Wagle, (2010) 2 SCC 432 n 421

Abdus Sukkur v. State of W.B., (1972) 2 SCC 547 n 973

Abhay Singh Surana v. Indian Rayon and Industries Ltd., (1988) 4 SCC 358 n 653

Abhay Singh v. State of U.P., (2013) 15 SCC 435 n 4, 323

Abhijit Tea Co. (P) Ltd. v. Terai Tea Co. (P) Ltd., (1996) 1 SCC 589 n 536

Accountant & Secretarial Services (P) Ltd. v. Union of India, (1988) 4 SCC 324 n 11

Acharya Maharajshri Narendra Prasadji Anandprasadji Maharaj v. State of Gujarat, (1975) 1 SCC 11 n 470

Adambhai Sulemanbhai Ajmeri v. State of Gujarat, (2014) 7 SCC 716 n 568

Adarsh Shiksha Mahavidyalaya v. Subhash Rahangdale, (2012) 2 SCC 425 n 1144, 1146

Adi Pherozshah Gandhi v. H.M. Seervai, Advocate General of Maharashtra, (1970) 2 SCC 484 n 85

ADM, Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla, (1976) 2 SCC 521 n 7, 131, 174, 370, 371, 557, 687, 722, 734, 792, 826, 864, 865, 876, 1001, 1020, 1034, 1088, 1200

Advocate General, State of Bihar v. M.P. Khair Industries, (1980) 3 SCC 311 n 28, 237

Afzal v. State of Haryana, 1995 Supp (2) SCC 388 n 45

Agarwal & Co. v. CIT, (1970) 2 SCC 48 n 505Agarwal Engineering Co. v. Technoimpex

Hungarian Machine Industries Foreign Trade Co., (1977) 4 SCC 367 n 17, 50

Ahmedabad Mfg. & Calico Ptg. Co. Ltd. v. Ram Tahel Ramnand, (1972) 1 SCC 898 n 1069

Ahmedabad Municipal Corpn. v. Haji Abdulgafur Haji Hussenbhai, (1971) 1 SCC 757 n 796

Ahmedabad Municipal Corpn. v. Nawab Khan Gulab Khan, (1997) 11 SCC 121 n 375

Ahmedabad St. Xavier’s College Society v. State of Gujarat, (1974) 1 SCC 717 n 48, 342, 343, 350, 428, 448, 471, 767, 768, 769, 770, 962, 1032

Ahmed Hussein Vali Mohammed Saiyed v. State of Gujarat, (2009) 7 SCC 254 n 1039

LXVI n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

AIIMS Students’ Union v. AIIMS, (2002) 1 SCC 428 n 121, 135, 328, 385, 401, 458, 459, 983

Air India Statutory Corpn. v. United Labour Union, (1997) 9 SCC 377 n 892, 1066

Air India v. Nergesh Meerza, (1981) 4 SCC 335 n 318, 319, 758

Ajahar Ali v. State of W.B., (2013) 10 SCC 31 n 774, 916

Ajaib Singh v. Sirhind Coop. Marketing-Cum-Processing Service Society Ltd., (1999) 6 SCC 82 n 634

Ajay Dixit v. State of U.P., (1984) 4 SCC 400 n 15Ajay Goswami v. Union of India,

(2007) 1 SCC 143 n 38Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib Sehravardi, (1981)

1 SCC 722 n 180, 207, 468, 482, 484Ajay Kumar Pandey, Advocate, In re,

(1998) 7 SCC 248 n 197, 619, 1014Ajay Maken v. Adesh Kumar Gupta,

(2013) 3 SCC 489 n 641Ajaypal Singh v. Haryana Warehousing

Corpn., (2015) 6 SCC 321 n 382Ajit Kumar Chaudhary v. State of

Bihar, (1972) 2 SCC 451 n 240Akalu Ahir v. Ramdeo Ram, (1973) 2

SCC 583 n 502, 503, 602, 937Akhil Bharatiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh (Railway)

v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 246 n 173, 176, 313, 526, 634, 886, 985, 986, 1170

Akhil Bhartiya Upbhokta Congress v. State of M.P., (2011) 5 SCC 29 n 389, 392, 420, 1109, 1111

Akhtari Bi v. State of M.P., (2001) 4 SCC 355 n 500, 1177

Alembic Chemical Works Co. Ltd. v. CIT, (1989) 3 SCC 329 n 604

Aligarh Municipal Board v. Ekka Tonga Mazdoor Union, (1970) 3 SCC 98 n 193, 208

Alijan Mian v. Distt. Magistrate, (1983) 4 SCC 301 n 863

All-India Federation of Tax Practitioners v. Union of India, (2007) 7 SCC 527 n 180

Allauddin Mian v. State of Bihar, (1989) 3 SCC 5 n 253, 1041

All India Bank Officers’ Confederation v. Union of India, (1989) 4 SCC 90 n 782

All India Judges Assn. v. Union of India, (2010) 14 SCC 705 n 658, 1010

All India Judges’ Assn. (I) v. Union of India, (1992) 1 SCC 119 n 622, 652

All India Judges’ Assn. (3) v. Union of India, (2002) 4 SCC 247 n 616, 629

All Party Hill Leaders’ Conference v. Capt. W.A. Sangma, (1977) 4 SCC 161 n 361, 763

All Saints High School v. Govt. of A.P., (1980) 2 SCC 478 n 349, 350, 484, 767

Almitra H. Patel v. Union of India, (2000) 2 SCC 679 n 745, 1059

Aluminium Corpn. of India Ltd. v. Union of India, (1975) 2 SCC 472 n 1021

Amalgamated Tea Estates Co. Ltd. v. State of Kerala, (1974) 4 SCC 415 n 128

Amar Chandra Chakraborty v. Collector of Excise, (1972) 2 SCC 442 n 351, 1157, 1158

Amar Nath Basheshar Dass v. Tek Chand, (1972) 1 SCC 893 n 1149

Amar Pal Singh v. State of U.P., (2012) 6 SCC 491 n 523, 597

Amar Singh v. Union of India, (2011) 7 SCC 69 n 453, 670, 740, 1166

Ambalal D. Bhatt v. State of Gujarat, (1972) 3 SCC 525 n 103, 890

Ambika Prasad Mishra v. State of U.P., (1980) 3 SCC 719 n 49, 151, 681, 1066

American Express Bank Ltd. v. Calcutta Steel Co., (1993) 2 SCC 199 n 651

American Home Products Corpn. v. Mac Labs. (P) Ltd., (1986) 1 SCC 465 n 1159

Amiya Kumar Karmakar v. State of W.B., (1972) 2 SCC 672 n 920

Amrik Singh v. State of Punjab, 1988 Supp SCC 685 n 1041

Amrit Bhushan Gupta v. Union of India, (1977) 1 SCC 180 n 283, 556

Amritsar Improvement Trust v. Baldeva Inder Singh, (1972) 1 SCC 165 n 845

Anand Behari v. Rajasthan SRTC, (1991) 1 SCC 731 n 990

Ananta Mukhi v. State of W.B., (1972) 1 SCC 580 n 920, 974

Angad Das v. Union of India, (2010) 3 SCC 463 n 845

Angrej Kaur v. Union of India, (2005) 4 SCC 446: 2005 SCC (Cri) 1054 n 672

Anil Chandra v. Radha Krishna Gaur, (2009) 9 SCC 454 n 980

Anil Panjwani, In re, (2003) 7 SCC 375 n 190Anil Rai v. State of Bihar, (2001) 7

SCC 318 n 619, 630, 1092Animal Welfare Board of India v. A. Nagaraja,

(2014) 7 SCC 547 n 726, 727Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad v. State of Maharashtra,

(2013) 6 SCC 770 n 133, 259Anthonyswamy v. M.R. Chinnaswamy

Koundan, (1969) 3 SCC 15 n 828Anuj Garg v. Hotel Assn. of India, (2008) 3

SCC 1 n 475, 710, 809, 825, 1060, 1196

TABLE OF CASES n LXVII

Anwar v. State of J&K, (1971) 3 SCC 104 n 495Aravali Golf Club v. Chander Hass,

(2008) 1 SCC 683 n 581Arcot Textile Mills Ltd. v. Regl. Provident

Fund Commr., (2013) 16 SCC 1 n 784Arjun v. State of Rajasthan, 1994

Supp (3) SCC 189 n 375Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar, (2014)

8 SCC 273 n 9, 71, 249, 835Arumugam Servai v. State of T.N.,

(2011) 6 SCC 405 n 508Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug v. Union

of India, (2011) 4 SCC 524 n 409Aruna Roy v. Union of India, (2002) 7 SCC

368 n 88, 299, 338, 777, 965, 1029, 1129Arun Devendra Oza v. State of Gujarat,

(2001) 10 SCC 195 n 84Arundhati Ashok Walavalkar v. State

of Maharashtra, (2011) 11 SCC 324: (2011) 2 SCC (L&S) 214 n 1008

Arundhati Roy, In re, (2002) 3 SCC 343 n 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 582, 619, 1014, 1083, 1122

Arun Ghosh v. State of W.B., (1970) 1 SCC 98 n 921Arun Kumar Agrawal v. National Insurance Co.

Ltd., (2010) 9 SCC 218 n 477, 1193, 1195Arun Kumar Agrawal v. Union of India,

(2014) 2 SCC 609 n 455, 1026Arun Kumar Bose v. Mohd. Furkan

Ansari, (1984) 1 SCC 91 n 1181Arun Kumar Roy v. State of W.B.,

(1972) 3 SCC 893 n 1105Arun v. Addl. I.G. of Police, (1986)

3 SCC 696 n 235Arup Bhuyan v. State of Assam,

(2011) 3 SCC 377 n 262Arvind Singh v. State of Bihar,

(2001) 6 SCC 407 n 326Ashabai v. State of Maharashtra,

(2013) 2 SCC 224 n 247Asharam M. Jain v. A.T. Gupta,

(1983) 4 SCC 125 n 631, 742Asha Sharma v. Chandigarh Admn., (2011)

10 SCC 86 n 65, 109, 420, 956Ash Mohammad v. Shiv Raj Singh,

(2012) 9 SCC 446 n 296, 718Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. State of Bihar,

(1995) 5 SCC 403 n 984Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of

India, (2011) 12 SCC 793 n 849Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India, (2008) 6

SCC 1 n 87, 102, 176, 306, 337, 346, 347, 384, 390, 391, 393, 397, 452, 464, 719, 725, 803, 932, 951, 980, 981, 982, 1029, 1052, 1062, 1102

Ashok Kumar Thakur (8) v. Union of India, (2007) 4 SCC 361 n 48, 126

Ashok Kumar Todi v. Kishwar Jahan, (2011) 3 SCC 758 n 538

Ashok Kumar v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1980) 2 SCC 282 n 341, 444

Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan, (1991) 1 SCC 166 n 327

Ashok Shankarrao Chavan v. Madhavrao Kinhalkar, (2014) 7 SCC 99 n 209, 369

Ashutosh Gupta v. State of Rajasthan, (2002) 4 SCC 34 n 384, 385, 390

Ashwani Kumar v. State of Bihar, (1997) 2 SCC 1 n 655

Assam Sanmilita Mahasangha v. Union of India, (2015) 3 SCC 1 n 997

Assessing Authority-cum-Excise and Taxation Officer v. East India Cotton Mfg. Co. Ltd., (1981) 3 SCC 531 n 563

Assn. for Environment Protection v. State of Kerala, (2013) 7 SCC 226 n 376, 929

Assn. of Unified Tele Services Providers v. Union of India, (2014) 6 SCC 110 n 144, 793, 814

Associated Cement Co. Ltd. v. CTO, (1981) 4 SCC 578 n 548

ATIC Industries Ltd. v. Workmen, (1972) 2 SCC 88 n 636

Atmaram Builders (P) Ltd. v. A.K. Tuli, (2011) 6 SCC 385 n 455

Aurangabad Electricals (P) Ltd. v. CCE & Customs, (2011) 1 SCC 121 n 1147

Authorised Officer v. S. Naganatha Ayyar, (1979) 3 SCC 466 n 551, 631, 666

Aveek Sarkar v. State of W.B., (2014) 4 SCC 257 n 802

Avinash Mehrotra v. Union of India, (2009) 6 SCC 398 n 345, 464

Avinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979) 1 SCC 137 n 154, 292, 293

Awadhi Yadav v. State of Bihar, (1971) 3 SCC 116 n 120

Ayya Ayub v. State of U.P., (1989) 1 SCC 374 n 863Azam Jha Bahadur v. Expenditure Tax

Officer, (1971) 3 SCC 621 n 559Azhar Hussain v. Rajiv Gandhi, 1986

(Supp) SCC 315 n 368Azija Begum v. State of Maharashtra,

(2012) 3 SCC 126 n 569Azizul Haque v. State of U.P.,

(1971) 3 SCC 796 n 792

LXVIII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

BB.A. Jayaram v. Union of India,

(1984) 1 SCC 168 n 417B.A. Linga Reddy v. Karnataka State Transport

Authority, (2015) 4 SCC 515 n 784B.B. Rajwanshi v. State of U.P.,

(1988) 2 SCC 415 n 423B. Banerjee v. Anita Pan, (1975) 1

SCC 166 n 931, 1021B.G. Goswami v. Delhi Admn., (1974)

3 SCC 85 n 936, 1044B.K. Mohapatra v. State of Orissa,

1987 Supp SCC 553 n 15B.K. Narayana Pillai v. Parameswaran

Pillai, (2000) 1 SCC 711 n 25B.L. Wadhera v. Union of India,

(2002) 9 SCC 108 n 1127B.M. Patel v. N.K. Barot, (1974) 2 SCC

706 n 212, 219, 412, 742, 797B.N. Mutto v. T.K. Nandi, (1979) 1 SCC 361 n 551B.P. Achala Anand v. S. Appi Reddy,

(2005) 3 SCC 313 n 672B.P. Sharma v. Union of India,

(2003) 7 SCC 309 n 450B.P. Singhal v. Union of India, (2010)

6 SCC 331 n 298, 843B.P. Singh v. State of Bihar, (2001) 2 SCC 305 n 376B. Prabhakar Rao v. State of A.P.,

1985 Supp SCC 432 n 643B. Premanand v. Mohan Koikal,

(2011) 4 SCC 266 n 693B.R. Enterprises v. State of U.P.,

(1999) 9 SCC 700 n 475B.R. Kapur v. State of T.N., (2001) 7 SCC 231 n 145B.R. Singh v. Union of India,

(1989) 4 SCC 710 n 1116B. Sundar Rao v. State of Orissa,

(1972) 3 SCC 11 n 920, 973Babaji Kondaji v. Nasik Merchants Co-operation

Bank Ltd., (1984) 2 SCC 50 n 985Babubhai Jamnadas Patel v. State of

Gujarat, (2009) 9 SCC 610 n 230Babu Rajirao Shinde v. State of Maharashtra,

(1971) 3 SCC 337 n 61Babu Ram Jagdish Kumar & Co. v. State

of Punjab, (1979) 3 SCC 616 n 1117Baburao Bajirao Patil v. State of Maharashtra,

(1971) 3 SCC 432 n 142Babu Singh v. State of U.P., (1978) 1 SCC

579 n 81, 601, 733, 816, 1093Bachan Singh v. Prithvi Singh,

(1975) 1 SCC 368 n 1169

Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1982) 3 SCC 24 n 18, 150, 160, 280, 313

Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979) 3 SCC 727 n 162, 281

Badrinarayan Chunilal Bhutada v. Govindram Ramgopal Mundada, (2003) 2 SCC 320 n 1164

Badshah v. Urmila Badshah Godse, (2014) 1 SCC 188 n 541, 669

Baigana v. Dy. Collector of Consolidation, (1978) 2 SCC 461 n 1125

Bai Radha v. State of Gujarat, (1969) 1 SCC 43 n 1026

Bai Tahira v. Ali Hussain Fidaalli Chothia, (1979) 2 SCC 316 n 683

Bakhshish Singh v. State of Punjab, (1971) 3 SCC 182 n 120

Balchand Choraria v. Union of India, (1978) 1 SCC 161 n 722

Balchand Jain v. State of M.P., (1976) 4 SCC 572 n 58

BALCO Employees’ Union v. Union of India, (2002) 2 SCC 333 n 232, 299, 910, 911

Baldev Raj Guliani v. Punjab & Haryana High Court, (1976) 4 SCC 201 n 168, 1134

Baliram Waman Hiray (Dr) v. Justice B. Lentin, (1988) 4 SCC 419 n 678

Balkrishna Somnath v. Sadu Devram Koli, (1977) 2 SCC 15 n 708

Ballarpur Collieries Co. v. Presiding Officer, C.G.I.T., (1972) 2 SCC 27 n 532

Balmer Lawrie Workers’ Union v. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd., 1984 Supp SCC 663 n 1173

Balram Kumawat v. Union of India, (2003) 7 SCC 628 n 704

Balwant Narayan Bhagde v. M.D. Bhagwat, (1976) 1 SCC 700 n 293

Balwant Rai Saluja v. Air India Ltd., (2014) 9 SCC 407 n 325, 848

Balwant Singh v. Anand Kumar Sharma, (2003) 3 SCC 433 n 971

Balwant Singh v. Commr. of Police, (2015) 4 SCC 801 n 162

Balwant Singh v. State of Bihar, (1977) 4 SCC 448 n 30

Balwant Singh v. State of Punjab, (1976) 1 SCC 425 n 283

Banarsi v. Ram Phal, (2003) 9 SCC 606 n 60, 844Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of

India, (1997) 10 SCC 549 n 116Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, (1984)

3 SCC 161 n 236, 468, 593, 664, 994Bangalore Medical Trust v. B.S. Muddappa,

(1991) 4 SCC 54 n 423, 436

TABLE OF CASES n LXIX

Bangalore Turf Club Ltd. v. ESI Corpn., (2014) 9 SCC 657 n 540

Bangalore Water Supply & Sewerage Board v. A. Rajappa, (1978) 2 SCC 213 n 109, 342, 533, 534, 535, 552, 564, 594, 662, 880, 1019, 1074, 1156

Bank of India v. T.S. Kelawala, (1990) 4 SCC 744 n 772, 1182, 1197

Baradakanta Mishra v. Registrar of Orissa High Court, (1974) 1 SCC 374 n 32, 188, 194, 196, 239, 241, 428, 585, 1077

Baradakanta Misra v. Bhimsen Dixit, (1973) 1 SCC 446 n 193

Bar Council of Maharashtra v. M.V. Dabholkar, (1975) 2 SCC 702 n 85, 86, 557, 885

Bar Council of Maharashtra v. M.V. Dabholkar, (1976) 2 SCC 291 n 46, 47, 1020

Basavva Kom Dyamangouda Patil v. State of Mysore, (1977) 4 SCC 358 n 892

Basti Sugar Mills v. State of U.P., (1979) 2 SCC 88 n 531, 637, 1067

Basudev Hazra v. Matiar Rahaman Mandal, (1971) 1 SCC 433 n 1130

Beenu Rawat v. Union of India, (2013) 16 SCC 430 n 727

Bennett Coleman & Co. v. Union of India, (1972) 2 SCC 788 n 240, 371, 416, 473, 1089, 1090

Bhag Mal v. Ch. Parbhu Ram, (1985) 1 SCC 61 n 302

Bhagwan Dass v. State (NCT of Delhi), (2011) 6 SCC 396 n 508

Bhagwan Munjaji Pawade v. State of Maharashtra, (1978) 3 SCC 330 n 442

Bhagwan Singh v. State of M.P., (2002) 4 SCC 85 n 770

Bhagwan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1992) 3 SCC 249 n 1155, 1156

Bhagwan Swaroop v. Mool Chand, (1983) 2 SCC 132 n 644

Bhagwant P. Sulakhe v. Digambar G. Sulakhe, (1986) 1 SCC 366 n 572

Bharat Aluminium Co. v. Kaiser Aluminium Technical Services Inc., (2012) 9 SCC 552 n 541

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. v. Union of India, (2006) 3 SCC 1 n 709

Bharat Steel Tubes Ltd. v. State of Haryana, (1988) 3 SCC 478 n 73

Bhartiya Seva Samaj Trust v. Yogeshbhai Ambalal Patel, (2012) 9 SCC 310 n 334

Bharwada Bhoginbhai Hirjibhai v. State of Gujarat, (1983) 3 SCC 217 n 208

Bhavan Vaja v. S.H.K. Mansang, (1973) 2 SCC 40 n 558

Bhawanji Lakhamshi v. Himatlal Jamnadas Dani, (1972) 1 SCC 388 n 695

Bhim Singhji v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 166 n 236, 715, 896

Bhim Singh v. Election Commr. of India, (1996) 4 SCC 188 n 365

Bhim Singh v. State of J&K, (1985) 4 SCC 677 n 273

Bhim Singh v. Union of India, (2010) 5 SCC 538 n 1050, 1051

Bhoop Singh v. Union of India, (1992) 3 SCC 136 n 319, 407

Bhupendra Nath Hazarika v. State of Assam, (2013) 2 SCC 516 n 481

Bhupinder Sharma v. State of H.P., (2003) 8 SCC 551 n 231, 609

Bhut Nath Mete v. State of W.B., (1974) 1 SCC 645 n 123

Bhuwan Mohan Singh v. Meena, (2015) 6 SCC 353 n 749, 756

Bibi Saddiqa Fatima v. Saiyed Mohammad Mahmood Hasan, (1978) 3 SCC 299 n 387, 781

Bigyan Kumar v. Union of India, (1988) 3 SCC 603 n 1016

Bihar Hindu Religious Trust Board v. Nalini Choudhari, (1973) 2 SCC 752 n 636

Biharilal Jaiswal v. CIT, (1996) 1 SCC 443 n 674Bihar Legal Support Society v. Chief Justice of

India, (1986) 4 SCC 767 n 80, 592, 912Bijay Kumar Mahanty v. Jadu,

(2003) 1 SCC 644 n 833Bijili Cotton Mills (P) Ltd. v. Presiding Officer,

Industrial Tribunal II, (1972) 1 SCC 840 n 507Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala,

(1986) 3 SCC 615 n 967Bimal Chandra Banerjee v. State of

M.P., (1970) 2 SCC 467 n 1140Birbal Singh v. Kedar Nath, (1976) 4 SCC 691 n 411Bishambher Bhagat v. State of Bihar,

(1972) 3 SCC 260 n 890, 1175Bishnu Deo Shaw v. State of W.B., (1979) 3

SCC 714 n 261, 281, 282, 307, 593, 990Board of Control for Cricket in India v. Cricket

Assn. of Bihar, (2015) 3 SCC 251 n 92, 922, 1094Board of Mining Examination v. Ramjee,

(1977) 2 SCC 256 n 685, 791, 1063Board of Revenue v. A.M. Ansari,

(1976) 3 SCC 512 n 723Board of Trustees of Martyrs Memorial Trust v.

Union of India, (2012) 10 SCC 734 n 597Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty,

(1996) 1 SCC 490 n 945, 1193

LXX n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Bolani Ores Ltd. v. State of Orissa, (1974) 2 SCC 777 n 558

Bombay Art International v. Om Pal Singh Hoon, (1996) 4 SCC 1 n 1063

Bombay Gas Co. v. Jagannath Pandurang, (1975) 4 SCC 690 n 978

Borpukhurie Tea Estate v. Presiding Officer, Industrial Tribunal, (1978) 2 SCC 667 n 237, 238

Brahmanand v. Kaushalya Devi, (1977) 3 SCC 1 n 137

Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply & Transport Undertaking v. Laqshya Media (P) Ltd., (2010) 1 SCC 620 n 435

Brij Mohan Lal v. Union of India, (2012) 6 SCC 502 n 321, 483, 522, 523, 763, 1007

Brij Mohan Lal v. Union of India, (2002) 5 SCC 1 n 629

Budhadev Karmaskar v. State of W.B., (2011) 11 SCC 538 n 728

Budhadev Karmaskar (3) v. State of W.B., (2011) 10 SCC 277 n 728

Burdwan Central Coop. Bank Ltd. v. Asim Chatterjee, (2012) 2 SCC 641 n 316

Busching Schmitz (P) Ltd. v. P.T. Menghani, (1977) 2 SCC 835 n 694, 1094, 1120

CC.B. Muthamma v. Union of India,

(1979) 4 SCC 260 n 476, 1196C. Buchivenkata Rao v. Union of India,

(1972) 1 SCC 734 n 1119C. Chenga Reddy v. State of A.P.,

(1996) 10 SCC 193 n 406C.F. Angadi v. Y.S. Hirannayya,

(1972) 1 SCC 191 n 415C.G. Ghanshamdas v. Collector of Madras,

(1986) 4 SCC 305 n 14, 840C.J. Patel & Co. v. Industrial Court,

Maharashtra, (1972) 2 SCC 46 n 662C. Krishna Prasad v. CIT, (1975) 1 SCC 160 n 573C.L. Subramaniam v. Collector of

Customs, (1972) 3 SCC 542 n 791C.M. Arumugam v. S. Rajgopal,

(1976) 1 SCC 863 n 102C. Masilamani Mudaliar v. Idol of Sri

Swaminathaswami Swaminathaswami Thirukoil, (1996) 8 SCC 525 n 515

C.N. Rudramurthy v. K. Barkathulla Khan, (1998) 8 SCC 275 n 852

C. Ravichandran Iyer v. Justice A.M. Bhattacharjee, (1995) 5 SCC 457 n 242, 525, 578, 583, 584, 619

C. Roadways v. Pandiyan Roadways Corpn. Ltd., (1977) 3 SCC 558 n 416

Caetano Piedade Fernandes v. Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, (1977) 1 SCC 707 n 61

CAG v. K.S. Jagannathan, (1986) 2 SCC 679 n 1026Calcutta Tramways Co. Ltd. v. CWT,

(1973) 3 SCC 35 n 1057Capt. Ramesh Chander Kaushal v. Veena

Kaushal, (1978) 4 SCC 70 n 129, 477, 1067Carborandum & Co. v. CIT,

(1977) 2 SCC 862 n 519Carew & Co. v. Union of India, (1975)

2 SCC 791 n 557, 687, 805Carles Sobraj v. Supt., Central Jail,

(1978) 4 SCC 104 n 1061CBI v. Ashok Kumar Aggarwal,

(2014) 14 SCC 295 n 213CBI v. Jagjit Singh, (2013) 10 SCC 686 n 332CBI v. K. Narayana Rao, (2012)

9 SCC 512 n 881, 885CBI v. Kishore Singh, (2011) 6 SCC 369 n 832CBSE v. Aditya Bandopadhyay,

(2011) 8 SCC 497 n 996CCE v. Dunlop India Ltd., (1985) 1 SCC 260 n 907CCE v. Jainson Hosiery Industries,

(1979) 4 SCC 22 n 571CCT v. Shukla & Bros., (2010) 4

SCC 785 n 659, 805, 947CED v. Alladi Kuppuswamy,

(1977) 3 SCC 385 n 206CED v. Aloke Mitra, (1981) 2 SCC 121 n 89CED v. Haji Abdul Sattar Sait,

(1972) 2 SCC 350 n 274Census Commr. v. R. Krishnamurthy,

(2015) 2 SCC 796 n 17, 540, 579Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha v.

Dhobei Sahoo, (2014) 1 SCC 161 n 669, 908, 940Central Inland Water Transport Corpn. v. Brojo

Nath Ganguly, (1986) 3 SCC 156 n 311, 447, 467, 678, 994, 1054, 1099, 1100, 1173

Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India, (2012) 3 SCC 117 n 855, 899, 924

Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India, (2012) 3 SCC 1 n 5, 394, 420, 610, 793, 794, 1101, 1110

Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 1 n 107

Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India, (2005) 8 SCC 202: (2006) 1 SCC (Cri) 23 n 649

TABLE OF CASES n LXXI

Centre for Public Interest v. Union of India, (2005) 8 SCC 202 n 842

Century Spg. & Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra, (1972) 3 SCC 282 n 110

Chaitanya Kalbagh v. State of U.P., (1989) 2 SCC 314 n 492

Chaitanya Kumar v. State of Karnataka., (1986) 2 SCC 594 n 1016

Chameli Singh v. State of U.P., (1996) 2 SCC 549 n 729

Champalal Binani v. CIT, (1971) 3 SCC 20 n 110Chander Sekhar Singh Bhoi v. State of

Orissa, (1972) 1 SCC 63 n 41Chandra Bhal v. State of U.P.,

(1971) 3 SCC 983 n 445Chandrachun Palaniappa Gounder v. State of

T.N., (1977) 2 SCC 634 n 716, 1044Chandra Kumar Chopra v. Union of India,

(2012) 6 SCC 369 n 91, 296, 641Chandran Ratnaswami v. K.C. Palanisamy,

(2013) 6 SCC 740 n 641Chandran v. State of T.N., (1978) 4 SCC 90 n 509Chandra Prakash v. State of U.P.,

(2002) 4 SCC 234 n 851, 1124Chandra Shashi v. Anil Kumar Verma,

(1995) 1 SCC 421 n 25Chapsibhai Dhanjibhai Danad v. Purushottam,

(1971) 2 SCC 205 n 10, 330Charanjit Lamba v. Army Southern

Command, (2010) 11 SCC 314 n 917Charan Lal Sahu v. Nandkishore Bhatt,

(1973) 2 SCC 530 n 357Charan Lal Sahu v. Union of India,

(1990) 1 SCC 613 n 175, 652, 691Charles K. Skaria v. Dr C. Mathew,

(1980) 2 SCC 752 n 237, 349, 963Charles Sobraj v. Supdt., Central Jail, (1978) 4

SCC 104 n 237, 273, 437, 518, 738, 873, 1043Charu Khurana v. Union of India, (2015)

1 SCC 192 n 311, 475, 476Chawla v. State of Haryana, (1974) 4 SCC 579 n 265Chenchu Rami Reddy v. Govt. of A.P.,

(1986) 3 SCC 391 n 918Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply &

Sewerage Board v. T.T. Murali Babu, (2014) 4 SCC 108 n 177, 288, 771

Chetan Dass v. Kamla Devi, (2001) 4 SCC 250 n 754, 755

Chettian Veetil Ammad v. Taluk Land Board, (1980) 1 SCC 499 n 550

Chhetriya Pardushan Mukti Sangharsh Samiti v. State of U.P., (1990) 4 SCC 449 n 235

Chhotan Prasad Singh v. Hari Dusadh, (1977) 1 SCC 102 n 48

Chitan J. Vaswani v. State of W.B., (1975) 2 SCC 829 n 1197

Chonampara Chellappan v. State of Kerala, (1979) 4 SCC 312 n 209

Choudhary Jawaharlal v. State of M.P., (1969) 3 SCC 682 n 15

Christian Medical College, Vellore v. Union of India, (2014) 2 SCC 305 n 17, 36, 37, 111, 334, 348, 415, 541, 764, 767, 955, 979

Christian Medical College Hospital Employees’ Union v. C.M.C. Vellore Assn., (1987) 4 SCC 691 n 1198

Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Assn., (2000) 7 SCC 282 n 965, 1002

CIT v. Ashok Leyland Ltd., (1973) 3 SCC 201 n 1160

CIT v. B.N. Bhattacharjee, (1979) 4 SCC 121 n 408, 631

CIT v. Bilahari Investment (P) Ltd., (2008) 4 SCC 232 n 73

CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull, (1973) 3 SCC 133 n 492

CIT v. F.I.C.C.I., (1981) 3 SCC 156 n 111CIT v. J.H.Gotla, (1985) 4 SCC 343 n 562CIT v. Jagannath Jee, (1977) 2 SCC 519 n 1027CIT v. Kamal Behari Lal Singha,

(1971) 3 SCC 540 n 957CIT v. Kurji Jinabhai Kotech,

(1977) 2 SCC 719 n 693CIT v. Pigot Champan & Co.,

(1982) 2 SCC 330 n 323CIT v. R.M. Chidambaram Pillai,

(1977) 1 SCC 431 n 444, 1023CIT v. Shantilal (P) Ltd., (1983) 3 SCC 561 n 200CIT v. Simon Carves Ltd., (1976) 4 SCC 435 n 1144CIT v. Sir Hukumchand Mannalal &

Co., (1970) 2 SCC 352 n 203CIT v. Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers’

Assn., (1980) 2 SCC 31 n 111, 1164CIT v. Taj Mahal Hotel, (1971) 3 SCC 550 n 560CIT v. Tollygunge Club Ltd.,

(1977) 2 SCC 790 n 519CIT v. Travancore Sugar and Chemicals Ltd.,

(1973) 3 SCC 274 n 96, 854, 1160CIT v. Vatika Township (P) Ltd.,

(2015) 1 SCC 1 n 1139Col. B. Ramachandra Rao (Dr) v. State of

Orissa, (1972) 3 SCC 256 n 494, 495Collector of 24 Parganas v. Lalit Mohan

Mullick, (1986) 2 SCC 138 n 963

LXXII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Collector of Customs v. D. Bhoormull, (1974) 2 SCC 544 n 702, 820, 1059

Collector v. D. Narsing Rao, (2015) 3 SCC 695 n 1005

Collector v. P. Mangamma, (2003) 4 SCC 488 n 949, 951

Common Cause v. Union of India, (2015) 6 SCC 332 n 568, 571, 1188

Common Cause v. Union of India, (2014) 6 SCC 552 n 1125

Common Cause v. Union of India, (1999) 6 SCC 667 n 422, 930

Common Cause v. Union of India, (1996) 6 SCC 530 n 926

Commr. for Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments v. Ratnavarma Heggade, (1977) 1 SCC 525 n 968

Commr. of Expenditure Tax v. P.V.G. Raju, Rajah of Vizianagaram, (1976) 1 SCC 241 n 325

Commr. of Municipal Corpn., Shimla v. Prem Lata Sood, (2007) 11 SCC 40 n 891

Commr. of Police v. Mehar Singh, (2013) 7 SCC 685 n 834

Commr. of Police v. Sandeep Kumar, (2011) 4 SCC 644 n 250, 961

Commr. of Police v. Syed Hussain, (2006) 3 SCC 173 n 969

Competition Commn. of India v. SAIL, (2010) 10 SCC 744 n 136, 449

Concord of India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Nirmala Devi, (1979) 4 SCC 365 n 10, 134, 1003

Concurring in Fertilizer Corpn. Kamgar Union v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 568 n 530, 587, 913, 1017

Consumer Education & Research Centre v. Union of India, (1995) 3 SCC 42 n 637, 674, 729, 1066

Controller of Estate Duty v. Kantilal Trikamlal, (1976) 4 SCC 643 n 504, 686, 710, 817, 1019, 1020

Controller of Examinations v. G.S. Sunder, 1993 Supp (3) SCC 82 n 339

Cotton Corpn. of India Ltd. v. United Industrial Bank Ltd., (1983) 4 SCC 625 n 644

Crompton Greaves Ltd. v. Workmen, (1978) 3 SCC 155 n 1116

CRPF v. Surinder Kumar, (2011) 10 SCC 244 n 932CSIR v. K.G.S. Bhatt, (1989) 4 SCC 635 n 887CST (Law) v. Advani Oorlikon (P)

Ltd., (1980) 1 SCC 360 n 100CST v. Auriaya Chamber of Commerce,

(1986) 3 SCC 50 n 656CST v. Mangal Sen Shyam Lal,

(1975) 4 SCC 35 n 566

CST v. Oil Mills Maithan, (1972) 3 SCC 861 n 239CST v. Union Medical Agency,

(1981) 1 SCC 51 n 563CTO v. Sri Venkateswara Oil Mills,

(1974) 3 SCC 5 n 773CWT v. Arvind Narottam, (1988) 4 SCC 113 n 1141CWT v. Mahadeo Jalan, (1973) 3

SCC 157 n 737, 1058CWT v. Suresh Seth, (1981) 2 SCC 790 n 717

DD.A.V. College v. State of Punjab,

(1971) 2 SCC 269 n 74, 770D.C. Saxena (Dr) v. Hon’ble The Chief Justice of

India, (1996) 5 SCC 216 n 1083, 1084, 1165D.C. Wadhwa v. State of Bihar,

(1987) 1 SCC 378 n 806D. Hanmanth Rao v. State of A.P.,

1990 Supp SCC 524 n 488D.K. Basu v. State of W.B., (1997) 1 SCC

416 n 186, 269, 270, 271, 733, 1152D.K. Soni v. P.K. Mukherjee,

(1988) 1 SCC 29 n 600D.K. Trivedi & Sons v. State of Gujarat,

1986 (Supp) SCC 20 n 6, 970D.K. Yadav v. J.M.A. Industries Ltd.,

(1993) 3 SCC 259 n 385, 786D.N. Bhattacharjee v. State of W.B.,

(1972) 3 SCC 414 n 136D. Nataraja Mudaliar v. State Transport

Authority, (1978) 4 SCC 290 n 68D.R. Venkatachalam v. Transport

Commr., (1977) 2 SCC 273 n 554, 555, 566, 598, 907, 914, 915, 1110

D.S. Mote v. A.C. Datar, (1974) 2 SCC 799 n 566, 778, 799, 892, 1161

D.S. Nakara v. Union of India, (1983) 1 SCC 305 n 788, 1063, 1073

D. Saibaba v. Bar Council of India, (2003) 6 SCC 186 n 544

D.T.U. v. B.B.L. Hajelay, (1972) 2 SCC 744 n 372D.V. Bakshi v. Union of India,

(1993) 3 SCC 663 n 959D. Venkata Reddy v. R. Sultan,

(1976) 2 SCC 455 n 414Dabur India Ltd. v. State of U.P.,

(1990) 4 SCC 113 n 484Dadh Nathu Rajah v. Angha Nathu

Jamal, (1969) 3 SCC 813 n 1118

TABLE OF CASES n LXXIII

Dadu v. State of Maharashtra, (2000) 8 SCC 437 n 600, 612

Dahanu Taluka Environment Protection Group v. Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Co. Ltd., (1991) 2 SCC 539 n 379

Daily Rated Casual Labour v. Union of India, (1988) 1 SCC 122 n 103

Dalbir Singh v. State of Haryana, (2000) 5 SCC 82 n 946

Dalbir Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979) 3 SCC 745 n 281, 928, 1042, 1047

Dalip Singh v. State of U.P., (2010) 2 SCC 114 n 453, 776

Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. v. Galaxy Traders & Agencies Ltd., (2001) 6 SCC 463 n 672

Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. v. Union of India, (1996) 10 SCC 104 n 1069

Damadilal v. Parashram, (1976) 4 SCC 855 n 113, 411, 1114

Damodar Valley Corpn. v. K.K. Kar, (1974) 1 SCC 141 n 201

Damyanti Naranga v. Union of India, (1971) 1 SCC 678 n 74

Danial Latifi v. Union of India, (2001) 7 SCC 740 n 1065

Daniraiji Vrajlalji v. Chandraprabha, (1975) 1 SCC 612 n 274

Dantuluri Ram Raju v. State of A.P., (1972) 1 SCC 421 n 1144

Dara Singh v. Republic of India, (2011) 2 SCC 490 n 964, 1028

Darshan Gupta v. Radhika Gupta, (2013) 9 SCC 1 n 641

Darshan Lal Nagpal v. Govt. (NCT of Delhi), (2012) 2 SCC 327 n 12, 897

Dasa Muni Reddy v. Appa Rao, (1974) 2 SCC 725 n 1184

Dashrath Rupsingh Rathod v. State of Maharashtra, (2014) 9 SCC 129 n 226, 227, 848

Dastane v. Dastane, (1975) 2 SCC 326 n 889Dattatraya Govind Mahajan v. State of

Maharashtra, (1977) 2 SCC 548 n 152, 153, 469, 666, 843, 1068

Dattatreya v. Mahaveer, (2004) 10 SCC 665 n 436Daulat Ram Chauhan v. Anand Sharma,

(1984) 2 SCC 64 n 211Dayal Singh v. State of Uttaranchal,

(2012) 8 SCC 263 n 433Dayaram v. Sudhir Batham, (2012)

1 SCC 333 n 1123, 1128Daya Shankar v. High Court of

Allahabad, (1987) 3 SCC 1 n 589

DCM v. Shambhu Nath Mukherjee, (1981) 4 SCC 168 n 289

DCM v. Union of India, (1983) 4 SCC 166 n 1061DDA v. Skipper Construction Co. (P)

Ltd., (1996) 4 SCC 622 n 1122Debu Ghose v. State of W.B., (1972)

3 SCC 294 n 750, 919Deena v. Union of India, (1983) 4

SCC 645 n 279, 512, 516Deepak Aggarwal v. Keshav Kaushik,

(2013) 5 SCC 277 n 924Deepak Rai v. State of Bihar, (2013)

10 SCC 421 n 669Deepak Theatre v. State of Punjab, 1992

Supp (1) SCC 684 n 757, 906Delhi Admn. v. Gurdip Singh Uban,

(2000) 7 SCC 296 n 129Delhi Airtech Services (P) Ltd. v. State of U.P.,

(2011) 9 SCC 354 n 286, 315, 328, 458, 670, 718, 735, 850, 893, 897, 899, 926, 956, 1109

Delhi Jal Board v. National Campaign for Dignity & Rights of Sewerage & Allied Workers, (2011) 8 SCC 568 n 462, 513, 514, 732, 909

Delhi Judicial Service Assn. v. State of Gujarat, (1991) 4 SCC 406 n 171, 832

Delhi Science Forum v. Union of India, (1996) 2 SCC 405 n 243

Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking v. State of Haryana, (1996) 2 SCC 572 n 1185

Deo Narain v. State of U.P., (1973) 1 SCC 347 n 874, 931

Destruction of Public & Private Properties v. State of A.P., (2009) 5 SCC 212 n 1129

Devender Pal Singh Bhullar v. State (NCT of Delhi), (2013) 6 SCC 195 n 1152

Devender Pal Singh v. State (NCT of Delhi), (2002) 5 SCC 234 n 861, 888, 898

Devendra Bhai Shankar Mehta v. Rameshchandra Vithaldas Sheth, (1992) 3 SCC 473 n 46

Devidas Ramachandra Tuljapurkar v. State of Maharashtra, (2015) 6 SCC 1 n 72, 801, 830, 831, 1080

Devidayal Rolling Mills v. Prakash Chimanlal Parikh, (1993) 2 SCC 470 n 741

Devi Lal v. State of Rajasthan, (1971) 3 SCC 471 n 131

Dev Sharan v. State of U.P., (2011) 4 SCC 769 n 149, 894, 925

Dhananjay Sharma v. State of Haryana, (1995) 3 SCC 757 n 833

Dhananjoy Chatterjee v. State of W.B., (1994) 2 SCC 220 n 253

LXXIV n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Dhani Ram Gupta v. Lala Sri Ram, (1980) 2 SCC 162 n 224

Dhanjay Sharma v. State of Haryana, (1995) 3 SCC 757 n 642

Dhanraj Singh Choudhary v. Nathulal Vishwakarma, (2012) 1 SCC 741 n 701, 881

Dhanwanti v. D.D. Gupta, (1986) 3 SCC 1 n 1064Dhanyalakshmi Rice Mills v. Commr. of Civil

Supplies, (1976) 4 SCC 723 n 201, 751, 772, 1138Dharam Deo Yadav v. State of U.P.,

(2014) 5 SCC 509 n 257Dharm Das Wadhwani v. State of U.P.,

(1974) 4 SCC 267 n 246Dharmendra Kirthal v. State of U.P.,

(2013) 8 SCC 368 n 824, 825Dhartipakar Madan Lal Agarwal v. Rajiv

Gandhi, 1987 Supp SCC 93 n 210, 356Dharwad PWD Employees’ Assn. v. State of

Karnataka, (1990) 2 SCC 408 n 652Digya Darshan Rajendra Ram Doss v.

Devendra Doss, (1973) 1 SCC 14 n 274Dilbag Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979)

2 SCC 103 n 683, 870, 937Dilip Kumar Sharma v. State of M.P.,

(1976) 1 SCC 560 n 1044Dilip N. Shroff v. CIT, (2007) 6

SCC 329 n 542, 878Dipak Babaria v. State of Gujarat,

(2014) 3 SCC 502 n 309, 760Dipak Kumar Mukherjee v. Kolkata Municipal

Corpn., (2013) 5 SCC 336 n 1166Directorate General of Doordarshan v. Anand

Patwardhan, (2006) 8 SCC 433 n 1103Director of Panchayat Raj v. Babu Singh

Gaur, (1972) 1 SCC 227 n 488Distributors (Baroda) (P) Ltd. v. Union

of India, (1986) 1 SCC 43 n 547Distt. Collector of Hyderabad v. Ibrahim

and Co., (1970) 1 SCC 386 n 1158Diwakar Shrivastava v. State of M.P.,

1984 Supp SCC 214 n 788DMDK v. Election Commission of India, (2012)

7 SCC 340 n 296, 367, 384, 461, 839, 958DTC v. DTC Mazdoor Congress, 1991

Supp (1) SCC 600 n 235, 312, 373, 423, 546, 561, 576, 676, 744, 844, 923

Durai Muthuswami v. N. Nachiappan, (1973) 2 SCC 45 n 690

Dwarkadas Marfatia & Sons v. Board of Trustees of the Port of Bombay, (1989) 3 SCC 293 n 613

Dwarka Prasad Agarwal v. B.D. Agarwal, (2003) 6 SCC 230 n 635, 805, 1200

Dwarka Prasad Singh v. Harikant Prasad Singh, (1973) 1 SCC 179 n 1079

EE.M. Sankaran Namboodripad v. T. Narayanan

Nambiar, (1970) 2 SCC 325 n 33, 188E.P. Royappa v. State of T.N., (1974)

4 SCC 3 n 123, 394, 427E.T. Sunup v. C.A.N.S.S. Employees

Assn., (2004) 8 SCC 683 n 193East Coast Railway v. Mahadev Appa

Rao, (2010) 7 SCC 678 n 66East India Hotels Ltd. v. Syndicate Bank,

1992 Supp (2) SCC 29 n 652ECIL v. B. Karunakar, (1993) 4 SCC 727 n 586, 786Ediga Anamma v. State of A.P., (1974)

4 SCC 443 n 262, 309, 823Election Commission of India v. Ashok

Kumar, (2000) 8 SCC 216 n 362Election Commission of India v. Shivaji,

(1988) 1 SCC 277 n 302Election Commission of India v. State of

Haryana, 1984 Supp SCC 104 n 693Elizabeth Jacob v. District Collector,

(2008) 15 SCC 166 n 35English Medium Students Parents Assn. v. State

of Karnataka, (1994) 1 SCC 550 n 1146Epuru Sudhakar v. Govt. of A.P., (2006)

8 SCC 161 n 421, 611, 1012Erusian Equipment & Chemicals v. State

of W.B., (1975) 1 SCC 70 n 91, 201Esha Ekta Apartments Coop. Housing Society

Ltd. v. Municipal Corpn. of Mumbai, (2013) 5 SCC 357 n 517, 1166

Esher Singh v. State of A.P., (2004) 11 SCC 585 n 61ESI Corpn. v. Francis De Costa, 1993

Supp (4) SCC 100 n 545, 637Everest Coal Co. (P) Ltd. v. State of

Bihar, (1978) 1 SCC 12 n 696Ex-Armymen’s Protection Services (P) Ltd.v.

Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 409 n 784Ex-Capt. Harish Uppal v. Union of

India, (2003) 2 SCC 45 n 1115Excel Wear v. Union of India,

(1978) 4 SCC 224 n 1170Exen Industries v. Chief Controller of Imports

& Exports, (1972) 3 SCC 176 n 503Express Hotels (P) Ltd. v. State of

Gujarat, (1989) 3 SCC 677 n 311

TABLE OF CASES n LXXV

Express Newspapers (P) Ltd. v. Union of India, (1986) 1 SCC 133 n 424, 449, 635, 860, 1086

Extra-Judicial Execution Victim Families Assn. (EEVFAM) v. Union of India, (2013) 2 SCC 493 n 268

FFagu Shaw v. State of W.B., (1974) 4 SCC 152 n 814Fasih Chaudhary v. D.G., Doordarshan,

(1989) 1 SCC 89 n 437Fatehchand Himmatlal v. State of Maharashtra,

(1977) 2 SCC 670 n 147, 160, 173, 314, 323, 536, 554, 685, 706, 775, 956, 1019, 1068, 1071, 1107, 1156, 1157

FCI v. Kamdhenu Cattle Feed Industries, (1993) 1 SCC 71 n 67

Federation of All India Customs & Central Excise Stenographers v. Union of India, (1988) 3 SCC 91 n 381

Fida Hussain v. Moradabad Development Authority, (2011) 12 SCC 615 n 588, 849

Fomento Resorts & Hotels Ltd. v. Minguel Martins, (2009) 3 SCC 571 n 929, 930

Food Corporation of India v. Joginderpal Mohinderpal, (1989) 2 SCC 347 n 70

Forward Construction Co. v. Prabhat Mandal, (1986) 1 SCC 100 n 906, 912, 913, 1017

Frances Coralie Mullin v. W.C. Khambra, (1980) 2 SCC 275 n 824, 1200

Francis Coralie Mullin v. Administrator, Union Territory of Delhi, (1981) 1 SCC 608 n 308, 730, 731

Francis v. State of Kerala, (1975) 3 SCC 825 n 962, 1048

GG. Appaswami Chettiar v. R Sarangapani

Chettiar, (1978) 3 SCC 55 n 1196G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology

v. State of U.P., (2000) 7 SCC 109 n 331G.K. Krishnan v. State of T.N.,

(1975) 1 SCC 375 n 1138G.N. Khajuria (Dr) v. DDA, (1995)

5 SCC 762 n 1167G.N. Verma v. State of Jharkhand,

(2014) 4 SCC 282 n 560

G. Narayanaswami v. G. Pannerselvam, (1972) 3 SCC 717 n 166, 363, 559, 814

G. Ramegowda v. LAO, (1988) 2 SCC 142 n 486G. Sagar Suri v. State of U.P.,

(2000) 2 SCC 636 n 260G. Sundarrajan v. Union of India,

(2013) 6 SCC 620 n 800, 1059G.V. Rao v. L.H.V. Prasad, (2000) 3 SCC 693 n 758Gadakh Yashwantrao Kankarrao v. Balasaheb

Vikhe Patil, (1994) 1 SCC 682 n 353, 365, 1015Gajanan Krishnaji Bapat v. Dattaji Raghobaji

Meghe, (1995) 5 SCC 347 n 210Gajraj Singh v. State of U.P.,

(2001) 5 SCC 762 n 596Ganesh Trading Co. v. Moji Ram, (1978)

2 SCC 91 n 104, 684, 829Gang-rape Ordered by Village Kangaroo Court

in W.B., in re, (2014) 4 SCC 786 n 753Gangadhar Behera v. State of Orissa,

(2002) 8 SCC 381 n 649, 672, 954Ganga Ram v. Union of India, (1970)

1 SCC 377 n 389, 400Ganpat Ladha v. Sashikant Vishnu Shinde,

(1978) 2 SCC 573 n 108, 109Garib Singh v. State of Punjab,

(1972) 3 SCC 418 n 890Gaurav Jain v. Union of India, (1997)

8 SCC 114 n 116, 673Gaurav Kumar Bansal v. Union of India,

(2015) 2 SCC 130 n 1187Gaurav Nagpal v. Sumedha Nagpal,

(2009) 1 SCC 42 n 754Gauri Shanker v. Hindustan Trust (P)

Ltd., (1973) 2 SCC 127 n 602Gaya Prasad v. Pradeep Srivastava,

(2001) 2 SCC 604 n 290Gayasi v. State of U.P., (1981) 2 SCC 712 n 250General Electric Co. v. Renusagar Power

Co., (1987) 4 SCC 137 n 70, 447General Labour Union v. B.V. Chavan,

(1985) 1 SCC 312 n 746George Dominic Varkey v. State of Kerala,

(1971) 3 SCC 275 n 874, 1035Gestetner Duplicators (P) Ltd. v. CIT,

(1979) 2 SCC 354 n 1183Giani Bakshish Singh v. Govt. of India,

(1973) 2 SCC 688 n 867Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India,

(1999) 2 SCC 228 n 505, 545Glanrock Estate (P) Ltd. v. State of T.N., (2010)

10 SCC 96 n 87, 175, 384, 463, 815, 1011Gobind Ram v. State of Maharashtra,

(1972) 1 SCC 740 n 198

LXXVI n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Gokaraju Rangaraju v. State of A.P., (1981) 3 SCC 132 n 277, 577, 596

Gokul v. State of Rajasthan, (1972) 4 SCC 812 n 243Golam Hussain v. Commr. of Police,

(1974) 4 SCC 530 n 889Gonal Bihimappa v. State of Karnataka,

1987 Supp SCC 207 n 741, 926Goodwill Girls High School v. J. Mary

Susheela, (2003) 9 SCC 106 n 770Gopalsingh v. State of M.P., (1972) 3 SCC 268 n 329Gottipulla Venkatasiva Subbrayanam v. State

of A.P., (1970) 1 SCC 235, page 17 n 875Govind Prasad Chaturvedi v. Hari Dutt

Shashtri, (1977) 2 SCC 539 n 1154Govt. of A.P. v. A.P. Jaiswal, (2001) 1 SCC 748 n 141Govt. of A.P. v. G. Jaya Prasad Rao,

(2007) 11 SCC 528 n 384Govt. of A.P. v. P. Laxmi Devi, (2008)

4 SCC 720 n 122, 170Gramophone Co. of India Ltd. v. B.B.

Pandey, (1984) 2 SCC 534 n 236Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority

v. Devendra Kumar, (2011) 12 SCC 375 n 13Gridco Ltd. v. Sadananda Doloi,

(2011) 15 SCC 16 n 204Gudikanti Narasimhulu v. Public Prosecutor,

High Court of A.P., (1978) 1 SCC 240 n 7, 81, 82, 261, 721, 826, 836, 948

Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board v. Unique Erectors (Gujarat) (P) Ltd., (1989) 1 SCC 532 n 951

Gulab Mehra v. State of U.P., (1987) 4 SCC 302 n 928

Gulf Goans Hotels Co. Ltd. v. Union of India, (2014) 10 SCC 673 n 668, 691

Gunwantlal v. State of M.P., (1972) 2 SCC 194 n 840

Gurbax Singh v. Financial Commissioner, 1991 Supp (1) SCC 167 n 652

Gurcharan Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1978) 1 SCC 118 n 82

Gurdeep Singh v. State of J&K, 1995 Supp (1) SCC 188 n 605

Gurdev Kaur v. Kaki, (2007) 1 SCC 546 n 582Gurdial Singh Fijji v. State of Punjab,

(1979) 2 SCC 368 n 537Gurdit Singh v. Munsha Singh, (1977)

1 SCC 791 n 104, 1119Gurmukh Singh v. Amar Singh,

(1991) 3 SCC 79 n 923Gurnaib Singh v. State of Punjab, (2013)

7 SCC 108 n 94, 247, 259

Guruji Shrihari Baliram Jivatode v. Vithalrao, (1969) 1 SCC 82 n 305

Gurvail Singh v. State of Punjab, (2013) 2 SCC 713 n 279

GVK Industries Ltd. v. ITO, (2011) 4 SCC 36 n 144, 145, 160, 167, 184, 230, 297, 298, 737, 1050, 1076

Gwalior Rayon Silk Mfg. (Wvg.) Co. Ltd. v. CST, (1974) 4 SCC 98 n 1, 427, 664, 711, 712

HH.G. Rangangoud v. State Trading Corpn. of

India Ltd., (2012) 1 SCC 297 n 1007H.P. Admn. v. Om Prakash, (1972)

1 SCC 249 n 90, 413H.P. Scheduled Tribes Employees Federation

v. H.P. Samanaya Varg Karamchari Kalayan Mahasangh, (2013) 10 SCC 308 n 697

H.P. Thakore v. State of Gujarat, (1976) 4 SCC 640 n 568, 624, 633, 780

Haji Usmanbhai H. Qureshi v. State of Gujarat, (1986) 3 SCC 12 n 83

Hans Raj Bagrecha v. State of Bihar, (1971) 1 SCC 59 n 713, 1140

Haradhan Saha v. State of W.B., (1975) 3 SCC 198 n 866

Harbhajan Singh v. Press Council of India, (2002) 4 SCC 722 n 709

Harcharan Singh v. Shivrani, (1981) 2 SCC 535 n 739

Hardeep Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) 3 SCC 92 n 227, 540, 541

Hardev Motor Transport v. State of M.P., (2006) 8 SCC 613 n 1136

Hargovind Pant v. Dr Raghukul Tilak, (1979) 3 SCC 458 n 1171, 1172

Haricharan v. State of M.P., (2011) 4 SCC 159 n 269, 1125

Haridas Das v. Usha Rani Banik, (2007) 14 SCC 1 n 190, 628, 725

Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers’ Assn., (2002) 6 SCC 600 n 136

Harihar Prasad Singh v. Balmiki Prasad Singh, (1975) 1 SCC 212 n 411

Harijai Singh, In re, (1996) 6 SCC 466 n 797, 857Harinder Singh v. CIT, (1972) 4 SCC 509 n 431, 518Hari Ram v. State of Haryana,

(2010) 3 SCC 621 n 403Harishankar Rastogi v. Girdhari Sharma,

(1978) 2 SCC 165 n 46, 702

TABLE OF CASES n LXXVII

Hari Shanker Jain v. Sonia Gandhi, (2001) 8 SCC 233 n 410

Harish Uppal (Ex-Capt.) v. Union of India, (2003) 2 SCC 45 n 231

Hari Singh Nagra v. Kapil Sibal, (2010) 7 SCC 502 n 23

Hari Singh v. Military Estate Officer, (1972) 2 SCC 239 n 991

Harpal Singh v. Devinder Singh, (1997) 6 SCC 660 n 839

Harpreet Kaur v. State of Maharashtra, (1992) 2 SCC 177 n 410, 676, 919

Har Shankar v. Excise & Taxation Commr., (1975) 1 SCC 737 n 201

Haryana Dairy Development Coop. Federation Ltd. v. Jagdish Lal, (2014) 3 SCC 156 n 454

Haryana Financial Corpn. v. Jagdamba Oil Mills, (2002) 3 SCC 496 n 118

Hazara Singh v. Raj Kumar, (2013) 9 SCC 516 n 258Heckett Engineering Co. v. Workmen,

(1977) 4 SCC 377 n 565Herbertsons Ltd. v. Workmen, (1976)

4 SCC 736 n 663, 1056High Court of Gujarat v. Jayshree Chamanlal

Buddhbhatti, (2013) 16 SCC 59 n 228, 579, 1192High Court of Judicature of Madras v. R.

Perachi, (2011) 12 SCC 137 n 22, 372Himatlal Jamnadas Dani, (1972) 1 SCC 388 n 1148Himat Lal K. Shah v. Commr. of Police,

(1973) 1 SCC 227 n 73, 915Himmat Sukhadeo Wahurwagh v. State of

Maharashtra, (2009) 6 SCC 712 n 260Hindustan Hosiery Industries v. F.H.

Lala, (1974) 4 SCC 316 n 1184Hinsa Virodhak Sangh v. Mirzapur Moti Kuresh

Jamat, (2008) 5 SCC 33 n 172, 783Hirachand Srinivas Managaonkar v.

Sunanda, (2001) 4 SCC 125 n 324Hiralal Mallick v. State of Bihar,

(1977) 4 SCC 44 n 685, 963Hiralal Rattanlal v. State of U.P., (1973)

1 SCC 216 n 293, 690, 713, 1139Hiraman v. State of Maharashtra,

(2013) 12 SCC 586 n 94Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. State

of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 45 n 1Hombe Gowda Educational Trust v. State of

Karnataka, (2006) 1 SCC 430 n 320, 1132HPA International v. Bhagwandas Fateh Chand

Daswani, (2004) 6 SCC 537 n 289Hukam Chand v. Union of India,

1988 Supp SCC 464 n 487

Hukam Chand v. Union of India, (1972) 2 SCC 601 n 707, 1118

Hukam Singh v. State of Rajasthan, (2000) 7 SCC 490 n 241

Hukam Singh v. State of Rajasthan, (1977) 2 SCC 99 n 119

Humanity v. State of W.B., (2011) 6 SCC 125 n 92, 1110

Hussainara Khatoon (I) v. Home Secy., State of Bihar, (1980) 1 SCC 81 n 825, 1093, 1168, 1169

Hussainara Khatoon (V) v. Home Secy., State of Bihar, (1980) 1 SCC 108 n 697

Hussainbhai v. Alath Factory Thezhilali Union, (1978) 4 SCC 257 n 646

II.G. (Karmik) v. Prahalad Mani Tripathi,

(2007) 6 SCC 162 n 62I.J. Rao, Asstt. Collector of Customs v. Bibhuti

Bhushan Bagh, (1989) 3 SCC 202 n 799I.N. Saksena v. State of M.P., (1976)

4 SCC 750 n 244, 712, 815I.R. Coelho v. State of T.N., (2007) 2 SCC 1 n

51, 87, 174, 465, 466, 474, 542, 628, 1125I.T.C. Ltd. v. State of Karnataka,

1985 Supp SCC 476 n 586ICAI v. Shaunak H. Satya, (2011) 8

SCC 781 n 297, 996, 1162Idul Hasan v. Rajindra Kumar Jain,

(1989) 4 SCC 550 n 999Ila Vipin Pandya (2) v. Smita Ambalal

Patel, (2007) 6 SCC 750 n 417Illachi Devi v. Jain Society, (2003) 8 SCC 413 n 544Imtiyaz Ahmad v. State of U.P.,

(2012) 2 SCC 688 n 289Inderjeet v. State of U.P., (1979) 4 SCC 246 n 1042Inderjit Singh Grewal v. State of Punjab,

(2011) 12 SCC 588 n 140Inderpreet Singh Kahlon v. State of Punjab,

(2006) 11 SCC 356 n 24, 62Inder Sain v. State of Punjab,

(1973) 2 SCC 372 n 558Inder Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1978) 4

SCC 161 n 252, 264, 889, 936, 1179Inder Singh v. State of Punjab,

(1995) 3 SCC 702 n 836India Cement Ltd. v. State of T.N.,

(1990) 1 SCC 12 n 146Indian Airlines Corpn. v. Sukhdeo

Rai, (1971) 2 SCC 192 n 204

LXXVIII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Indian Aluminium Co. v. CIT, (1972) 2 SCC 150 n 994

Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India, (2011) 8 SCC 161 n 229, 581, 647, 740, 1009, 1097, 1174

Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India, (1996) 5 SCC 281 n 692

Indian Council of Legal Aid & Advice v. Bar Council of India, (1995) 1 SCC 732 n 84

Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) (P) Ltd. v. Employees’ Union, (1978) 2 SCC 188 n 533, 858

Indian Express Newspapers v. Union of India, (1985) 1 SCC 641 n 857, 860, 1087

Indian Institute of Technology v. Raja Ram Verma, (2010) 14 SCC 86 n 1146

Indian Railway Construction Co. Ltd. v. Ajay Kumar, (2003) 4 SCC 579 n 78, 371, 372, 1172

India Tobacco Co. Ltd. v. CTO, (1975) 3 SCC 512 n 972

Indira Bai v. Nand Kishore, (1990) 4 SCC 668 n 407Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain,

(1975) 2 SCC 159 n 605, 633Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain, 1975 Supp SCC

1 n 142, 148, 151, 169, 174, 181, 304, 366, 387, 426, 585, 633, 634, 688, 689, 703, 1021, 1054

Indirect Tax Practitioners’ Assn. v. R.K. Jain, (2010) 8 SCC 281 n 188, 198, 1082, 1188, 1189

Indore Vikas Pradhikaran v. Pure Industrial Coke & Chemicals Ltd., (2007) 8 SCC 705 n 895

Indra Kaur v. Sheo Lal Kapoor, (1988) 2 SCC 488 n 324, 573

Indra Sarma v. V.K.V. Sarma, (2013) 15 SCC 755 n 743, 753

Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, 1992 Supp (3) SCC 217 n 49, 100, 142, 152, 157, 165, 224, 268, 350, 373, 385, 386, 398, 405, 518, 576, 586, 590, 984, 1001, 1034, 1053

Indravadan H. Shah v. State of Gujarat, 1986 (Supp) SCC 254 n 394

Indu Bhushan Bose v. Rama Sundari Debi, (1969) 2 SCC 289 n 429

Indu Engg. & Textiles Ltd. v. DDA, (2001) 5 SCC 691 n 71

In re, Reference under Art. 317(1) of the Constitution of India, (1990) 4 SCC 262 n 918

Inspector General of Police v. S. Samuthiram, (2013) 1 SCC 598 n 409, 1057

Instalment Supply Ltd. v. STO, (1974) 4 SCC 739 n 507

International Airport Authority of India v. K.D. Bali, (1988) 2 SCC 361 n 26, 91

International Woollen Mills v. Standard Wool (U.K.) Ltd., (2001) 5 SCC 265 n 888

Iqbal Moosa Patel v. State of Gujarat, (2011) 2 SCC 198 n 954

Ishar Das v. State of Punjab, (1973) 2 SCC 65 n 954Ishwar Chand Jain v. High Court of Punjab

and Haryana, (1988) 3 SCC 370 n 623Ishwar Chandra v. Satyanarain Sinha,

(1972) 3 SCC 383 n 941Islamic Academy of Education v. State of Karnataka,

(2003) 6 SCC 697 n 338, 391, 403, 948ITO v. Ramnarayan Bhojnagarwala,

(1976) 1 SCC 814 n 687Iyer Lingala Vijay Kumar v. Public

Prosecutor, (1978) 4 SCC 196 n 594

JJ. Jayalalithaa v. State of Karnataka,

(2014) 2 SCC 401 n 480J. Jayalalitha v. Union of India,

(1999) 5 SCC 138 n 218J.K. Prasad v. State of Bihar, (1972) 2 SCC 633 n 265J.K. Synthetics Ltd. v. J.K.S. Mazdoor

Union, (1971) 3 SCC 509 n 1198J. Mohapatra & Co. v. State of Orissa,

(1984) 4 SCC 103 n 643J.S. Jadhav v. Mustafa Haji Mohamed

Yusuf, (1993) 2 SCC 562 n 41J. Vasudevan v. T.R. Dhananjaya,

(1995) 6 SCC 249 n 187, 193Jacob M. Puthuparambil v. Kerala Water

Authority, (1991) 1 SCC 28 n 374Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab,

(2005) 6 SCC 1 n 762Jagan Nath v. Chander Bhan, (1988) 3 SCC 57 n 11Jagdish Chander v. State of Delhi,

(1973) 2 SCC 203 n 690Jagdish Chand Radhey Shyam v. State of

Punjab, (1973) 3 SCC 428 n 487Jagdish Saran (Dr) v. Union of India,

(1980) 2 SCC 768 n 682Jagdish v. State of M.P., (2009) 9

SCC 495 n 809, 871, 872Jage Ram v. State of Haryana,

(1971) 1 SCC 671 n 351Jaghnath v. Union of India, 1992

Supp (2) SCC 105 n 401Jagir Singh v. State of Bihar, (1976) 2 SCC 942 n 556Jagmohan Singh v. State of U.P., (1973)

1 SCC 20 n 99, 253, 328, 1045Jagpal Singh v. State of Punjab,

(2011) 11 SCC 396 n 13

TABLE OF CASES n LXXIX

Jai Kumar v. State of M.P., (1999) 5 SCC 1 n 655, 934

Jainarain Singh v. State of M.P., (1973) 2 SCC 589 n 119

Jain Bros. v. Union of India, (1969) 3 SCC 311 n 775Jaipal v. State of Haryana, (1988)

3 SCC 354 n 312, 380Jai Prakash v. State (Delhi Admn.),

(1991) 2 SCC 32 n 538Jaipur Development Authority v. Daulat

Mal Jain, (1997) 1 SCC 35 n 6, 220Jaipur Mineral Development Syndicate

v. CIT, (1977) 1 SCC 508 n 243Jai Shanker v. State of H.P., (1973) 3 SCC 83 n 1176Jai Singh v. MCD, (2010) 9 SCC 385 n 421Jalaja Shedthi v. Lakshmi Shedthi,

(1973) 2 SCC 773 n 573Jamal Uddin Ahmad v. Abu Saleh

Najmuddin, (2003) 3 SCC 257 n 221James Martin v. State of Kerala,

(2004) 2 SCC 203 n 1115Jammu University v. Dushiant Kumar

Rampa, (1977) 2 SCC 616 n 1133Jamshed Hormusji Wadia v. Board of Trustees,

Port of Mumbai, (2004) 3 SCC 214 n 1124Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhary,

(1992) 4 SCC 305 n 912Janki Prasad Parimoo v. State of J&K,

(1973) 1 SCC 420 n 987Jaqvid Rasool Bhat v. State of J&K,

(1984) 2 SCC 631 n 236Jaswant Kaur v. Amrit Kaur, (1977)

1 SCC 369 n 94, 1191Jaswant Singh v. Union of India, (1979)

4 SCC 440 n 395, 407, 488Jaswant Singh v. Virender Singh, 1995

Supp (1) SCC 384 n 197Jatya Pal Singh v. Union of India,

(2013) 6 SCC 452 n 1148Javed v. State of Haryana, (2003)

8 SCC 369 n 415, 956Jayaram Mudaliar v. Ayyaswami,

(1972) 2 SCC 200 n 739Jayawant Dattatraya Suryarao v. State of

Maharashtra, (2001) 10 SCC 109 n 992Jaydayal Poddar v. Bibi Hazra, (1974) 1 SCC 3 n 95Jeewanlal Ltd. v. Appellate Authority,

(1984) 4 SCC 356 n 548Jilubhai Nanbhai Khachar v. State of Gujarat,

1995 Supp (1) SCC 596 n 474Jit Ram Shiv Kumar v. State of Haryana,

(1981) 1 SCC 11 n 1022

Joginder Kumar v. State of U.P., (1994) 4 SCC 260 n 72, 760

Joseph Peter v. State of Goa, Daman and Diu, (1977) 3 SCC 280 n 97

Joti Parshad v. State of Haryana, 1993 Supp (2) SCC 497 n 661

Jt. CTO v. Young Men’s India Assn., (1970) 1 SCC 462 n 1024

Jugal Kishore Patnaik v. Ratnakar Mohanty, (1977) 1 SCC 567 n 355

Jugendra Singh v. State of U.P., (2012) 6 SCC 297 n 943

KK.A. Abbas v. Union of India, (1970)

2 SCC 780 n 107, 854K. Anbazhagan v. State of Karnataka,

(2015) 6 SCC 86 n 42K. Anbazhagan v. State of Karnataka,

(2015) 6 SCC 158 n 225, 578K.C. Sareen v. CBI, (2001) 6 SCC 584 n 217, 922K.C. Vasanth Kumar v. State of Karnataka,

1985 Supp SCC 714 n 101, 386, 390, 395, 405, 843, 984, 985

K. Gopal Reddy v. State of A.P., (1979) 1 SCC 355 n 29

K. Guruprasad Rao v. State of Karnataka, (2013) 8 SCC 418 n 57, 310, 765

K.H. Shekarappa v. State of Karnataka, (2009) 17 SCC 1 n 269

K.I. Pavunny v. Collector (HQ), Central Excise Collectorate, (1997) 3 SCC 721 n 950

K. John Koshy v. Dr Tarakeshwar Prasad Shaw, (1998) 8 SCC 624 n 233

K.K. Baskaran v. State, (2011) 3 SCC 793 n 1102K. Kalpana Saraswathi v. Somasundaram

Chettiar, (1980) 1 SCC 630 n 1078K. Karunakaran v. State of Kerala,

(2000) 3 SCC 761 n 218K.L. Tripathi v. State Bank of India,

(1984) 1 SCC 43 n 788K.M. Abdulla Kunhi v. Union of India,

(1991) 1 SCC 476 n 224K.M. Sholke v. State of Maharashtra,

(1973) 2 SCC 449 n 120K. Murugan v. Fencing Assn. of India,

(1991) 2 SCC 412 n 1096K.P. Manu v. Scrutiny Committee for Verification of

Community Certificate, (2015) 4 SCC 1 n 205

LXXX n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

K.P. Tiwari v. State of M.P., 1994 Supp (1) SCC 540 n 620

K.P. Varghese v. ITO, (1981) 4 SCC 173 n 549, 562K. Prabhakaran v. P. Jayarajan,

(2005) 1 SCC 754 n 355K. Ramadas Shenoy v. Town Municipal

Council, (1974) 2 SCC 506 n 1114, 1155K.S. Dharmadatan v. Central Govt., (1979)

4 SCC 204 n 442, 500, 1014K.S. Jayasree v. State of Kerala,

(1976) 3 SCC 730 n 1060K.S. Sundararaju Chettiar v. M.R. Ramachandra

Naidu, (1994) 5 SCC 14 n 970K.T. Plantation (P) Ltd. v. State of Karnataka,

(2011) 9 SCC 1 n 447, 894, 897, 1008K.V. Narayanan v. K.V. Ranganandhan,

(1977) 1 SCC 244 n 817K. Vijaya Lakshmi v. State of A.P.,

(2013) 5 SCC 489 n 47, 295Kadra Pahadiya v. State of Bihar, (1981)

3 SCC 671 n 27, 173, 1093Kailash Chand v. Dharam Dass,

(2005) 5 SCC 375 n 671Kailash Sonkar v. Maya Devi, (1984) 2 SCC 91 n 78Kailas v. State of Maharashtra, (2011)

1 SCC 793 n 514, 536, 1029Kalabharati Advertising v. Hemant Vimalnath

Narichania, (2010) 9 SCC 437 n 456, 699, 1198Kali Ram v. State of H.P., (1973)

2 SCC 808 n 771, 862Kallakkurichi Taluk Retired Officials Assn. v.

State of T.N., (2013) 2 SCC 772 n 383Kalyan Chandra Sarkar v. Rajesh Ranjan,

(2005) 3 SCC 284 n 1161Kamesh Panjiyar v. State of Bihar, (2005) 2

SCC 388: 2005 SCC (Cri) 511 n 754Kamini Kumar Das Choudhury v. State

of W.B., (1972) 2 SCC 420 n 290Kamlapati Trivedi v. State of W.B.,

(1980) 2 SCC 91 n 19, 1164Kanaka Rekha Naik v. Manoj Kumar

Pradhan, (2011) 4 SCC 596 n 403Kanhaiyalal v. Mannalal, (1976) 3 SCC 646 n 362Kannan v. V.S. Pandurangam,

(2007) 15 SCC 157 n 628Kanta Kathuria v. Manak Chand Surana,

(1969) 3 SCC 268 n 714Kanti Lal Bose v. State of W.B.,

(1972) 2 SCC 529 n 973Kanu Biswas v. State of W.B.,

(1972) 3 SCC 831 n 919Kanu Sanyal v. Distt. Magistrate,

(1973) 2 SCC 674 n 494

Kanwar Lal Gupta v. Amar Nath Chawla, (1975) 3 SCC 646 n 304, 356

Karnal Improvement Trust v. Parkash Wanti, (1995) 5 SCC 159 n 620

Karnataka Housing Board v. C. Muddaiah, (2007) 7 SCC 689 n 1011

Karnataka Public Service Commission v. B.M. Vijaya Shankar, (1992) 2 SCC 206 n 786, 787

Karnataka SRTC v. M.G. Vittal Rao, (2012) 1 SCC 442 n 93, 771

Karnataka State Private College Stop-Gap Lecturers Assn. v. State of Karnataka, (1992) 2 SCC 29 n 16

Karnel Singh v. State of M.P., (1995) 5 SCC 518 n 570

Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, (1994) 3 SCC 569 n 234, 250, 270, 450, 451, 467, 515, 525, 530, 576, 624, 656, 674, 675, 719, 720, 723, 730, 974, 988, 1015, 1153

Kasambhai Abdulrehmanbhai Sheikh v. State of Gujarat, (1980) 3 SCC 120 n 29, 37

Kashmira Singh v. State of Punjab, (1977) 4 SCC 291 n 646, 1169

Kasturi Lal Lakshmi Reddy v. State of J&K, (1980) 4 SCC 1 n 6, 314, 907, 1111

Katikara Chintamani Dora v. Guntreddi Annamanaidu, (1974) 1 SCC 567 n 388

Kayjay Industries v. Asnew Drums, (1974) 2 SCC 213 n 1023

Kazia Mohammed Muzzammil v. State of Karnataka, (2010) 8 SCC 155 n 627, 741

Kehar Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1988) 3 SCC 609 n 659

Kehar Singh v. Union of India, (1989) 1 SCC 204 n 733

Kerala Hotel & Restaurant Assn. v. State of Kerala, (1990) 2 SCC 502 n 393

Kerala SEB v. Indian Aluminium Co. Ltd., (1976) 1 SCC 466 n 293, 828, 1118

Kerala SEB v. Kurien E. Kalathil, (2000) 6 SCC 293 n 422

Kerala Solvent Extractions Ltd. v. A. Unnikrishnan, (2006) 13 SCC 619 n 957

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225 n 8, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 161, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 175, 305, 388, 428, 471, 472, 473, 614, 615, 689, 690, 710, 711, 712, 722, 792, 793, 795, 811, 812, 813, 815, 845, 846, 847, 896, 1032, 1089, 1105, 1106

Keshav Chandra Joshi v. Union of India, 1992 Supp (1) SCC 272 n 301

Keshav Ram Pal v. U.P.H.E.S.C., (1986) 1 SCC 671 n 414

TABLE OF CASES n LXXXI

Keshoram Bora v. State of Assam, (1978) 2 SCC 407 n 139

Kewal Chand Mimani v. S.K. Sen, (2001) 6 SCC 512 n 232, 233, 650, 651

Kewal Krishan Puri v. State of Punjab, (1980) 1 SCC 416 n 440

Kewal Singh v. Lajwanti, (1980) 1 SCC 290 n 402, 977

Khanapuram Gandaiah v. Administrative Officer, (2010) 2 SCC 1 n 24

Khatoon Begum v. Union of India, (1981) 2 SCC 480 n 308

Khemka & Co. v. State of Maharashtra, (1975) 2 SCC 22 n 820

Kihota Hollohan v. Zachillhu, 1992 Supp (2) SCC 651 n 59, 169, 676, 837

Kirit Kumar Chaman Lal Kundaliya v. Union of India, (1981) 2 SCC 436 n 977

Kisan Trimbak Kothula v. State of Maharashtra, (1977) 1 SCC 300 n 446, 804

Kishore Chand v. State of H.P., (1991) 1 SCC 286 n 288, 570

Kishore Samrite v. State of U.P., (2013) 2 SCC 398 n 419, 588

Kishorilal Hans v. Raja Ram Singh, (1972) 3 SCC 1 n 79

Kishori v. State of Delhi, (1999) 1 SCC 148 n 159Kokkanda B. Poondacha v. K.D. Ganapathi,

(2011) 12 SCC 600 n 43Kollam Chandra Sekhar v. Kollam Padma

Latha, (2014) 1 SCC 225 n 753Konkan Trading Co. v. Suresh Govind Kamat

Tarkar., (1986) 2 SCC 424 n 657Krishan Chander v. Ram Lal,

(1973) 2 SCC 759 n 354Krishan Lal Gera v. State of Haryana, (2011)

10 SCC 529 n 796, 1094, 1095Krishan Lal v. State of Haryana,

(1980) 3 SCC 159 n 224Krishnabai v. Appasaheb Nimbalkar,

(1979) 4 SCC 60 n 505Krishna Mochi v. State of Bihar,

(2002) 6 SCC 81 n 231, 317Krishna Mohan (P) Ltd. v. MCD,

(2003) 7 SCC 151 n 704Krishnamoorthy v. Sivakumar, (2015) 3 SCC 467 n 213, 250, 264, 294, 354, 364, 440, 668, 1180

Krishnanand v. State of M.P., (1977) 1 SCC 816 n 410

Krishna Swami v. Union of India, (1992) 4 SCC 605 n 223, 526, 576, 621, 911

Kubic Darsuz v. Union of India, (1990) 1 SCC 568 n 862

Kuldip Nayar v. Union of India, (2006) 7 SCC 1 n 367, 942, 1027

Kulwant Kaur v. Gurdial Singh Mann, (2001) 4 SCC 262 n 1147

Kulwant Singh v. State of Punjab, (2013) 4 SCC 177 n 1178

Kumar Padma Prasad v. Union of India, (1992) 2 SCC 428 n 63

Kundula Bala Subrahmanyam v. State of A.P., (1993) 2 SCC 684 n 327, 1112

Kunwar Nripendra Bahadur Singh v. Jai Ram Verma, (1977) 4 SCC 153 n 356

Kunwar Shri Vir Rajendra Singh v. Union of India, (1969) 3 SCC 150 n 959

Kurukshetra University v. State of Haryana, (1977) 4 SCC 451 n 425

LL. Debi Prasad v. Tribeni Devi,

(1970) 1 SCC 677 n 510L.M.S. Ummu Saleema v. B.B. Gujaral,

(1981) 3 SCC 317 n 680Lachhamadevi v. State of Rajasthan,

(1988) 4 SCC 456 n 601Lachhman Dass v. Jagat Ram,

(2007) 10 SCC 448 n 894Lafarge Umiam Mining (P) Ltd. v. Union of India,

(2011) 7 SCC 338 n 377, 898, 922, 1137Lakshmi Charan Sen v. A.K.M. Hassan

Uzzaman, (1985) 4 SCC 689 n 157Lakshmi Kant Pandey v. Union of

India, (1984) 2 SCC 244 n 117Lala Mata Din v. A. Narayanan,

(1969) 2 SCC 770 n 773Lala Ram v. Union of India, (2015)

5 SCC 813 n 1186Lalit Kishore Chaturvedi v. Jagdish Prasad

Thada, 1990 Supp SCC 248 n 301Lalji v. State of U.P., (1989) 1 SCC 437 n 18Lallubhai Devchand Shah v. State of

Gujarat, (1971) 3 SCC 767 n 329Lalu Prasad v. State of Jharkhand,

(2013) 8 SCC 593 n 521Lanka Venkateswarlu v. State of A.P.,

(2011) 4 SCC 363 n 318, 581, 592Larsen and Toubro Ltd. v. Union of

India, (2011) 5 SCC 430 n 1009Lata Singh v. State of U.P., (2006) 5 SCC 475 n 509LDA v. M.K. Gupta, (1994) 1

SCC 243 n 33, 185, 498

LXXXII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Lekha Yadav v. State of Bihar, (1973) 2 SCC 424 n 503

LIC of India v. R. Dhandapani, (2006) 13 SCC 613 n 534

LIC v. Consumer Education & Research Centre, (1995) 5 SCC 482 n 612, 905, 915, 1071

LIC v. Escorts Ltd., (1986) 1 SCC 264 n 446, 562, 657

LIC v. Manubhai D. Shah, (1992) 3 SCC 637 n 1086LIC v. R. Suresh, (2008) 11 SCC 319 n 998Lila Dhar v. State of Rajasthan,

(1981) 4 SCC 159 n 1035Lila Gupta v. Laxmi Narain, (1978)

3 SCC 258 n 563, 755Lily Thomas v. Union of India,

(2013) 7 SCC 653 n 419Lily Thomas v. Union of India, (2000) 6 SCC

224 n 561, 651, 655, 755, 781, 965Lingala Vijay Kumar v. Public Prosecutor,

(1978) 4 SCC 196 n 684, 936, 937, 963Lingappa Pochanna Appelwar v. State of

Maharashtra, (1985) 1 SCC 479 n 312, 324, 679Liverpool & London S.P. & I Assn. Ltd. v. M.V.

Sea Success I, (2004) 9 SCC 512 n 543Lohia Machines Ltd. v. Union of India,

(1985) 2 SCC 197 n 562Lokayukta, Justice Ripusudan Dayal v. State of

M.P., (2014) 4 SCC 473 n 669, 876, 1006Loknath Padhan v. Birendra Kumar

Sahu, (1974) 1 SCC 526 n 354Lok Shikshana Trust v. CIT,

(1976) 1 SCC 254 n 112Lt. Governor, NCT v. Ved Prakash,

(2006) 5 SCC 228 n 230

MM.A. Murthy v. State of Karnataka,

(2003) 7 SCC 517 n 851M.A. Rasheed v. State of Kerala,

(1974) 2 SCC 687 n 953, 956M. Abbas v. State of Kerala, (2001)

10 SCC 103 n 861M.C. Chockalingam v. V. Manickavasagam,

(1974) 1 SCC 48 n 689, 694M.C. Mehta (II) v. Union of India,

(1988) 1 SCC 471 n 783M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath, (1997)

1 SCC 388 n 378, 794M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Kanpur Tanneries

- 22-9-87), (1987) 4 SCC 463 n 1185

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Shriram - Oleum Gas), (1987) 1 SCC 395 n 678

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (1991) 2 SCC 353 n 379



M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (2006) 3 SCC 399 n 692, 773, 1013, 1127


M.C. Mehta v. Union of India., (1986) 2 SCC 176 n 498

M.C. Verghese v. T.J. Poonan, (1969) 1 SCC 37 n 756

M. Gurumoorthy v. Accountant General, Assam (Nagaland), (1971) 2 SCC 137 n 114, 713

M.H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra, (1978) 3 SCC 544 n 60, 697, 1043, 1062

M.I. Builders (P) Ltd. v. Radhey Shyam Sahu, (1999) 6 SCC 464 n 601

M.K. Abraham & Co. v. State of Kerala, (2009) 7 SCC 636 n 199

M.K. Balakrishnan Menon v. CED-cum-ITO, (1971) 2 SCC 909 n 757

M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India, (1979) 3 SCC 431 n 1113

M.L. Sachdev v. Union of India, (1991) 1 SCC 605 n 1015

M.M. Khan v. S.A. Khan, (1971) 3 SCC 810 n 775M.M.T.C. Ltd. v. Medchl Chemicals and

Pharma (P) Ltd., (2002) 1 SCC 234 n 242M. Manohar Reddy v. Union of India,

(2013) 3 SCC 99 n 521M. Nagabhushana v. State of Karnataka,

(2011) 3 SCC 408 n 741M. Nagaraj v. Union of India, (2006) 8

SCC 212 n 88, 158, 179, 404, 466, 511, 542, 764, 901, 982, 999, 1012

M. Narayana Rao v. G. Venkata Reddy, (1977) 1 SCC 771 n 211, 212, 357, 1127, 1130

M.P. Oil Extraction v. State of M.P., (1997) 7 SCC 592 n 612

M.P. Ration Vikreta Sangh Society v. State of M.P., (1981) 4 SCC 535 n 395

M.R. Mini v. State of Kerala, (1980) 2 SCC 216 n 244, 342, 623

M.R. Parashar v. Farooq Abdullah, (1984) 2 SCC 343 n 643, 839

M. Ramanatha Pillai v. State of Kerala, (1973) 2 SCC 650 n 841, 842

TABLE OF CASES n LXXXIII

M.S. Grewal v. Deep Chand Sood, (2001) 8 SCC 151 n 232

M.S. Nally Bharat Engineering Co. Ltd. v. State of Bihar, (1990) 2 SCC 48 n 436

M.V. Al Quamar v. Tsavliris Salvage (International) Ltd., (2000) 8 SCC 278 n 240

M.V. Elisabeth v. Harwan Investment & Trading Pvt. Ltd., 1993 Supp (2) SCC 433 n 605, 698, 705

M.V. Jayarajan v. High Court of Kerala, (2015) 4 SCC 81 n 266, 1081

M. Veerabhadra Rao v. Tek Chand, 1984 Supp SCC 571 n 702

M. Veerappa v. Evelyn Sequeira, (1988) 1 SCC 556 n 46

Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab, (1983) 3 SCC 470 n 280, 1017

Madan Gopal Kanodia v. Mamraj Maniram, (1977) 1 SCC 669 n 830

Madeva Upendra Sinai v. Union of India, (1975) 3 SCC 765 n 711

Madhav Rao Jivaji Rao Scindia v. Union of India, (1971) 1 SCC 85 n 723, 856, 877, 1022

Madhu Gopal v. VI ADJ, (1988) 4 SCC 644 n 895Madhukar G.E. Pankakar v. Jaswant

Chobbildas Rajani, (1977) 1 SCC 70 n 362, 363, 507, 614, 686, 804, 1104

Madhu Kishwar v. State of Bihar, (1996) 5 SCC 125 n 586, 673, 674, 729

Madhu Limaye, In re, (1969) 1 SCC 292 n 827Madhu Limaye v. State of Maharashtra,

(1977) 4 SCC 551 n 502Madras Bar Assn. v. Union of India, (2014) 10

SCC 1 n 20, 86, 87, 591, 939, 1050, 1199Madura Coats Ltd. v. Inspector of

Factories, (1981) 1 SCC 590 n 1183Mafatlal Industries Ltd. v. Union of India,

(1997) 5 SCC 536 n 234, 502, 1136 1174Maganbhai Ishwarbhai Patel v. Union of

India, (1970) 3 SCC 400 n 1163Maganlal Chhaganlal (P) Ltd. v. Municipal

Corpn. of Greater Bombay, (1974) 2 SCC 402 n 309, 853, 953, 1021, 1094

Mahabir Auto Stores v. Indian Oil Corpn., (1990) 3 SCC 752 n 423

Mahabir Prasad Santuka v. Collector, (1987) 1 SCC 587 n 752

Mahabir Prasad Singh v. Jacks Aviation (P) Ltd., (1999) 1 SCC 37 n 602, 607

Mahabir Vegetable Oils (P) Ltd. v. State of Haryana, (2006) 3 SCC 620 n 886

Mahalinga Thambiran v. Arulnandi Thambiran, (1974) 1 SCC 150 n 1112

Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd. v. Mathias Oram, (2010) 11 SCC 269 n 23

Mahant Dharam Das v. State of Punjab, (1975) 1 SCC 343 n 1000

Maharaja Chintamani Saran Nath Sah Deo v. CIT, (1971) 2 SCC 521 n 1023

Maharaj Singh v. State of U.P., (1977) 1 SCC 155 n 49, 747, 823, 878, 969

Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education v. K.S. Gandhi, (1991) 2 SCC 716 n 340, 341

Maharashtra v. Central Provinces Manganese Ore Co. Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 643 n 971

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Vedic Vishwavidyalaya v. State of M.P., (2013) 15 SCC 677 n 344, 739

Mahendra Pal v. Ram Dass Malanger, (2000) 1 SCC 261 n 367

Mahendra Singh Dhantwal v. Hindustan Motors Ltd., (1976) 4 SCC 606 n 772

Mahesh Chandra v. U.P. Financial Corpn., (1993) 2 SCC 279 n 310, 675, 1023

Mahindra Nath Shukla v. State of Bihar, (1980) 3 SCC 353 n 810

Major Saurabh Charan v. NCT of Delhi, (2014) 6 SCC 798 n 333

Makhan Lal Bangal v. Manas Bhunia, (2001) 2 SCC 652 n 582

Malabar Fisheries Co. v. CIT, (1979) 4 SCC 766 n 818

Malathi Ravi v. B.V. Ravi, (2014) 7 SCC 640 n 752Mallikarjun v. National Insurance Co.

Ltd., (2014) 14 SCC 396 n 275Malpe Vishwanath Acharya v. State of

Maharashtra, (1998) 2 SCC 1 n 705Mamleshwar Prasad v. Kanhaiya Lal,

(1975) 2 SCC 232 n 688Managing Director, U.P. Warehousing Corpn. v.

Vijay Narayan Vajpayee, (1980) 3 SCC 459 n 374Mandal Revenue Officer v. Goundla

Venkaiah, (2010) 2 SCC 461 n 40Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, (1978) 1

SCC 248 n 76, 77, 178, 238, 303, 416, 468, 469, 721, 734, 792, 938, 950, 995, 1088

Maneka Sanjay Gandhi v. Rani Jethmalani, (1979) 4 SCC 167 n 221, 434, 607, 645, 703, 749, 1159

Mangilal v. State of M.P., (1994) 4 SCC 564 n 575Maniben Devraj Shah v. Municipal Corpn. of

Brihan Mumbai, (2012) 5 SCC 157 n 138Manik Chand v. Ramchandra,

(1980) 4 SCC 22 n 135Maninderjit Singh Bitta v. Union of India, (2012)

1 SCC 273 n 124, 192, 320, 1008, 1101

LXXXIV n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Mani Subrat Jain v. Raja Ram Vohra, (1980) 1 SCC 1 n 853

Manjushri Raha v. B.L. Gupta, (1977) 2 SCC 174 n 134, 555

Mannalal Khetan v. Kedar Nath Khetan, (1977) 2 SCC 424 n 200, 202, 820

Mannam Venkatdari v. State of A.P., (1971) 3 SCC 254 n 1175

Manoharan v. Sivarajan, (2014) 4 SCC 163 n 640Manohar Joshi v. State of Maharashtra, (2012)

3 SCC 619 n 310, 345, 483, 899, 900, 909Manohar Lal Sharma v. Medical Council

of India, (2013) 10 SCC 60 n 760Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principal Secy., (2014) 2

SCC 532 n 3, 112, 177, 214, 418, 804, 1114, 1128Manohar Lal Sharma v. Union of India,

(2013) 6 SCC 616 n 486Manohar Nathurao Samarth v. Marotrao,

(1979) 4 SCC 93 n 302, 550, 587Manoj H. Mishra v. Union of India,

(2013) 6 SCC 313 n 1188Manoj I Naik & Associates v. Official

Liquidator, (2015) 3 SCC 112 n 737Manoj Narula v. Union of India, (2014) 9

SCC 1 n 140, 144, 158, 178, 220, 255, 256, 294, 295, 325, 479, 480, 485, 868

Mantoo Majumdar v. State of Bihar, (1980) 2 SCC 406 n 517, 682, 721, 1103

Manu Sharma v. State (NCT of Delhi), (2010) 6 SCC 1 n 259, 262, 589, 627, 859, 861, 1011, 1082

Marathwada University v. Seshrao Balwant Rao Cahvan, (1989) 3 SCC 132 n 1177

Maria Margarida Sequeira Fernandes v. Erasmo Jack de Sequeira, (2012) 5 SCC 370 n 22, 229, 626, 1024, 1165

Markfed Vanaspati & Allied Industries v. Union of India, (2007) 7 SCC 679 n 69

Markio Tado v. Takam Sorang, (2013) 7 SCC 524 n 849

Martin F. D’Souza v. Mohd. Ishfaq, (2009) 3 SCC 1 n 671

Maru Ram v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 107 n 181, 645, 720, 810, 821, 822, 869, 872, 937, 961, 962, 1041, 1179

Masood Alam v. Union of India, (1973) 1 SCC 551 n 1021

Mathura Prasad Bajoo Jaiswal v. Dossibai N.B. Jeejeebhoy, (1970) 1 SCC 613 n 759, 978

Matru v. State of U.P., (1971) 2 SCC 75 n 413Mattulal v. Radhe Lal, (1974) 2 SCC 365 n 502Maula Bux v. Union of India,

(1969) 2 SCC 554 n 202

Maya Devi v. Raj Kumari Batra, (2010) 9 SCC 486 n 421, 1011

Mayawati v. Markandeya Chand, (1998) 7 SCC 517 n 839

McDowell & Co. Ltd. v. CTO, (1977) 1 SCC 441 n 415

MCD v. Female Workers (Muster Roll), (2000) 3 SCC 224 n 1193

MCD v. Nirmal Sachdeva, (2001) 10 SCC 364 n 406

Medical Council of India v. M.G.R. Educational & Research Institute University, (2015) 4 SCC 580 n 761

Meena v. State of Maharashtra, (2000) 5 SCC 21 n 141

Meerut Development Authority v. Assn. of Management Studies, (2009) 6 SCC 171 n 446, 904

Meghmala v. G. Narasimha Reddy, (2010) 8 SCC 383 n 448, 453, 608

Mehboob Batcha v. State, (2011) 7 SCC 45 n 269Mehmood Alam Tariq v. State of

Rajasthan, (1988) 3 SCC 241 n 96Mehmood Nayyar Azam v. State of Chhattisgarh,

(2012) 8 SCC 1 n 11, 510, 511, 513, 1002, 1006Mehrawal Khewaji Trust v. State of

Punjab, (2012) 5 SCC 432 n 665Mewa Ram Kanojia v. AIIMS,

(1989) 2 SCC 233 n 380Micro Hotel (P) Ltd. v. Hotel Torrento

Ltd., (2012) 10 SCC 290 n 228, 625Mina Lalita Baruwa v. State of Orissa,

(2013) 16 SCC 173 n 227, 254, 258Ministry of Health & Welfare, Maharashtra v.

S.C. Malte, (2012) 13 SCC 118 n 523, 524Ministry of Information & Broadcasting,

Govt. of India v. Cricket Assn. of Bengal, (1995) 2 SCC 161 n 49, 300, 301, 989, 1074, 1076, 1084, 1085, 1103, 1147

Mishri Lal v. Dhirendra Nath, (1999) 4 SCC 11 n 1098

Misrilal Lal Jain v. State of Orissa, (1977) 3 SCC 212 n 633

Mithilesh Kumari v. Prem Behari Khare, (1989) 2 SCC 95 n 999

Mithu v. State of Punjab, (1983) 2 SCC 277 n 710Mofil Khan v. State of Jharkhand, (2015) 1

SCC 67 n 277, 647, 1037, 1045, 1178Mohammad Giasuddin v. State of A.P.,

(1977) 3 SCC 287 n 265, 601, 822, 870, 936, 962, 1035, 1043, 1048

Mohammad Khan v. State of M.P., (1971) 3 SCC 683 n 874

TABLE OF CASES n LXXXV

Mohammed Gazi v. State of M.P., (2000) 4 SCC 342 n 673

Mohan Lal Pangasa v. State of U.P., (1974) 4 SCC 607 n 411

Mohan Singh v. Amar Singh, (1998) 6 SCC 686 n 194

Mohd. Abdul Kadir v. DGP, (2009) 6 SCC 611 n 904

Mohd. Ahmad v. Atma Ram Chauhan, (2011) 7 SCC 755 n 971

Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, (1985) 2 SCC 556 n 657

Mohd. Ajmal Amir Kasab v. State of Maharashtra, (2012) 9 SCC 1 n 144, 531

Mohd. Arif v. Supreme Court of India, (2014) 9 SCC 737 n 47, 74, 241, 278, 726, 732, 735, 1038

Mohd. Aslam v. State of U.P., (1976) 4 SCC 283 n 311, 1060, 1072

Mohd. Aynuddin v. State of A.P., (2000) 6 SCC 72 n 796

Mohd. Faizan Ahmad v. State of Bihar, (2013) 2 SCC 131 n 888

Mohd. Faruk v. State of M.P., (1969) 1 SCC 853 n 724

Mohd. Giasuddin v. State of A.P., (1977) 3 SCC 287 n 1048

Mohd. Hanif v. State of Assam, (1969) 2 SCC 782 n 636

Mohd. Hussain v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi), (2012) 2 SCC 584 n 11, 266, 403, 434, 580, 626, 696

Mohd. Hussain v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi), (2012) 9 SCC 408 n 1091

Mohd. Salimuddin v. Misri Lal., (1986) 2 SCC 378 n 615

Mohd. Serajuddin v. State of Orissa, (1975) 2 SCC 47 n 204

Mohd. Shahabuddin v. State of Bihar, (2010) 4 SCC 653 n 251, 618

Mohd. Shujat Ali v. Union of India, (1975) 3 SCC 76 n 952

Mohd. Subrati v. State of W.B., (1973) 3 SCC 250 n 827

Mohd. Yousuf Rather v. State of J&K, (1979) 4 SCC 370 n 864

Mohd. Yunus Khan v. State of U.P., (2010) 10 SCC 539 n 65, 729, 1065

Mohider Singh v. State of Punjab, (1977) 3 SCC 34 n 97, 726

Mohinder Singh Gill v. Chief Election Commr., (1978) 1 SCC 405 n 303, 360, 365, 369, 432, 437, 738, 789, 844, 972

Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka, (1992) 3 SCC 666 n 99, 346, 347, 467, 1147

Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. v. Jan Chetna, (2013) 10 SCC 574 n 228

Monogram Mills Ltd. v. State of Gujarat, (1976) 3 SCC 294 n 304

Monthly Rated Workmen v. Indian Hume Pipe Co., 1986 (Supp) SCC 79 n 745

Moorthy v. State of T.N., (1988) 3 SCC 207 n 442Motilal Padampat Sugar Mills Co. Ltd. v. State

of U.P., (1979) 2 SCC 409 n 693, 1018Moti Natwarlal v. Raghavayya Nagindas

& Co., (1977) 2 SCC 761 n 426Moti Ram v. State of M.P., (1978) 4 SCC

47 n 81, 387, 684, 862, 1067, 1093Motor General Traders v. State of A.P.,

(1984) 1 SCC 222 n 1113Motor Owners’ Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Jadavji

Keshavji Modi Co. Ltd., (1981) 4 SCC 660 n 680MSCO. (P) Ltd. v. Union of India,

(1985) 1 SCC 51 n 535MSR Leathers v. S. Palaniappan,

(2013) 1 SCC 177 n 560Muktinarain Jha v. State of Bihar,

(1978) 1 SCC 497 n 1043Mulk Raj v. State of Punjab, (1972) 3 SCC 839 n 59Mumbai Kamgar Sabha v. Abdulbhai

Faizullabhai, (1976) 3 SCC 832 n 138, 687Municipal Corpn. of Greater Mumbai v.

Kohinoor CTNL Infrastructure Co. (P) Ltd., (2014) 4 SCC 538 n 376

Municipal Corpn. of the City of Ahmedabad v. Jan Mohd. Usmanbhai, (1986) 3 SCC 20 n 244, 313, 467, 491, 715, 906

Municipal Corpn. of the City of Ahmedabad v. New Shrock Spg. and Wvg. Co. Ltd., (1970) 2 SCC 280 n 713

Municipal Corpn. v. Subha Rao, (1976) 4 SCC 830 n 566

Municipal Council v. Tirumalai Tirupathi Devasthanam, (1974) 1 SCC 683 n 1143

Munney Khan v. State of M.P., (1970) 2 SCC 480 n 874

Munshi Singh Gautam v. State of M.P., (2005) 9 SCC 631 n 271

Munshi v. Richpal, (1977) 2 SCC 605 n 840Murlidhar Aggarwal v. State of U.P.,

(1974) 2 SCC 472 n 923Murlidhar Dayandeo Kesekar v. Vishwanath

Pandu Barde, 1995 Supp (2) SCC 549 n 730Murthy Match Works v. CCE,

(1974) 4 SCC 428 n 127

LXXXVI n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Musa Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (1977) 1 SCC 733 n 1174

Mysore SRTC v. Mirja Khasim Ali Beg, (1977) 2 SCC 457 n 646

Mysore SRTC v. Mysore STAT, (1974) 2 SCC 750 n 779

NN. Adithayan v. Travancore Devaswom

Board, (2002) 8 SCC 106 n 1075N. Ammad v. Emjay High School,

(1998) 6 SCC 674 n 498N.D. Jayal v. Union of India, (2004) 9

SCC 362 n 378, 1061, 1135N.G. Dastane (Dr) v. S. Dastane,

(1975) 2 SCC 326 n 267, 756N.K. Bajpai v. Union of India, (2012)

4 SCC 653 n 91, 462, 950N.K. Chauhan v. State of Gujarat, (1977) 1

SCC 308 n 225, 685, 686, 941, 1104N. Kamalam v. Ayyasamy, (2001) 7 SCC 503 n 650N. Kannadasan v. Ajoy Khose, (2009) 7

SCC 1 n 560, 627, 850, 1052, 1102N. Narayanan v. SEBI, (2013) 12 SCC

152 n 315, 571, 751, 1033N.S. Rajabathar Mudaliar v. M.S. Vadivelu

Mudaliar, (1970) 1 SCC 12 n 274N. Sengodan v. State of T.N.,

(2013) 8 SCC 664 n 824N.V. Shanmugham & Co. v. CIT,

(1970) 2 SCC 139 n 1141N. Vasundara v. State of Mysore,

(1971) 2 SCC 22 n 402N. Venugopala Ravi Varma Rajah v. Union

of India, (1969) 1 SCC 681 n 381, 1142Naga People’s Movement of Human Rights v.

Union of India, (1998) 2 SCC 109 n 71Nagar Panchayat, Kurwai v. Mahesh Kumar

Singhal, (2013) 12 SCC 342 n 780, 891Nagen Murmu v. State of W.B.,

(1973) 3 SCC 63 n 866Nagpur Improvement Trust v. Vithal

Rao, (1973) 1 SCC 500 n 953Namit Sharma v. Union of India, (2013) 1 SCC

745 n 228, 522, 610, 670, 784, 995, 1081Nandini Satpathy v. P.L. Dani, (1978) 2 SCC

424 n 139, 147, 164, 167, 174, 255, 256, 261, 552, 638, 731, 738, 820, 832, 835

Nandini Sundar v. State of Chhattisgarh, (2011) 7 SCC 547 n 163, 670, 699, 700, 728, 1009, 1152

Nand Lal Bajaj v. State of Punjab, (1981) 4 SCC 327 n 720, 825, 864

Nandlal Wasudeo Badwaik v. Lata Nandlal Badwaik, (2014) 2 SCC 576 n 640, 1165

Narain Das Jain v. Agra Nagar Mahapalika, (1991) 4 SCC 212 n 665

Narain Dass v. Improvement Trust, Amritsar, (1973) 2 SCC 265 n 389

Naraindas v. Vallabhdas, (1971) 3 SCC 642 n 70Narashimha Murthy v. Susheelabai,

(1996) 3 SCC 644 n 674Narayan Dass Indurakhya v. State of

M.P., (1972) 3 SCC 676 n 955Narayan Govind Gavate v. State of Maharashtra,

(1977) 1 SCC 133 n 411, 805, 861Narender Singh v. Mala Ram,

(1999) 8 SCC 198 n 362Narendra Bahadur Singh v. State of

U.P., (1977) 1 SCC 216 n 14Narendra Champaklal Trivedi v. State of

Gujarat, (2012) 7 SCC 80 n 215Narendra Kumar Maheshwari v. Union of

India, 1990 Supp SCC 440 n 329Narendra Madivalapa Kheni v. Manikrao

Patil, (1977) 4 SCC 16 n 303, 844, 879, 880, 975, 1019, 1134

Narendra Prasadji v. State of Gujarat, (1975) 1 SCC 11 n 1106

Naresh Chandra Sanyal v. Calcutta Stock Exchange Assn. Ltd., (1971) 1 SCC 50 n 1058

Naresh Kumar v. State of Haryana, (2015) 1 SCC 797 n 516

Narinder Chand Hem Raj v. Lt. Governor, (1971) 2 SCC 747 n 1140

Narinderjit Singh Sahni v. Union of India, (2002) 2 SCC 210 n 544

Narinder Singh Arora v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi), (2012) 1 SCC 561 n 654

Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466 n 1096

Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India, (2000) 10 SCC 664 n 223, 378

Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India, (1999) 8 SCC 308 n 740, 1083

Narmada Bai v. State of Gujarat, (2011) 5 SCC 79 n 648

Narotam Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979) 4 SCC 505 n 604, 822

Nashirwar v. State of M.P., (1975) 1 SCC 29 n 470, 695, 971

National Buildings Construction Corpn. v. S. Raghunathan, (1998) 7 SCC 66 n 716

TABLE OF CASES n LXXXVII

National Engineering Industries Ltd. v. Shri Kishan Bhageria, 1988 Supp SCC 82 n 1072

National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 438 n 144, 305, 383, 476, 669, 1006, 1162

National Textile Corpn. Ltd. v. Sitaram Mills Ltd., 1986 (Supp) SCC 117 n 1154

National Textile Corpn. v. State of Maharashtra, (1977) 3 SCC 4 n 520

National Textile Workers’ Union v. P.R. Ramakrishnan, (1983) 1 SCC 228 n 132, 207, 302, 644, 679

Natwar Singh v. Director of Enforcement, (2010) 13 SCC 255 n 230, 437, 785

Nawabkhan Abbaskhan v. State of Gujarat, (1974) 2 SCC 121 n 31, 75, 76, 427, 791, 806, 955, 988, 989

NCTE v. Venus Public Education Society, (2013) 1 SCC 223 n 641

Neelima Misra v. Harinder Kaur Paintal, (1990) 2 SCC 746 n 436

Nepal Singh v. State of U.P., (1985) 1 SCC 56 n 424Nepal Singh v. State of U.P., (1980)

3 SCC 288 n 244Neptune Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Union of

India, (1973) 1 SCC 310 n 132, 473New Central Jute Mills Co. Ltd. v.

CCE, (1970) 2 SCC 820 n 50New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Gopali,

(2012) 12 SCC 198 n 658New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Kiran

Singh, (2004) 10 SCC 649 n 537NHRC v. State of Gujarat, (2009) 6 SCC 342 n 132Nidamartimahesh Kumar v. State of

Maharashtra., (1986) 2 SCC 534 n 386Nikhil Himthani v. State of Uttarakhand,

(2013) 10 SCC 237 n 398Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa, (1993)

2 SCC 746 n 223, 914, 1015, 1130Nimmagadda Prasad v. CBI, (2013)

7 SCC 466 n 1189Niranjan Hemchandra Sashittal v.

State of Maharashtra, (2013) 4 SCC 642 n 4, 214, 288, 480, 735

Niranjan Singh Karam Singh Punjabi v. Jitendra Bhimraj Bijjaya, (1990) 4 SCC 76 n 934

Niranjan Singh v. Prabhakar Rajaram Kharote, (1980) 2 SCC 559 n 272, 1018, 1100

Nirmala J. Jhala v. State of Gujarat, (2013) 4 SCC 301 n 21

Nirmala Senior Secondary School, v. N.I. Khan, (2003) 12 SCC 84 n 62

Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences v. Prasanth S. Dhananka, (2009) 6 SCC 1 n 761

NOIDA Entrepreneurs Assn. v. NOIDA, (2011) 6 SCC 508 n 843, 1009, 1101

Noorduddin v. Dr K.L. Anand, (1995) 1 SCC 242 n 656

Noor Mohammed v. Jethanand, (2013) 5 SCC 202 n 296

Northern India Caterers (India) Ltd. v. Lt. Governor of Delhi, (1980) 2 SCC 167 n 992, 1022

Novartis AG v. Union of India, (2013) 6 SCC 1 n 819

Nrisingha Murari Chakraborty v. State of W.B., (1977) 3 SCC 7 n 818

OO.N.G.C. v. Assn. of Natural Gas Consuming

Industries of Gujarat, 1990 Supp SCC 397 n 885O.N. Mohindroo v. Distt. Judge, Delhi,

(1971) 3 SCC 5 n 85, 993O.P. Gupta v. Union of India, (1987)

4 SCC 328 n 75, 436O.P. Sharma v. High Court of Punjab & Haryana,

(2011) 6 SCC 86 n 43, 44, 195, 658O.P. Singla v. Union of India, (1984)

4 SCC 450 n 27, 643O.Z. Hussain v. Union of India,

1990 Supp SCC 668 n 887Odyssey Communications (P) Ltd. v. Lokvidayan

Sanghatana, (1988) 3 SCC 410 n 1086Official Liquidator v. Dayanand, (2008)

10 SCC 1 n 159, 316, 597, 1097Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corpn.,

(1985) 3 SCC 545 n 132, 147, 161, 657, 730, 744, 787, 819, 842, 931, 1073

OMA v. State of T.N., (2013) 3 SCC 440 n 580Om Parkash v. State of Haryana,

(1971) 3 SCC 792 n 503Om Prakash Chautala v. Kanwar Bhan,

(2014) 5 SCC 417 n 591, 592, 596, 976Om Prakash Sud v. State of J&K,

(1981) 2 SCC 270 n 386, 952Om Prakash v. Lauti Ram, (1971) 3 SCC 868 n 1078Om Prakash v. State of Jharkhand,

(2012) 12 SCC 72 n 835Om Prakash v. State of Rajasthan,

(2012) 5 SCC 201 n 9, 660Om Wati v. State, (2001) 4 SCC 333 n 457ONGC Ltd. v. Western Geco International

Ltd., (2014) 9 SCC 263 n 61, 286, 418

LXXXVIII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

ONGC v. Utpal Kumar Basu, (1994) 4 SCC 711 n 1150

Onkarnath Singh v. State of U.P., (1975) 3 SCC 276 n 873

Onkar Nath v. Delhi Admn., (1977) 2 SCC 611 n 605, 889

Organo Chemical Industries v. Union of India, (1979) 4 SCC 573 n 276, 401

Ouseph Mathai v. M. Abdul Khadir, (2002) 1 SCC 319 n 545

PP.B. Roy v. Union of India, (1972)

3 SCC 432 n 1000P.C. Cheriyan v. Barfi Devi, (1980) 2 SCC 461 n 853P.C. Mukherjee v. S.K. Mukherjee,

(1971) 3 SCC 607 n 40P.D. Dinakaran (1) v. Judges Inquiry

Committee, (2011) 8 SCC 380 n 580, 785P.D. Gupta v. Ram Murti, (1997) 7 SCC 147 n 25P.D. Khandekar v. Bar Council of

Maharashtra, (1984) 2 SCC 556 n 884P. Janardhana Reddy v. State of A.P.,

(2001) 6 SCC 50 n 422P.K. Badiani v. CIT, (1976) 4 SCC 562 n 886P.K. Ghosh v. J.G. Rajput, (1995) 6 SCC 744 n 642P. Malaichami v. M. Andi Ambalam,

(1973) 2 SCC 170 n 359, 636P.N. Duda v. P. Shiv Shanker,

(1988) 3 SCC 167 n 659P.N. Kaushal v. Union of India, (1978)

3 SCC 558 n 68, 567, 684, 931P.N. Krishna Lal v. Govt. of Kerala,

1995 Supp (2) SCC 187 n 1072P. Nalla Thampy Terah v. Union of India,

1985 Supp SCC 189 n 126P. Nalla Thampy Thera v. Union of

India, (1983) 4 SCC 598 n 450P. Ramachandra Rao v. State of Karnataka,

(2002) 4 SCC 578 n 242, 290, 582, 629, 704, 705, 1092, 1127, 1129

P. Ramakrishnam Raju v. Union of India, (2014) 12 SCC 1 n 83, 84

P. Rathinam v. Union of India, (1994) 3 SCC 394 n 675, 778

P.S.R. Sadhanantham v. Arunachalam, (1980) 3 SCC 141 n 18, 29, 254, 425, 601, 682, 825

P.S. Ranakrishna Reddy v. M.K. Bhagyalakshmi, (2007) 10 SCC 231 n 1024

P. Sambamurthy v. State of A.P., (1987) 1 SCC 362 n 1016

P. Sanjeeva Rao v. State of A.P., (2012) 7 SCC 56 n 433

P. Sivaswamy v. State of A.P., (1988) 4 SCC 466 n 392

P.T. Munichikkanna Reddy v. Revamma, (2007) 6 SCC 59 n 736

Padma v. Hiralal Motilal Desarda, (2002) 7 SCC 564 n 917

Palaniappa Gounder v. State of T.N., (1977) 2 SCC 634 n 444

Panchugopal Barua v. Umesh Chandra Goswami, (1997) 4 SCC 713 n 234

Pandit Lakshmi Kant Jha v. CWT, (1974) 3 SCC 126 n 134

Pandurang Mahadeo Kavade v. A.B. Bokil, (1971) 3 SCC 530 n 978

Pandurang v. State of Maharashtra, (1986) 4 SCC 436 n 285, 796

Pankaj Bhargava v. Mohinder Nath, (1991) 1 SCC 556 n 561

Pankaj Kumar Chakrabarty v. State of W.B., (1969) 3 SCC 400 n 867

Pannalal Bansilal Pitti v. State of A.P., (1996) 2 SCC 498 n 1171

Paradip Port Trust v. Workmen, (1977) 2 SCC 339 n 685

Parashuram Pottery Works Co. Ltd. v. ITO, (1977) 1 SCC 408 n 743, 1138

Parkash Singh Teji v. Northen India Goods Transport Co. (P) Ltd., (2009) 12 SCC 577 n 24

Parmanand Katara v. Union of India, (1989) 4 SCC 286 n 512

Parmeshwari Devi v. State, (1977) 1 SCC 169 n 538Pasupuleti Venkateswarlu v. Motor and General

Traders, (1975) 1 SCC 770 n 407Patel Narshi Thakershi v. Pradyumansinghji,

(1971) 3 SCC 844 n 992Pathan Mohammed Suleman Rehmatkhan v. State

of Gujarat, (2014) 4 SCC 156 n 284, 286Pathumma v. State of Kerala, (1978) 2

SCC 1 n 238, 451, 624, 709Pebam Ningol Mikoi Devi v. State of

Manipur, (2010) 9 SCC 618 n 718Peerless General Finance & Investment Co. Ltd.

v. RBI, (1992) 2 SCC 343 n 224, 711, 987People’s Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of

India, (2013) 10 SCC 1 n 360, 798, 1181People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union

of India, (2003) 4 SCC 399 n 121, 170, 1180, 1181Perumal v. Janaki, (2014) 5 SCC 377 n 112, 1006

TABLE OF CASES n LXXXIX

Phul Singh v. State of Haryana, (1979) 4 SCC 413 n 477, 945, 961

Piara Singh v. State of Punjab, (1977) 4 SCC 452 n 410, 958

Pokar Ram v. State of Rajasthan, (1985) 2 SCC 597 n 57

Polestar Electronic (P) Ltd. v. Addl. CST, (1978) 1 SCC 636 n 564

Polychem Ltd. v. R.D. Tulpule, Industrial Tribunal, (1972) 1 SCC 885 n 1182

Pomal Kanji Govindji v. Vrajlal Karsandas Purohit, (1989) 1 SCC 458 n 203, 677

Ponnala Lakshmaiah v. Kommuri Pratap Reddy, (2012) 7 SCC 788 n 228, 358, 361, 363

Poonam Lata v. M.L. Wadhawan, (1987) 3 SCC 347 n 815

Pooran Mal v. Director of Inspection, (1974) 1 SCC 345 n 1143

Port of Bombay v. Dilipkumar Raghavendranath Nadkarni, (1983) 1 SCC 124 n 644

Postmaster General v. Living Media India Ltd., (2012) 3 SCC 563 n 138

Prabhakaran Nair v. State of T.N., (1987) 4 SCC 238 n 510, 666

Prabhu Dayal Deorah v. Distt. Magistrate, (1974) 1 SCC 103 n 307, 493, 827, 866, 1071

Prabodh Verma v. State of U.P., (1984) 4 SCC 251 n 884

Pradeep Jain v. Union of India, (1984) 3 SCC 654 n 386, 398, 985

Prafull Goradia v. Union of India, (2011) 2 SCC 568 n 1028

Prag Ice & Oil Mills v. Union of India, (1978) 3 SCC 459 n 185, 425, 552, 797, 868

Prakash Jha Productions v. Union of India, (2011) 8 SCC 372 n 105, 854, 979

Prakash Kadam v. Ramprasad Vishwanath Gupta, (2011) 6 SCC 189 n 374, 375

Prakash Singh v. Union of India, (2006) 8 SCC 1 n 1012

Pramati Educational & Cultural Trust v. Union of India, (2014) 8 SCC 1 n 1026

Pratapsinhji N. Desai v. Dy. Charity Commr., 1987 Supp SCC 714 n 375, 902

Pratap v. State of U.P., (1973) 3 SCC 690 n 993Pratibha Rani v. Suraj Kumar, (1985)

2 SCC 370 n 547, 678Pratima Chowdhury v. Kalpana Mukherjee,

(2014) 4 SCC 196 n 407Preeti Gupta v. State of Jharkhand, (2010)

7 SCC 667 n 501, 648, 715, 759, 883Preeti Srivastava v. State of M.P.,

(1999) 7 SCC 120 n 338

Prem Ballab v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1977) 1 SCC 173 n 38

Prem Chand v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 639 n 6

Premium Granites v. State of T.N., (1994) 2 SCC 691 n 923

Prem Shankar Shukla v. Delhi Admn., (1980) 3 SCC 526 n 496, 497, 518, 681, 825, 872, 989

Presidential Poll, In re, (1974) 2 SCC 33 n 322, 361, 369, 370, 566, 857

Press Trust of India v. Union of India, (1974) 4 SCC 638 n 706

Printers (Mysore) Ltd. v. CTO, (1994) 2 SCC 434 n 859

Pritam Pal v. High Court of M.P., 1993 Supp (1) SCC 529 n 194, 675

Prithvi Raj Taneja v. State of M.P., (1977) 1 SCC 684 n 752

Priyadarshini Dental College & Hospital v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 623 n 610, 1050

Priyanka Srivastava v. State of U.P., (2015) 6 SCC 287 n 48, 745

Prof. Balraj Madhok v. Shashi Bhushan, (1972) 2 SCC 616 n 306, 750

Profulla Chorone Requitte v. Satya Chorone Requitte, (1979) 3 SCC 409 n 1058

Punithavalli Ammal v. Minor Ramalingam, (1970) 1 SCC 570 n 37, 560

Punjab Engg. College v. Sanjay Gulati, (1983) 3 SCC 517 n 679

Punjab National Bank v. Ghulam Dastagir, (1978) 2 SCC 358 n 1067

Punjab National Bank v. Surendra Prasad Sinha, 1993 Supp (1) SCC 499 n 260

Punjab Tin Supply Co. v. Central Govt., (1984) 1 SCC 206 n 548

Puran v. Rambilas, (2001) 6 SCC 338 n 949Pure Helium India (P) Ltd. v. Oil & Natural

Gas Commission, (2003) 8 SCC 593 n 544Pushkar Mukherjee v. State of W.B.,

(1969) 1 SCC 10 n 921Pushpa Devi v. Milkhi Ram,

(1990) 2 SCC 134 n 676Pushpanjali Sahu v. State of Orissa,

(2012) 9 SCC 705 n 943Pushpa Vanti v. Union of India,

(2011) 1 SCC 193 n 287Pushpavathi v. Chandraraja Kadamba,

(1973) 3 SCC 291 n 1191Puzhakkal Kuyyappu v. C. Bhargavi,

(1977) 1 SCC 17 n 287, 778, 892Pyarali K. Tejani v. Mahadeo Ramchandra

Dange, (1974) 1 SCC 167 n 239, 1106

XC n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

QQuamarul Islam v. S.K. Kanta, 1994

Supp (3) SCC 5 n 210Quarry Owners’ Assn. v. State of Bihar,

(2000) 8 SCC 655 n 233

RR.B. Jodha Mal Kuthiala v. CIT,

(1971) 3 SCC 369 n 18R.C. Chandel v. High Court of M.P.,

(2012) 8 SCC 58 n 625R.C. Poudyal v. Union of India, 1994 Supp

(1) SCC 324 n 146, 156, 967, 984R.D. Saxena v. Balram Prasad Sharma,

(2000) 7 SCC 264 n 44, 45R.D. Shetty v. International Airport Authority,

(1979) 3 SCC 489 n 1018, 1111R. Dalmia v. CIT, (1977) 2 SCC 467 n 137R.G. Anand v. Delux Films, (1978) 4 SCC 118 n 828R.G. Sahakari Sangha Ltd. v. State of

Mysore, (1974) 2 SCC 221 n 896R.K. Anand v. Delhi High Court, (2009)

8 SCC 106 n 860, 883, 884R.K. Garg v. Union of India, (1981)

4 SCC 675 n 401, 680, 711R.K. Jain v. Union of India, (1993)

4 SCC 119 n 46, 621R. Karuppan, Advocate, Suo Motu Proceedings

against, In re, (2001) 5 SCC 289 n 823R.M. Seshadri v. G. Vasantha Pai,

(1969) 1 SCC 27 n 360R.N. Dangor v. J.K. Ganatra,

(1976) 4 SCC 500 n 220R.P. Khanna v. S.A.F. Abbas,

(1972) 1 SCC 784 n 991R.R. Verma v. Union of India, (1980)

3 SCC 402 n 124, 425R.S. Dass v. Union of India, 1986

(Supp) SCC 617 n 75, 787R.S. Nayak v. A.R. Antulay, (1984) 2 SCC 183 n 548R.S. Singh v. U.P. Malaria Nirikshak

Sangh, (2011) 4 SCC 281 n 298, 581R.V.E. Venkatachala Gounder v. Venkatesha

Gupta, (2002) 4 SCC 437 n 409R. Viswan v. Union of India,

(1983) 3 SCC 401 n 317Rabinarayan Mohapatra v. State of

Orissa, (1991) 2 SCC 599 n 341

Radhakanta Deb v. Commr. of Hindu Religious Endowments, (1981) 2 SCC 226 n 930

Radhakrishna Agarwal v. State of Bihar, (1977) 3 SCC 457 n 200, 789

Raghbir Singh Sehrawat v. State of Haryana, (2012) 1 SCC 792 n 13

Raghbir Singh v. State of Haryana, (1980) 3 SCC 70 n 572

Raghubir Singh v. State of U.P., (1972) 3 SCC 79 n 1130

Raghunandan Saran Ashok Saran v. Pearey Lal Workshop, (1986) 3 SCC 38 n 562

Raghunathrao Ganpatrao v. Union of India, 1994 Supp (1) SCC 191 n 448

Raghuvansh Dewanchand Bhasin v. State of Maharashtra, (2012) 9 SCC 791 n 732

Rahamatullah v. State of Bihar, (1981) 4 SCC 559 n 680

Rahim Khan v. Khurshid Ahmed, (1974) 2 SCC 660 n 212, 352, 353, 357, 358, 366, 368, 853

Raipur Development Authority v. Chokhamal Contractors, (1989) 2 SCC 721 n 65, 482

Rai Singh v. State of Haryana, (1972) 4 SCC 289 n 239, 1077

Raja Bahadur Motilal Bombay Mills v. Govind Ram Brothers, (1974) 2 SCC 178 n 64

Raja Khan v. U.P. Sunni Central Waqf Board, (2011) 2 SCC 741 n 5, 1168

Rajapalayam Mills Ltd. v. CIT, (1978) 4 SCC 322 n 519

Rajappa Hanamantha Ranoji v. Mahadev Channabasappa, (2000) 6 SCC 120 n 457

Raja Ram Pal v. Lok Sabha, (2007) 3 SCC 184 n 695Rajasthan SRTC v. Santosh, (2013) 7 SCC 94 n 709Rajbir Singh Dalal v. Chaudhari Devi Lal

University, (2008) 9 SCC 284 n 850Rajender Kumar Jain v. State, (1980) 3

SCC 435 n 18, 28, 245, 528, 1179Rajender Singh v. Santa Singh, (1973)

2 SCC 705 n 690, 736, 739Rajendra Prasad v. State of U.P., (1979) 3 SCC 646 n 246, 282, 283, 608, 726, 935, 990, 1042, 1047

Rajendra Roy v. Union of India, (1993) 1 SCC 148 n 372

Rajendra Singh Verma v. Lt. Governor (NCT of Delhi), (2011) 10 SCC 1 n 5, 136, 139, 216, 241, 489, 501, 524, 589, 603, 615

Rajesh Awasthi v. Nand Lal Jaiswal, (2013) 1 SCC 501 n 481, 1034

Rajesh D. Darbar v. Narasingrao Krishnaji Kulkarni, (2003) 7 SCC 219 n 231

Rajesh Kohli v. High Court of J&K, (2010) 12 SCC 783 n 626, 627

TABLE OF CASES n XCI

Rajesh Kumar Srivastava v. State of Jharkhand, (2011) 4 SCC 447 n 589

Rajeshwar Singh v. Subrata Roy Sahara, (2014) 14 SCC 257 n 568

Rajinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2015) 6 SCC 477 n 326

Rajinder v. State of Haryana, (1995) 5 SCC 187 n 873

Rajindra Singh v. Prem Mai, (2007) 11 SCC 37 n 1091

Rajiv Ranjan Singh ‘Lalan’ (8) v. Union of India, (2006) 6 SCC 613 n 284, 457, 910, 1025

Raj Kapoor v. Laxman, (1980) 2 SCC 175 n 104, 118, 468, 682, 1155

Raj Kapoor v. State, (1980) 1 SCC 43 n 29, 105, 119, 499, 563, 607

Rajkot Municipal Corpn. v. Manjulben Jayantilal Nakum, (1997) 9 SCC 552 n 780

Raj Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar, (1986) 4 SCC 407 n 863, 907

Raj Narain v. Indira Nehru Gandhi, (1972) 3 SCC 850 n 56, 110, 435

Rakesh Kumar Goel v. U.P. State Industrial Development Corpn. Ltd., (2010) 8 SCC 263 n 456

Ram & Shyam Co. v. State of Haryana, (1985) 3 SCC 267 n 1187

Rama Dayal Markarha v. State of M.P., (1978) 2 SCC 630 n 30, 185, 192, 432

Ramagya Prasad Gupta v. Murli Prasad, (1973) 2 SCC 9 n 572

Ramakrishna Hedge v. Election Commission of India, (1980) 3 SCC 286 n 93

Ramana Dayaram Shetty v. International Airport Authority, (1979) 3 SCC 489 n 487

Rama Rao v. Narayan, (1969) 1 SCC 167 n 804Ramashankar Kaushik v. Election Commission

of India, (1974) 1 SCC 271 n 73Ramashraya Chakravarti v. State of

M.P., (1976) 1 SCC 281 n 1044Ram Ashray Yadav, Chairman, Bihar Public Service

Commission, In re, (2000) 3 SCC 309 n 927Ram Autar Lal Jain v. Maya Kaur,

(1974) 2 SCC 227 n 491Ram Autar Shukla v. Arvind Shukla,

1995 Supp (2) SCC 130 n 656Ram Awadesh Singh v. Sumitra Devi,

(1972) 3 SCC 131 n 366, 367Ram Bali Rajbhar v. State of W.B.,

(1975) 4 SCC 47 n 865, 919Ram Bhagat Singh v. State of Haryana,

(1997) 11 SCC 417 n 373

Ram Chander v. State of Haryana, (1981) 3 SCC 191 n 593, 644, 1163

Ram Chander v. Union of India, (1986) 3 SCC 103 n 60

Ramchandra A. Kamat v. Union of India, (1980) 2 SCC 270 n 972

Ramchandra Ganpat Shinde v. State of Maharashtra, (1993) 4 SCC 216 n 655

Ram Chandra Mawa Lal v. State of U.P., 1984 Supp SCC 28 n 107, 108, 163

Ramchandra Shankar Deodhar v. State of Maharashtra, (1974) 1 SCC 317 n 388, 1055

Ram Chandra Singh v. Savitri Devi, (2003) 8 SCC 319 n 449

Ram Dass v. Ishwar Chander, (1988) 3 SCC 131 n 940

Ram Deo Chauhan v. Bani Kanta Das, (2010) 14 SCC 209: (2011) 3 SCC (Cri) 727 n 463, 515

Ramdeo Chauhan v. State of Assam, (2001) 5 SCC 714 n 25

Ramdev Food Products (P) Ltd. v. State of Gujarat, (2015) 6 SCC 439 n 1064

Ramesh Bejoy Sharma v. Pashupati Rai, (1979) 4 SCC 27 n 1149

Ramesh Chandra Kachardas Porwal v. State of Maharashtra, (1981) 2 SCC 722 n 511

Ramesh Chandra Misra v. Mahendra Tripathi, (1977) 1 SCC 25 n 1167

Ramesh Kumar v. Ram Kumar, (1984) 3 SCC 90 n 643

Ramesh Prasad Singh v. State of Bihar, (1978) 1 SCC 37 n 398

Ramesh Roy v. State of W.B., (1972) 3 SCC 829 n 808

Ramesh v. Union of India, (1988) 1 SCC 668 n 507, 1025

Rameshwari Lal Sanwarmal v. CIT, (1980) 2 SCC 371 n 1057

Rameshwar Prasad (VI) v. Union of India, (2006) 2 SCC 1 n 62, 66, 89, 298, 322, 354, 489, 520, 1013, 1127

Rameshwar Prasad Goyal, In re, (2014) 1 SCC 572 n 641, 881, 908

Rameshwar Singh v. State of Haryana, (2003) 8 SCC 396 n 438

Rameshwar v. Jot Ram, (1976) 1 SCC 194 n 964Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo v. Prabhakar

K. Kunte, (1996) 1 SCC 130 n 506Ram Jankijee Deities v. State of Bihar,

(1999) 5 SCC 50 n 478Ram Jethmalani v. Union of India, (2011) 8

SCC 1 n 162, 182, 184, 462, 463, 873

XCII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Ramji Dayawala v. Invest Import, (1981) 1 SCC 80 n 70

Ram Jivan v. Phoola, (1976) 1 SCC 852 n 853Ram Kishan Singh v. Harmit Kaur,

(1972) 3 SCC 280 n 501Ram Lakhan Singh v. State of U.P.,

(1977) 3 SCC 268 n 861Ramlila Maidan Incident, In re, (2012) 5 SCC 1 n 69, 297, 462, 873, 998, 1007, 1081, 1082

Ram Narain Gupta v. Rameshwari Gupta, (1988) 4 SCC 247 n 1025

Ram Narain v. State of Rajasthan, (1973) 3 SCC 805 n 412

Ram Narayan Popli v. CBI, (2003) 3 SCC 641 n 1189

Ramnaresh Pandey v. State of M.P., (1974) 3 SCC 380 n 251

Ram Niranjan Roy v. State of Bihar, (2014) 12 SCC 11 n 197

Ramon Services (P) Ltd. v. Subhash Kapoor, (2001) 1 SCC 118 n 44, 701, 1065, 1115

Rampakavi Rayappa Belagali v. B.D. Jatti, (1970) 3 SCC 147 n 366

Rampal Pithwa Rahidas v. State of Maharashtra, 1994 Supp (2) SCC 73 n 234

Ram Pershad v. CIT, (1972) 2 SCC 696 n 758Ram Pratap Sharma, In re, (1977) 1

SCC 150 n 192, 577, 596Ram Pyare Chaudhary v. State of U.P.,

(1982) 1 SCC 671 n 352Ramrameshwari Devi v. Nirmala Devi, (2011)

8 SCC 249 n 39, 219, 229, 453, 455, 823Ram Sarup Gupta v. Bishun Narain Inter

College, (1987) 2 SCC 555 n 547Ram Sharan Yadav v. Thakur Muneshwar

Nath Singh, (1984) 4 SCC 649 n 211Ram Singh v. State of Haryana,

(1971) 3 SCC 914 n 817Ram Singh v. Union of India, (2015)

4 SCC 697 n 79, 80, 1108Randhir Singh v. Union of India,

(1982) 1 SCC 618 n 396Rani v. Santa Bala Debnath, (1970)

3 SCC 722 n 700Ranjan Dwivedi v. CBI, (2012) 8

SCC 495 n 433, 703, 1091Ranjit Dam v. State of W.B.,

(1972) 2 SCC 516 n 974Ranjit Thakur v. Union of India,

(1987) 4 SCC 611 n 613Ranu Hazarika v. State of Assam,

(2011) 4 SCC 798 n 600

Rashmi Metaliks Ltd. v. Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, (2013) 10 SCC 95 n 700, 848, 849

Rathinam v. State of T.N., (2011) 11 SCC 140 n 478Ratnagiri Gas & Power (P) Ltd. v. RDS

Projects Ltd., (2013) 1 SCC 524 n 21Rattan Chand Hira Chand v. Askar Nawaz

Jung, (1991) 3 SCC 67 n 200, 235, 604Rattan Singh v. State of Punjab,

(1979) 4 SCC 719 n 1003Rattiram v. State of M.P., (2012) 4 SCC

516 n 433, 434, 642, 1179Raval & Co. v. K.G. Ramachandran,

(1974) 1 SCC 424 n 567Ravi Yashwant Bhoir v. Collector, (2012) 4

SCC 407 n 163, 297, 419, 750, 969Ravji v. State of Rajasthan, (1996) 2 SCC 175 n 934RBI v. Peerless General Finance & Investment

Co. Ltd., (1987) 1 SCC 424 n 547Registrar of Coop. Societies v. K. Kunjabmu,

(1980) 1 SCC 340 n 291, 292, 1104Reliance Industries Ltd. v. Designated

Authority, (2006) 10 SCC 368 n 59, 534Reliance Petrochemicals Ltd. v. Proprietors

of Indian Express Newspapers Bombay (P) Ltd., (1988) 4 SCC 592 n 997

Retti Deenabandhu v. State of A.P., (1977) 1 SCC 742 n 205

Rev. Stainislaus v. State of M.P., (1977) 1 SCC 677 n 141, 968

Revanasiddappa v. Mallikarjun, (2011) 11 SCC 1 n 398, 716

Rly. Board v. Niranjan Singh, (1969) 1 SCC 502 n 452

Rohini Prasad v. Kasturchand, (2000) 3 SCC 668 n 545

Rohit Singhal v. Principal, Jawahar N. Vidyalaya, (2003) 1 SCC 687 n 115, 338

Roshan Deen v. Preeti Lal, (2002) 1 SCC 100 n 500, 650

Roshan Lal Ahuja, In re, 1993 Supp (4) SCC 446 n 195, 196

Roshanlal Kuthalia v. R.B. Mohan Singh Oberoi, (1975) 4 SCC 628 n 687

Rosy Jacob v. Jacob A. Chakramakkal, (1973) 1 SCC 840 n 118

Royal Talkies v. ESI Corpn., (1978) 4 SCC 204 n 684

Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 141 n 133, 468

Ruli Ram v. State of Haryana, (2002) 7 SCC 691 n 844, 933

TABLE OF CASES n XCIII

Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra, (2002) 4 SCC 388 n 444, 629, 650, 672, 1013, 1124

Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P., 1986 (Supp) SCC 517 n 331, 379

Rustom Cavasjee Cooper v. Union of India, (1970) 1 SCC 248 n 14, 135, 479, 752

SS. Abdul Karim v. M.K. Prakash,

(1976) 1 SCC 975 n 189S. Anbalagan v. B. Devarajan,

(1984) 2 SCC 112 n 101S.B. Noronah v. Prem Kumari Khanna,

(1980) 1 SCC 52 n 237, 829, 971S.B. Patwardhan v. State of Maharashtra,

(1977) 3 SCC 399 n 1036S.D. Bandi v. Karnataka SRTC,

(2013) 12 SCC 631 n 1167S.D. Bandi v. Karnataka SRTC,

(2011) 15 SCC 746 n 488S.D. Joshi v. High Court of Bombay,

(2011) 1 SCC 252 n 22, 590, 1164S.K. Dasgupta v. Vijay Singh Sengar,

(2010) 12 SCC 305 n 910S.K.G. Sugar Ltd. v. State of Bihar,

(1974) 4 SCC 827 n 712S.K. Shukla v. State of U.P., (2006) 1 SCC 314 n 924S. Khushboo v. Kanniammal, (2010) 5

SCC 600 n 38, 777, 1082, 1083S. Kodar v. State of Kerala, (1974) 4 SCC 422 n 1138S.L. Goswami (Dr) v. State of M.P.,

(1972) 3 SCC 22 n 95S.M.D. Kiran Pasha v. Govt. of A.P.,

(1990) 1 SCC 328 n 676, 1001S. Mulgaokar, In re, (1978) 3 SCC 339 n 187,

188, 191, 197, 225, 408, 451, 528, 616, 623, 632, 764, 782, 830, 858, 995, 1087, 1165

S.N. Hussain v. State of A.P., (1972) 3 SCC 18 n 267S.N. Mukherjee v. Union of India,

(1990) 4 SCC 594 n 787S. Nagaraj v. State of Karnataka, 1993

Supp (4) SCC 595 n 235, 651S. Narayan Iyer v. Union of India,

(1976) 3 SCC 428 n 946S.P. Gupta v. Union of India, 1981 Supp SCC

87 n 28, 147, 161, 162, 166, 171, 237, 306, 424, 500, 527, 528, 530, 549, 550, 613, 623, 631, 681, 746, 907, 913, 969, 1018, 1054

S.P. Mittal v. Union of India, (1983) 1 SCC 51 n 440, 548, 680, 725, 726, 967, 1064

S.P. Sampath Kumar v. Union of India, (1987) 1 SCC 124 n 500, 630

S. Palani Velayutham v. Collector, (2009) 10 SCC 664 n 649

S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, (1994) 3 SCC 1 n 146, 150, 161, 179, 285, 516, 675, 966, 1027, 1030, 1031, 1062, 1191

S.R. Chaudhuri v. State of Punjab, (2001) 7 SCC 126 n 146, 183, 232, 299, 545, 619, 837

S.R. Ejaz v. T.N. Handloom Weavers’ Coop. Society Ltd., (2002) 3 SCC 137 n 66

S.R. Venkataraman v. Union of India, (1979) 2 SCC 491 n 750

S.R.Y. Sivaram Prasad Bahadur v. CIT, (1971) 3 SCC 726 n 135

S. Rajaseekaran v. Union of India, (2014) 6 SCC 36 n 511

S. Rangarajan v. P. Jagjivan Ram, (1989) 2 SCC 574 n 107, 301

S.S. Dhanoa v. MCD, (1981) 3 SCC 431 n 207S. Sethurathinam Pillai v. Barbara,

(1971) 3 SCC 923 n 1119S. Shanmugam Pillai v. K. Shanmugam

Pillai, (1973) 2 SCC 312 n 405S. Subramaniam Balaji v. State of T.N.,

(2013) 9 SCC 659 n 603, 744S.V. Kandeakar v. V.M. Deshpande,

(1972) 1 SCC 438 n 738Sable Waghire & Co. v. Union of India,

(1975) 1 SCC 763 n 688Sachidanand Pandey v. State of W.B.,

(1987) 2 SCC 295 n 331Sadhuram Bansal v. Pulin Behari Sarkar,

(1984) 3 SCC 410 n 1017Sadiq Bakery v. State of A.P., 1987

Supp SCC 440 n 1137Safiya v. Govt. of Kerala, (2003) 7 SCC 46 n 231Sahara India Real Estate Corpn. Ltd. v. SEBI,

(2013) 1 SCC 1 n 332, 670, 785, 1033Sahib Hussain v. State of Rajasthan,

(2013) 9 SCC 778 n 1046Sahodara Devi v. Govt. of India,

(1972) 3 SCC 156 n 559SAIL v. STO, (2008) 9 SCC 407 n 948Salkia Businessmen’s Assn. v. Howrah Municipal

Corpn., (2001) 6 SCC 688 n 232Samaj Parivartana Samudaya v. State of Karnataka,

(2013) 8 SCC 154 n 380, 419, 766Samaj Parivartana Samudaya v. State of

Karnataka, (2012) 7 SCC 407 n 263, 1007Samaresh Bose v. Amal Mitra,

(1985) 4 SCC 289 n 802

XCIV n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Samarias Trading Co. (P) Ltd. v. S. Samuel, (1984) 4 SCC 666 n 27

Samatha v. State of A.P., (1997) 8 SCC 191 n 1073Samsher Singh v. State of Punjab, (1974) 2

SCC 831 n 31, 159, 171, 178, 416, 490, 491, 558, 715, 814, 856, 867 1076

Sanath Kumar v. Tahsildar, (2011) 12 SCC 404 n 13Sanchit Bansal v. Joint Admission

Board, (2012) 1 SCC 157 n 69Sandhya Educational Society v. Union of

India, (2014) 7 SCC 701 n 588Sanjay Dutt v. CBI, (1994) 5 SCC 410 n 2, 94Sanjay Gandhi v. Union of India,

(1978) 2 SCC 39 n 1068Sanjay Kumar Jain v. State of Delhi,

(2011) 11 SCC 733 n 326Sanjay Suri v. Delhi Admn., 1988

Supp SCC 160 n 935Sanjiv Datta, Dy. Secy., Ministry of

Information & Broadcasting, In re, (1995) 3 SCC 619 n 113, 624, 702, 967, 1014

Sankar Mukherjee v. Union of India, 1990 Supp SCC 668 n 203

Sansar Chand v. State of Rajasthan, (2010) 10 SCC 604 n 330

Santa Singh v. State of Punjab, (1976) 4 SCC 190 n 198, 556, 687, 936, 1044

Sant Longowal Institute of Engg. & Technology v. Suresh Chandra Verma, (2013) 10 SCC 411 n 916, 1117

Santosh Devi v. National Insurance Co. Ltd., (2012) 6 SCC 421 n 637

Santosh Gupta v. State Bank of Patiala, (1980) 3 SCC 340 n 990

Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar v. State of Maharashtra, (2009) 6 SCC 498 n 183

Santosh Kumar Singh v. State, (2010) 9 SCC 747 n 809

Sant Ram v. Rajindra Lal, (1979) 2 SCC 274 n 683Sapmawia v. Dy. Commr., (1970) 2 SCC 399 n 495Sarah Mathew v. Institute of Cardio Vascular

Diseases, (2014) 2 SCC 62 n 699Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. Union

of India, (1974) 2 SCC 630 n 238, 751Sardar Amarjit Singh Kalra v. Pramod

Gupta, (2003) 3 SCC 272 n 878Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India, (1995) 3

SCC 635 n 530, 755, 966, 1171Saroj Rani v. Sudarshan Kumar Chadha,

(1984) 4 SCC 90 n 140Sarva Shramik Sangh v. Indian Hume Pipe

Co. Ltd., (1993) 2 SCC 386 n 596

Sarwan Singh v. Kasturi Lal, (1977) 1 SCC 750 n 555, 556

Sarwan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1978) 4 SCC 111 n 134

Satish Kumar Sharma v. Bar Council of H.P., (2001) 2 SCC 365 n 693

Sat Pal & Co. v. Lt. Governor of Delhi, (1979) 4 SCC 232 n 706, 1187

Sat Pal v. State of Punjab, (1982) 1 SCC 12 n 150Satto v. State of U.P., (1979) 2 SCC

628 n 518, 660, 877, 1042Satwara Chhagan Karsan v. State of

Gujarat, (1969) 3 SCC 203 n 413Satya Narain v. Dhuja Ram, (1974) 4 SCC 237 n 358Satya Narayan Tiwari v. State of U.P.,

(2010) 13 SCC 689 n 248Saurabh Chaudri v. Union of India,

(2004) 5 SCC 618 n 982Saurashtra Cement & Chemical Industries Ltd.

v. Union of India, (2001) 1 SCC 91 n 1097SBI v. Anju Jain, (2008) 8 SCC 475 n 133SEBI v. Sahara India Real Estate Corpn.

Ltd., (2014) 5 SCC 429 n 751Second Gift Tax Officer v. D.H. Nazareth,

(1970) 1 SCC 749 n 428Secretary, Govt. of Madras, Home Deptt. v. Zenith

Lamp & Electrical Ltd., (1973) 1 SCC 162 n 441Security & Finance (P) Ltd. v. Dattaraya

Ragav Agge, (1969) 1 SCC 181 n 429Sevaka Perumal v. State of T.N.,

(1991) 3 SCC 471 n 1040Shabnam Hashmi v. Union of India,

(2014) 4 SCC 1 n 460, 609, 1170Shah Babulal Khimji v. Jayaben D.

Kania, (1981) 4 SCC 8 n 60, 680Shahid Balwa v. Union of India, (2014)

2 SCC 687 n 137, 258, 569, 1131Shah Mathuradas Maganlal & Co. v. Nagappa

Shankarappa Malage, (1976) 3 SCC 660 n 840Shahzada Nand & Sons v. CIT, (1977)

3 SCC 432 n 130, 819Shaik Hanif v. State of W.B.,

(1974) 1 SCC 637 n 866Shaikh Salim Haji Abdul Khayumsab v.

Kumar, (2006) 1 SCC 46 n 649Shakila Abdul Gafar Khan v. Vasant Raghunath

Dhoble, (2003) 7 SCC 749 n 231, 649Shakuntala Bai v. Narayan Das,

(2004) 5 SCC 772 n 971Shakuntala Sawhney v. Kaushalya Sawhney,

(1980) 1 SCC 63 n 597, 682, 897Shalimar Gas v. India Oil Corpn. Ltd.,

(2010) 13 SCC 760 n 671

TABLE OF CASES n XCV

Shalini Shyam Shetty v. Rajendra Shankar Patil, (2010) 8 SCC 329 n 23

Shambhu Prasad Singh v. Phool Kumari, (1971) 2 SCC 28 n 40

Shambu Nath Goyal v. Bank of Baroda, (1978) 2 SCC 353 n 531

ShamimaFarooqui v. Shahid Khan, (2015) 5 SCC 705 n 118

Sham Lal, In re, (1978) 2 SCC 479 n 594Shankar Dass v. Union of India,

(1985) 2 SCC 358 n 642, 657Shankar Kisanrao Khade v. State of Maharashtra,

(2013) 5 SCC 546 n 278, 284, 1056Shankar v. State of T.N., (1994) 4

SCC 478 n 105, 106, 774Shanker Raju v. Union of India, (2011)

2 SCC 132 n 850, 1097Shanti Kumar R. Canji v. Home Insurance Co.

of New York, (1974) 2 SCC 387 n 1002Shanti Kumar v. Home Insurance Co. of

New York, (1974) 2 SCC 387 n 1000Shanti Lal Meena v. State (NCT of Delhi),

(2015) 6 SCC 185 n 226, 960Shantistar Builders v. Narayan Khimalal

Totame, (1990) 1 SCC 520 n 730Shanti Vijay & Co. v. Princess Fatima

Fouzia, (1979) 4 SCC 602 n 1165Shashi Aggarwal v. State of U.P.,

(1988) 1 SCC 436 n 959Shashi Bhushan v. Balraj Madhok, (1972)

4 SCC 594 n 33, 239, 890Shatrughan Chauhan v. Union of India, (2014) 3

SCC 1 n 278, 460, 461, 603, 763, 764, 808Sheela Barse v. Children’s Aid Society,

(1987) 3 SCC 50 n 117Sheela Barse v. State of Maharashtra,

(1983) 2 SCC 96 n 679, 697Sheela Barse v. Union of India, (1988)

4 SCC 226 n 26, 116, 623Sheonandan Paswan v. State of Bihar, (1987)

1 SCC 288 n 219, 263, 317, 424Sheo Nath Singh v. Appellate CIT,

(1972) 3 SCC 234 n 950Sher Singh v. State of Punjab, (1983)

2 SCC 344 n 12, 280Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee v.

Som Nath Dass, (2000) 4 SCC 146 n 438Shivajirao Nilangekar Patil v. Mahesh Madhav

Gosavi, (1987) 1 SCC 227 n 773, 917Shivaji Sahabrao Bobade v. State of Maharashtra,

(1973) 2 SCC 793 n 435, 862, 890Shiv Charan Singh v. Chandra Bhan

Singh, (1988) 2 SCC 12 n 1181

Shiv Kirpal Singh v. V.V. Giri, (1970) 2 SCC 567 n 1169

Shiv Kumar Sharma v. Haryana SEB, 1988 Supp SCC 669 n 63

Shiv Kumar Sharma v. Santosh Kumari, (2007) 8 SCC 600 n 635

Shiv Mohan Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1977) 2 SCC 238 n 97, 98, 99, 253, 574, 595, 647, 1047

Shivraj Fine Arts Litho Works v. State Industrial Court, (1978) 2 SCC 601 n 1183

Shivram A. Shiroor v. Radhabai Shantram Kowshik, (1984) 1 SCC 588 n 548

Shiv Sagar Tiwari v. Union of India, (1997) 1 SCC 444 n 5, 902

Shiv Shankar Dal Mills v. State of Haryana, (1980) 2 SCC 437 n 1067

Shobha Rani v. Madhukar Reddi, (1988) 1 SCC 105 n 267

Shree Gajanana Motor Transport Co. Ltd. v. State of Karnataka, (1977) 1 SCC 37 n 110

Shree Vijay Cotton and Oil Mills Ltd. v. State of Gujarat, (1991) 1 SCC 262 n 999

Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, (2015) 5 SCC 1 n 536, 668, 690, 921, 1079, 1080

Shri Chalthan Vibhag Khand Udyog Sahakari Mandli Ltd. v. G.S. Barot, (1979) 4 SCC 622 n 1183

Shri Chand v. State of U.P., (1985) 4 SCC 169 n 9Shri Krishna Singh v. Mathura Ahir,

(1981) 3 SCC 689 n 72Shrilekha Vidyarthi v. State of U.P., (1991)

1 SCC 212 n 68, 404, 918, 842, 1099Shri Morvi Sarvajanik Kelavni Mandal Sanchalit

MSKM BEd College v. National Council for Teachers’ Education, (2012) 2 SCC 16 n 939

Shri Navakesari Prakashan Ltd. v. ESI Corpn., (1984) 4 SCC 627 n 857

Shripad Gajanan Suthankar v. D.K. Suthankar, (1974) 2 SCC 156 n 505

Shri Prithvi Cotton Mills Ltd. v. Broach Borough Municipality, (1969) 2 SCC 283 n 714

Shri Sitaram Sugar Co. Ltd. v. Union of India, (1990) 3 SCC 223 n 806, 940

Shub Karan Bubna v. Sita Saran Bubna, (2009) 9 SCC 689 n 617

Shyamaraju Hegde v. U. Venkatesha Bhat, 1987 Supp SCC 321 n 852

Shyam Behari Lal v. Lala Jageshwar Prasad, (1970) 3 SCC 591 n 978

Shyam Narain Pandey v. State of U.P., (2014) 8 SCC 909 n 1134

Shyam Narain v. State (NCT of Delhi), (2013) 7 SCC 77 n 942, 1194, 1195

XCVI n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Shyam Sunder v. State of Rajasthan, (1974) 1 SCC 690 n 977

Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 1 SCC 694 n 72, 80, 463, 718, 728, 732, 795

Sidhharth Viyas v. Ravi Nath Misra, (2015) 2 SCC 701 n 970

Siemens Ltd. v. Siemens Employees Union, (2011) 9 SCC 775 n 662, 663, 1159

Sindhi Education Society v. Govt. (NCT of Delhi), (2010) 8 SCC 49 n 172, 947, 1029

Sirsi Municipality v. Cecelia Kom Francis Tellis, (1973) 1 SCC 409 n 240

Sital Prasad Saxena v. Union of India, (1985) 1 SCC 163 n 547

Sita Ram Bishambhar Dayal v. State of U.P., (1972) 4 SCC 485 n 128, 1139, 1140

Sk. Salim v. State of W.B., (1975) 1 SCC 653 n 557Society for Unaided Private Schools of

Rajasthan v. Union of India, (2012) 6 SCC 1 n 51, 175, 335, 344, 348, 349, 452, 461, 541, 811, 846, 956, 998, 1074, 1113

Sodan Singh v. New Delhi Municipal Committee, (1989) 4 SCC 155 n 720

Sohan Lal Naraindas v. Laxmidas Raghunath Gadit, (1971) 1 SCC 276 n 724

Somaiya Organics (India) Ltd. v. Board of Revenue, (1986) 1 SCC 351 n 198

Somnath Sahu v. State of Orissa, (1969) 3 SCC 384 n 503

Som Nath v. State of Haryana, (1980) 3 SCC 301 n 477

Som Prakash Rekhi v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 449 n 1187

Som Prakash v. State of Delhi, (1974) 4 SCC 84 n 93, 1190

Sonia Bhatia v. State of U.P., (1981) 2 SCC 585 n 478

South-Eastern Coalfields Ltd. v. Prem Kumar Sharma, (2007) 14 SCC 508 n 404

South Central Rly. v. A.V.R. Siddhantti, (1974) 4 SCC 335 n 163, 953

Southern Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals v. State of Kerala, (1981) 4 SCC 391 n 440

Special Courts Bill, 1978, In re, (1979) 1 SCC 380 n 251

Special Reference No. 1 of 2002, In re, (Gujarat Assembly Election matter), (2002) 8 SCC 237 n 298, 327, 364

Spences Hotel (P) Ltd. v. State of W.B., (1991) 2 SCC 154 n 1137

Sreenivasa General Traders v. State of A.P., (1983) 4 SCC 353 n 999

Sri Bhavanarayanaswamivari Temple v. Vadapalli Venkata Bhavanarayanacharyulu, (1970) 1 SCC 673 n 978

Sri Gangai Vinayagar Temple v. Meenakshi Ammal, (2015) 3 SCC 624 n 877

Sri Krishan Das v. Town Area Committee, (1990) 3 SCC 645 n 1137

Sri Krishna Khanna v. ADM, (1975) 2 SCC 361 n 700

Sri Radhakanta Deb v. Commr. of Hindu Religious Endowments, (1981) 2 SCC 226 n 517

Sri Sri Kalimata Thakurani v. Union of India, (1981) 2 SCC 283 n 169

Sri Srinivasa Theatre v. Govt. of T.N., (1992) 2 SCC 643 n 1143

St. John’s Teachers Training Institute v. State of T.N., (1993) 3 SCC 595 n 340, 1176

St. Stephen’s College v. University of Delhi, (1992) 1 SCC 558 n 767, 1031

Standard Chartered Bank v. Dharminder Bhohi, (2013) 15 SCC 341 n 4

Star Enterprises v. City and Development Corpn. of Maharashtra Ltd., (1990) 3 SCC 280 n 612

State (Delhi Admn.) v. Laxman Kumar, (1985) 4 SCC 476 n 755

State (NCT of Delhi) v. Navjot Sandhu, (2005) 11 SCC 600 n 125, 247, 1152

State, Govt. of NCT of Delhi v. Sunil, (2001) 1 SCC 652 n 832

State Bank of India v. Mohd. Mynuddin, (1987) 4 SCC 486 n 887

State Bank of Patiala v. S.K. Sharma, (1996) 3 SCC 364 n 656

State of A.P. v. Balajangam Subbarajamma, (1989) 1 SCC 193 n 720

State of A.P. v. Bodem Sundara Rao, (1995) 6 SCC 230 n 249

State of A.P. v. I.B.S. Prasada Rao, (1969) 3 SCC 896 n 1131

State of A.P. v. P.V. Pavithran, (1990) 2 SCC 340 n 571

State of A.P. v. Polamala Raju, (2000) 6 SCC 75 n 1040

State of Assam v. P.C. Mishra, 1995 Supp (4) SCC 139 n 905

State of Assam v. S.N. Sen, (1971) 2 SCC 889 n 64, 888

State of Bihar v. Bhagirath Sharma, (1973) 2 SCC 257 n 438

State of Bihar v. J.A.C. Saldanha, (1980) 1 SCC 554 n 1132

State of Bihar v. Kamla Kant Misra, (1969) 3 SCC 337 n 957

TABLE OF CASES n XCVII

State of Bihar v. Kamlesh Jain, 1993 Supp (2) SCC 300 n 607

State of Bihar v. Kripalu Shankar, (1987) 3 SCC 34 n 799

State of Bihar v. Murad Ali Khan, (1988) 4 SCC 655 n 379

State of Bihar v. P.P. Sharma, 1992 Supp (1) SCC 222 n 34, 260, 570

State of Bihar v. Radha Krishna Singh, (1983) 3 SCC 118 n 512

State of Gujarat v. Anirudhsing, (1997) 6 SCC 514 n 121

State of Gujarat v. Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat, (1998) 7 SCC 392 n 655, 760, 1178

State of Gujarat v. R.A. Mehta, (2013) 3 SCC 1 n 112, 214, 480, 747, 748

State of Gujarat v. Shri Ambica Mills Ltd., (1974) 4 SCC 656 n 127, 470, 689, 1105

State of Gujarat v. Vaghela Dayabhai Chaturbhai, (1980) 3 SCC 318 n 90

State of H.P. v. H.P. State Recognised & Aided Schools Managing Committees, (1995) 4 SCC 507 n 339

State of H.P. v. Lekh Raj, (2000) 1 SCC 247 n 414State of H.P. v. Umed Ram Sharma,

(1986) 2 SCC 68 n 603State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal, 1992

Supp (1) SCC 335 n 218, 1123State of Haryana v. Chanan Mal,

(1977) 1 SCC 340 n 556, 1111State of Haryana v. Darshana Devi,

(1979) 2 SCC 236 n 1018, 1093State of Haryana v. Haryana Coop. Transport

Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 271 n 590State of Haryana v. Inder Prakash

Anand, (1976) 2 SCC 977 n 316State of Haryana v. Jagdish, (2010) 4 SCC 216 n 719State of Haryana v. Mukesh Kumar, (2011)

10 SCC 404 n 39, 831, 833, 893State of Haryana v. Rattan Singh,

(1977) 2 SCC 491 n 410, 790State of Haryana v. S.J. Bahadur,

(1972) 2 SCC 188 n 56State of J&K v. Triloki Nath Khosa, (1974) 1

SCC 19 n 128, 319, 396, 400, 481, 654State of Jharkhand v. Harihar Yadav, (2014)

2 SCC 114 n 177, 480, 774, 1107State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale, 1995

Supp (4) SCC 469 n 300, 583, 585, 620State of Karnataka v. Janthakal Enterprises,

(2011) 6 SCC 695 n 229, 1091, 1199State of Karnataka v. K. Govindappa,

(2009) 1 SCC 1 n 980

State of Karnataka v. Krishnappa, (2000) 4 SCC 75 n 583, 944

State of Karnataka v. L. Muniswam, (1977) 2 SCC 699 n 646

State of Karnataka v. M. Farida, (1976) 4 SCC 153 n 827

State of Karnataka v. Puttaraja, (2004) 1 SCC 475 n 230, 649

State of Karnataka v. Shri Ranganatha Reddy, (1977) 4 SCC 471 n 147, 554, 595, 624, 632, 634, 706, 782, 925, 926, 1070

State of Karnataka v. Umadevi (3), (2006) 4 SCC 1 n 421, 649, 901, 1126

State of Karnataka v. Union of India, (1977) 4 SCC 608 n 130, 131, 154, 166, 168, 180, 479, 518, 553, 707, 722, 766, 999, 1000, 1100, 1104, 1172

State of Karnataka v. Y. Moideen Kunhi, (2009) 13 SCC 192 n 736

State of Kerala v. K.T. Shaduli Grocery Dealer, (1977) 2 SCC 777 n 266, 790

State of Kerala v. Kurian Abraham (P) Ltd., (2008) 3 SCC 582 n 1141

State of Kerala v. M.K. Krishnan Nair, (1978) 1 SCC 552 n 928

State of Kerala v. N.M. Thomas, (1976) 2 SCC 310 n 147, 387, 396, 398, 399, 402, 557, 898, 952, 1063

State of Kerala v. Parent Teacher Assn. SNVUP School, (2013) 2 SCC 705 n 1145

State of Kerala v. T.P. Roshana, (1979) 1 SCC 572 n 1199

State of Kerela v. T.M. Peter, (1980) 3 SCC 554 n 681

State of M.P. v. Bablu, (2014) 9 SCC 281 n 252, 1038

State of M.P. v. Babulal, (2008) 1 SCC 234 n 248State of M.P. v. Babu Lal, (1977) 2 SCC 435 n 109State of M.P. v. Bala, (2005) 8 SCC 1:

2005 SCC (Cri) 1947 n 932, 944State of M.P. v. Bhooraji, (2001) 7 SCC 679 n 672State of M.P. v. Chhotabhai Jethabhai Patel

& Co., (1972) 1 SCC 209 n 771State of M.P. v. Dadabhoy’s New

Chirimiri Ponri Hill Colliery Co. (P) Ltd., (1972) 1 SCC 298 n 559

State of M.P. v. Ghanshyam Singh, (2003) 8 SCC 13 n 1033, 1040, 1048

State of M.P. v. Munna Choubey, (2005) 2 SCC 710 n 944

State of M.P. v. Nandlal Jaiswal, (1986) 4 SCC 566 n 285

State of M.P. v. Orient Paper Mills Ltd., (1977) 2 SCC 77 n 609, 892

XCVIII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

State of M.P. v. Pradeep Kumar, (2000) 7 SCC 372 n 233

State of M.P. v. Ramashanker Raghuvanshi, (1983) 2 SCC 145 n 838

State of M.P. v. Ram Singh, (2000) 5 SCC 88 n 218State of M.P. v. S.S. Akolkar,

(1996) 2 SCC 568 n 927State of M.P. v. Shri Ram Ragubir Prasad

Agarwal, (1979) 4 SCC 686 n 604, 683, 1135State of M.P. v. Shyamsunder Trivedi,

(1995) 4 SCC 262 n 270State of M.P. v. Surendra Singh, (2015)

1 SCC 222 n 1037, 1045State of Maharashtra v. ARK Builders

(P) Ltd., (2011) 4 SCC 616 n 542State of Maharashtra v. Balakrishna Dattatrya

Kumbhar, (2012) 12 SCC 384 n 215State of Maharashtra v. Bharat Chaganlal

Raghani, (2001) 9 SCC 1 n 246State of Maharashtra v. Bhaurao Punjabrao

Gawande, (2008) 3 SCC 613 n 465State of Maharashtra v. Central Provinces Manganese

Ore Co. Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 643 n 1118State of Maharashtra v. Champalal Punjaji

Shah, (1981) 3 SCC 610 n 261, 289State of Maharashtra v. Chandrabhan Tale,

(1983) 3 SCC 387 n 350, 896, 902State of Maharashtra v. Chandraprakash

Kewalchand Jain, (1990) 1 SCC 550 n 77, 1192State of Maharashtra v. Dadamiya Babumiya

Sheikh, (1972) 3 SCC 85 n 1130, 1132State of Maharashtra v. Dr Budhikota

Subbarao, (1993) 2 SCC 71 n 1109State of Maharashtra v. Goraksha Ambaji

Adsul, (2011) 7 SCC 437 n 279State of Maharashtra v. Indian Hotel &

Restaurants Assn., (2013) 8 SCC 519 n 277, 383, 598, 669, 728, 861, 899, 951, 1194

State of Maharashtra v. Mahadeo Deoman Rai, (1990) 3 SCC 579 n 796

State of Maharashtra v. Mahesh G. Jain, (2013) 8 SCC 119 n 214

State of Maharashtra v. Mangilal, (2009) 15 SCC 418 n 648

State of Maharashtra v. Manubhai Pragaji Vashi, (1995) 5 SCC 730 n 339

State of Maharashtra v. Mohd. Yakub, (1980) 3 SCC 57 n 252, 1059

State of Maharashtra v. Narayan Rao, (1985) 2 SCC 321 n 504

State of Maharashtra v. Nasimkhan Ahmad Khan Mali Khan, (1970) 2 SCC 454 n 1069

State of Maharashtra v. Prabhu, (1994) 2 SCC 481 n 500

State of Maharashtra v. Salvation Army, (1975) 1 SCC 509 n 1138

State of Maharashtra v. Sarangdharsingh Shivdassingh Chavan, (2011) 1 SCC 577 n 114, 394, 438, 439, 458, 581, 777, 918, 1010

State of Maharashtra v. Super Max International (P) Ltd., (2009) 9 SCC 772 n 671

State of Maharashtra v. V.T. Umale, (1979) 4 SCC 23 n 1154

State of Maharashtra v. Vikas Sahebrao Roundale, (1992) 4 SCC 435 n 1145

State of Mysore v. C.R. Sheshadri, (1974) 4 SCC 308 n 602

State of Mysore v. Fakkrusab Babusab Karanandi, (1977) 1 SCC 666 n 556

State of Mysore v. R.V. Bidap, (1974) 3 SCC 337 n 558

State of Orissa v. Harinarayan Jaiswal, (1972) 2 SCC 36 n 485, 1158

State of Orissa v. Mamata Mohanty, (2011) 3 SCC 436 n 336, 1010

State of Orissa v. Orient Paper & Industries Ltd., (1999) 3 SCC 566 n 743

State of Punjab v. Ajaib Singh, (1995) 2 SCC 486 n 249, 1092, 1154

State of Punjab v. Amar Singh, (1974) 2 SCC 70 n 417, 1054

State of Punjab v. Associated Hotels of India Ltd., (1972) 1 SCC 472 n 1024

State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh, (1999) 6 SCC 172 n 327, 606, 760, 933, 934

State of Punjab v. Bhag Singh, (2004) 1 SCC 547 n 949

State of Punjab v. Bhajan Singh, (2001) 3 SCC 565 n 364

State of Punjab v. Devans Modern Breweries Ltd., (2004) 11 SCC 26 n 543, 544, 1013, 1073

State of Punjab v. Dewan Chuni Lal, (1970) 1 SCC 479 n 955

State of Punjab v. Geeta Iron & Brass Works Ltd., (1978) 1 SCC 68 n 70

State of Punjab v. Gurdial Singh, (1980) 2 SCC 471 n 129, 425, 457, 699

State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 384 n 208

State of Punjab v. Karnail Singh, (2003) 11 SCC 271 n 89, 672, 954

State of Punjab v. Khan Chand, (1974) 1 SCC 549 n 51, 318, 388, 428, 903, 1199

State of Punjab v. Prem Sukhida, (1977) 2 SCC 774 n 565

TABLE OF CASES n XCIX

State of Punjab v. Rafiq Masih, (2015) 4 SCC 334 n 406, 1108

State of Punjab v. Raja Ram, (1981) 2 SCC 66 n 207, 485

State of Punjab v. Saurabh Bakshi, (2015) 5 SCC 182 n 640, 692, 725, 945, 946

State of Punjab v. Shamlal Murari, (1976) 1 SCC 719 n 879

State of Punjab v. Shiv Ram, (2005) 7 SCC 1 n 762State of Rajasthan v. Dr Ashok Kumar

Gupta, (1989) 1 SCC 93 n 395State of Rajasthan v. Kheraj Ram,

(2003) 8 SCC 224 n 512, 1040State of Rajasthan v. Mohan Lal Vyas,

(1971) 3 SCC 705 n 776State of Rajasthan v. Shambhu Kewat,

(2014) 4 SCC 149 n 257, 262State of Rajasthan v. Shamsher Singh,

1985 Supp SCC 416 n 823State of Rajasthan v. Surendra Mohnot,

(2014) 14 SCC 77 n 42State of Rajasthan v. Union of India, (1977) 3

SCC 592 n 7, 82, 113, 147, 152, 174, 225, 303, 304, 322, 440, 483, 485, 702, 844, 1107, 1188

State of T.N. v. Adhiyaman Educational & Research Institute, (1995) 4 SCC 104 n 339

State of T.N. v. K. Shyam Sunder, (2011) 8 SCC 737 n 335, 343, 345, 392, 1009, 1101

State of T.N. v. Kodaikanal Motor Union (P) Ltd., (1986) 3 SCC 91 n 547, 630

State of T.N. v. Sitolakshmi Mills, (1974) 4 SCC 408 n 1142

State of T.N. v. State of Kerala, (2014) 12 SCC 696 n 172, 1049

State of U.P. v. Anil Singh, 1988 Supp SCC 686 n 576

State of U.P. v. Batuk Deo Pati Tripathi, (1978) 2 SCC 102 n 34, 594, 855

State of U.P. v. Chhotey Lal, (2011) 2 SCC 550 n 259, 944, 1091, 1153

State of U.P. v. Dr Anupam Gupta, 1993 Supp (1) SCC 594 n 37

State of U.P. v. Hari Shankar Tewari, (1987) 2 SCC 490 n 921

State of U.P. v. Hindustan Aluminium Corpn., (1979) 3 SCC 229 n 80, 712, 1117

State of U.P. v. J.P. Chaurasia, (1989) 1 SCC 121 n 1099

State of U.P. v. Jageshwar, (1983) 2 SCC 305 n 93State of U.P. v. Jai Bir Singh, (2005) 5 SCC 1 n 671State of U.P. v. Jeet S. Bisht, (2007) 6 SCC

586 n 779, 843, 1052, 1053, 1124, 1125

State of U.P. v. Kapil Deo Shukla, (1972) 3 SCC 504 n 202

State of U.P. v. Kores (India) Ltd., (1976) 4 SCC 477 n 566

State of U.P. v. Krishna Gopal, (1988) 4 SCC 302 n 678

State of U.P. v. Lalai Singh Yadav, (1976) 4 SCC 213 n 451, 1032, 1088

State of U.P. v. Maharaja Dharmander Singh, (1989) 2 SCC 509 n 840

State of U.P. v. Munesh, (2012) 9 SCC 742 n 248State of U.P. v. Naushad, (2013) 16 SCC 651 n 1056State of U.P. v. Nawab Hussian,

(1977) 2 SCC 806 n 408State of U.P. v. Pawan Kumar Divedi,

(2014) 9 SCC 692 n 344, 1106State of U.P. v. Pradhan Sangh Kshettra

Samiti, 1995 Supp (2) SCC 305 n 311State of U.P. v. Pradip Tandon, (1975)

1 SCC 267 n 125, 127State of U.P. v. Ram Sajivan,

(2010) 1 SCC 529 n 100State of U.P. v. Ram Swarup, (1974)

4 SCC 764 n 60, 246, 874State of U.P. v. Satish, (2005) 3 SCC 114:

2005 SCC (Cri) 642 n 770, 944State of U.P. v. Sayed Abdul Jalil,

(1973) 2 SCC 26 n 897State of U.P. v. Shambhu Nath Singh,

(2001) 4 SCC 667 n 16, 630State of U.P. v. Shyam Lal Sharma,

(1971) 2 SCC 514 n 136State of U.P. v. U.P. State Law Officers

Assn., (1994) 2 SCC 204 n 63, 905State of Uttaranchal v. Shiv Charan Singh

Bhandari, (2013) 12 SCC 179 n 383, 735State of Uttaranchal v. Sunil Kumar Vaish,

(2011) 8 SCC 670 n 580, 599State of W.B. v. Atul Krishna Shaw,

1991 Supp (1) SCC 414 n 26State of W.B. v. Committee for Protection of

Democratic Rights, (2010) 3 SCC 571 n 145, 150, 183, 242, 464, 514, 611, 733, 1120, 1131

State of W.B. v. Jugal Kishore More, (1969) 1 SCC 440 n 431

State of W.B. v. Mir Mohammad Omar, (2000) 8 SCC 382 n 569

Statesman Ltd. v. Workmen, (1976) 2 SCC 223 n 138, 534

State v. K.V. Rajendran, (2008) 8 SCC 673 n 844State v. Nalini, (1999) 5 SCC 253 n 279Sterling Computers Ltd. v. M & N Publications

Ltd., (1993) 1 SCC 445 n 199, 202, 285, 905

C n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd. v. Union of India, (2013) 4 SCC 575 n 904

STO v. Ajit Mills Ltd., (1977) 4 SCC 98 n 7, 130, 176, 238, 553, 684, 1174, 1188

STO v. B.C. Kame, Proprietor Kame Photo Studio, (1977) 1 SCC 634 n 204

Straw Board Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. Workmen, (1977) 2 SCC 329 n 491, 590, 599, 685, 694, 743, 1068, 1077

Sub-Committee on Judicial Accountability v. Union of India, (1991) 4 SCC 699 n 167

Sub-Divisional Officer v. Shambhoo Narain Singh, (1969) 1 SCC 825 n 845

Sub-Inspector Rooplal v. Lt. Governor, (2000) 1 SCC 644 n 851

Subal Ghorai v. State of W.B., (2013) 4 SCC 607 n 1056

Subhash Chander v. State (Chandigarh Admn.), (1980) 2 SCC 155 n 19, 29, 645, 925, 930

Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, (1991) 1 SCC 598 n 912

Subhash Sharma v. Union of India, 1991 Supp (1) SCC 574 n 622, 704

Subramanian Swamy v. Arun Shourie, (2014) 12 SCC 344 n 241

Subramanian Swamy v. CBI, (2014) 8 SCC 682 n 126, 213, 214, 257, 383, 810, 916, 1005, 1006, 1177

Subramanian Swamy v. Manmohan Singh, (2012) 3 SCC 64 n 122, 215

Subrata Roy Sahara v. Union of India, (2014) 8 SCC 470 n 8, 9, 21, 71, 192, 209, 243, 315, 322, 443, 454, 567, 579, 591, 610, 801, 960, 1128

Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Admn., (2009) 9 SCC 1 n 855, 975

Sudha v. Chennai Advocate Assn., (2010) 14 SCC 114 n 44, 701, 882

Sudhir Kumar Saha v. Commr. of Police, (1970) 1 SCC 149 n 452

Sudhir Kumar v. Baldev Krishna Thapar, (1969) 3 SCC 611 n 695

Sukhdev Singh v. Bhagatram, (1975) 1 SCC 421 n 203, 426, 688, 706, 1100

Suman Gupta v. State of J&K, (1983) 4 SCC 339 n 1017

Sumedha Nagpal v. State of Delhi, (2000) 9 SCC 745 n 115

Sumer Singh v. Surajbhan Singh, (2014) 7 SCC 323 n 227

Sumtibai v. Paras Finance Co., (2007) 10 SCC 82 n 123

Suna Ullah Butt v. State of J&K, (1973) 3 SCC 60 n 867

Sundarjas Kanyalal Bhatija v. Collector, Thane, (1989) 3 SCC 396 n 613, 677

Sunder Dass v. Ram Prakash, (1977) 2 SCC 662 n 992

Sunil Batra (II) v. Delhi Admn., (1980) 3 SCC 488 n 244, 271, 272, 511, 572, 587, 645, 681, 682, 871, 872, 1046

Sunil Batra v. Delhi Admn., (1978) 4 SCC 494 n 6, 173, 272, 451, 484, 515, 551, 609, 632, 683, 684, 746, 869, 870, 914, 1075

Sunil Damodar Gaikwad v. State of Maharashtra, (2014) 1 SCC 129 n 606

Sunil Dutt Sharma v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi) (2014) 4 SCC 375 n 735, 1046

Sunil Kumar Pal v. Phota Sk., (1984) 4 SCC 533 n 27

Sunil Kumar v. Ram Parkash, (1988) 2 SCC 77 n 504

Supdt. & Remembrancer of Legal Affairs v. S.K. Roy, (1974) 4 SCC 230 n 254

Supdt. & Remembrancer of Legal Affairs v. Abani Maity, (1979) 4 SCC 85 n 551, 563

Superintendence Co. of India v. Krishan Murgai, (1981) 2 SCC 246 n 203, 549

Superstar Education Society v. State of Maharashtra, (2008) 3 SCC 315 n 338, 1102

Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Assn. v. Union of India, (1993) 4 SCC 441 n 26, 146, 526, 578, 616, 621, 654, 1121

Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee v. Union of India, (1989) 2 SCC 325 n 116

Supreme Court of India v. Subhash Chandra Agrawal, (2011) 1 SCC 496 n 172, 542, 996

Supt. (Tech I) Central Excise v. Pratap Rai, (1978) 3 SCC 113 n 855, 1116

Supt. of Post Offices v. P.K. Rajamma, (1977) 3 SCC 94 n 49, 841

Suraj Pal Sahu v. State of Maharashtra, (1986) 4 SCC 378 n 749

Suraj Prakash Bhasin v. Raj Rani Bhasin, (1981) 3 SCC 652 n 51

Surendra Pal v. Saraswati Arora, (1974) 2 SCC 600 n 1191

Suresh Chandra Bahri v. State of Bihar, 1995 Supp (1) SCC 80 n 1049

Suresh Chandra Nanhorya v. Rajendra Rajak, (2006) 7 SCC 800 n 785

Suresh Gupta (Dr) v. Govt. (NCT of Delhi), (2004) 6 SCC 422 n 761

Suresh v. State of Haryana, (2015) 2 SCC 227 n 226Surinder Singh Brar v. Union of India,

(2013) 1 SCC 403 n 481

TABLE OF CASES n CI

Surinder Singh v. Hardial Singh, (1985) 1 SCC 91 n 211, 574

Surinder Singh v. State of Haryana, (2014) 4 SCC 129 n 267, 497, 1192

Surjit Lal Chhabda v. CIT, (1976) 3 SCC 142 n 504, 572, 573

Surya Baksh Singh v. State of U.P., (2014) 14 SCC 222 n 579, 640

Surya Vadanan v. State of T.N., (2015) 5 SCC 450 n 539

Sushila Devi v. Pandit Krishna Kumar Missir, (1971) 3 SCC 146 n 891

Sushil Kumar Sen v. State of Bihar, (1975) 1 SCC 774 n 647, 688

Sushil Murmu v. State of Jharkhand, (2004) 2 SCC 338 n 1121

Sushma Gosain v. Union of India, (1989) 4 SCC 468 n 63

Sushmita Basu v. Ballygunge Siksha Samity, (2006) 7 SCC 680 n 1145

Swadeshi Cotton Mills v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 664 n 75, 788, 789

Swamy Shraddananda (2) v. State of Karnataka, (2008) 13 SCC 767 n 96

Swarajya Lakshmi v. G.G. Padma, (1974) 1 SCC 58 n 756

Swaran Lata Ghosh v. H.K. Banerjee, (1969) 1 SCC 709 n 125

Swaran Lata v. Union of India, (1979) 3 SCC 165 n 703

Swaran Singh v. State of Punjab, (2000) 5 SCC 668 n 16, 84, 233, 260

Swastik Gases (P) Ltd. v. Indian Oil Corpn. Ltd., (2013) 9 SCC 32 n 849

Syad Akbar v. State of Karnataka, (1980) 1 SCC 30 n 976

Syed Mohd. Salie Labbai v. Mohd. Hanifa, (1976) 4 SCC 780 n 781, 1185

Syed Shah Ghulam Ghouse Mohiuddin v. Syed Shah Ahmed Mohiuddin Kamisul Quadri, (1971) 1 SCC 597 n 816, 841

Synthetics & Chemicals Ltd. v. State of U.P., (1990) 1 SCC 109 n 759

TT.A. Quereshi (Dr) v. CIT, (2007) 2 SCC 759 n 777T. Anjanappa v. Somalingappa,

(2006) 7 SCC 570 n 40T. Arivandandam v. T.V. Satyapal, (1977)

4 SCC 467 n 47, 458, 509, 587, 743

T.C. Mathai v. District & Sessions Judge, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, (1999) 3 SCC 614 n 741

T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 8 SCC 481 n 145, 393, 544

T.N. Cauvery Neerppasana Vilaiporulgal Vivasayigal Nala Urimai Padhugappa Sangam v. Union of India, (1990) 3 SCC 440 n 321

T.N. Education Deptt. Ministerial & General Subordinate Services Assn. v. State of T.N., (1980) 3 SCC 97 n 341, 645, 1066

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India, (2012) 3 SCC 277 n 330

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad (102) v. Ashok Khot, (2006) 5 SCC 1 n 1013, 1122

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad (87) v. Union of India, (2006) 1 SCC 1 n 332, 378, 1135

T.N. Seshan v. Union of India, (1995) 4 SCC 611 n 537

T.V. Choudhary, In re, (1987) 3 SCC 258 n 84T.V. Vatheeswaran v. State of T.N., (1983)

2 SCC 68 n 733, 1041, 1092Takhaji Hiraji v. Thakore Kubersing

Chamansing, (2001) 6 SCC 145 n 89Talib Hussain v. State of J&K, (1971)

3 SCC 118 n 495, 1034Tarak Singh v. Jyoti Basu, (2005) 1 SCC 201 n 629Tarlochan Dev Sharma v. State of Punjab,

(2001) 6 SCC 260 n 5, 488Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co. Ltd. v.

State of Bihar, (2000) 5 SCC 346 n 561Tata Press Ltd. v. MTNL, (1995)

5 SCC 139 n 41, 1084Thakur Bhim Singh v. Thakur Kan

Singh, (1980) 3 SCC 72 n 89Thakur Das v. State of M.P., (1978) 1 SCC 27 n 529Thampanoor Ravi v. Charupara Ravi,

(1999) 8 SCC 74 n 709The Special Courts Bill, 1978, In re,

(1979) 1 SCC 380 n 1190Thiagarajan v. Venugopalaswamy B.

Koil, (2004) 5 SCC 762 n 230Thote Bhaskara Rao v. A.P. Public Service

Commission, 1987 Supp SCC 587 n 319Thressiamma Jacob v. Deptt. of Mining &

Geology, (2013) 9 SCC 725 n 765, 807Thrity Hoshie Dolikuka v. Hoshiam Shavaksha

Dolikuka, (1982) 2 SCC 544 n 115Thulia Kali v. State of T.N., (1972) 3 SCC 393 n 445Tilokchand Motichand v. H.B. Munshi, (1969)

1 SCC 110 n 473, 690, 736, 1021, 1131Timblo Irmaos Ltd. v. Jorge Anibal Matos

Sequeira, (1977) 3 SCC 474 n 845

CII n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Tinsukhia Electric Supply Co. v. State of Assam, (1989) 3 SCC 709 n 895

Tirupati Balaji Developers (P) Ltd. v. State of Bihar, (2004) 5 SCC 1 n 24, 129

Transport & Dock Workers Union v. Mumbai Port Trust, (2011) 2 SCC 575 n 17, 389, 606, 671

Triveniben v. State of Gujarat, (1989) 1 SCC 678 n 279

Trustees of Port of Bombay v. Premier Automobiles Ltd., (1974) 4 SCC 710 n 689, 738, 961

Tukaram Kana Joshi v. MIDC, (2013) 1 SCC 353 n 383, 893

UU.P. Financial Coprn. v. Gem Cap (India)

(P) Ltd., (1993) 2 SCC 299 n 436U.P. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan v. State

of U.P., (2014) 9 SCC 716 n 691U.P. Pollution Control Board v. Dr Bhupendra

Kumar Modi, (2009) 2 SCC 147 n 377U.P. Power Corpn. Ltd. v. Rajesh Kumar,

(2012) 7 SCC 1 n 600, 979U.P. Power Corpn. Ltd. v. Sant Steels & Alloys

(P) Ltd., (2008) 2 SCC 777 n 1103U.P. Sales Tax Service Assn. v. Taxation Bar

Assn., (1995) 5 SCC 716 n 45, 234U.P. SEB v. Hari Shankar Jain,

(1978) 4 SCC 16 n 351U.P. SRTC v. Mohd. Ismail, (1991) 3 SCC 239 n 928U.P. State Agro Industrial Corpn. Ltd. v. Kisan

Upbhokta Parishad, (2007) 13 SCC 246 n 542U.P. State Brassware Corpn. Ltd. v. Uday Narain

Pandey, (2006) 1 SCC 479 n 78, 532U.P. State Electricity Board v. Hari Shankar

Jain, (1978) 4 SCC 16 n 314U.P. State Sugar Corpn. Ltd. v. Karamchari

Assn., (1995) 4 SCC 276 n 123Udaipal Singh v. State of U.P.,

(1972) 4 SCC 142 n 120Udayan Chinubhai v. R.C. Bali,

(1977) 4 SCC 309 n 565Udho Dass v. State of Haryana,

(2010) 12 SCC 51 n 665Uma Devi Nambiar v. T.C. Sidhan,

(2004) 2 SCC 321 n 492Umaji Keshao Meshram v. Radhikabai,

1986 (Supp) SCC 401 n 520Ummu Sabeena v. State of Kerala,

(2011) 10 SCC 781 n 493

Unichem Laboratories Ltd. v. Workmen, (1972) 3 SCC 552 n 533

Union Carbide Corpn. v. Union of India, (1991) 4 SCC 584 n 242, 1155

Union Carbide Corpn. v. Union of India, (1989) 3 SCC 38 n 653

Union of India v. A. Durairaj, (2010) 14 SCC 389: (2011) 2 SCC (L&S) 542 n 1135

Union of India v. Ajeet Singh, (2013) 4 SCC 186 n 670

Union of India v. Amrit Lal Manchanda, (2004) 3 SCC 75 n 543, 802

Union of India v. Anil Kumar, (1999) 5 SCC 743 n 124

Union of India v. Assn. for Democratic Reforms, (2002) 5 SCC 294 n 306, 338, 363, 996, 997

Union of India v. Bhanudas Krishna Gawde, (1977) 1 SCC 834 n 470, 864

Union of India v. C.S. Sidhu, (2010) 4 SCC 563 n 287

Union of India v. Col. J.N. Sinha, (1970) 2 SCC 458 n 792

Union of India v. Cynamide India Ltd., (1987) 2 SCC 720 n 705, 868, 885

Union of India v. D.N. Revri & Co., (1976) 4 SCC 147 n 201

Union of India v. Datta Linga Toshatwad, (2005) 13 SCC 709 n 307

Union of India v. Elphinstone Spinning and Weaving Co. Ltd., (2001) 3 SCC 139 n 582

Union of India v. G.K. Apte, (1971) 3 SCC 460 n 653

Union of India v. Godfrey Philips India, (1985) 4 SCC 369 n 886

Union of India v. Gopal Chandra Misra, (1978) 2 SCC 301 n 528, 594, 923, 987

Union of India v. Hindustan Development Corpn., (1993) 3 SCC 499 n 429

Union of India v. International Trading Co., (2003) 5 SCC 437 n 66, 395, 905, 949

Union of India v. J. Ahmed, (1979) 2 SCC 286 n 772Union of India v. Jyoti Chit Fund and

Finance, (1976) 3 SCC 607 n 633, 879Union of India v. K.P. Joseph,

(1973) 1 SCC 194 n 35Union of India v. K.R. Tahilani,

(1980) 3 SCC 309 n 1148Union of India v. Kirloskar Pneumatic

Co. Ltd., (1996) 4 SCC 453 n 502Union of India v. Kuldeep Singh,

(2004) 2 SCC 590 n 1039Union of India v. M.L. Capoor,

(1973) 2 SCC 836 n 764

TABLE OF CASES n CIII

Union of India v. M.P. Singh, 1990 Supp SCC 701 n 653

Union of India v. Madras Bar Assn., (2010) 11 SCC 1 n 403, 520, 525, 1010, 1164

Union of India v. Mohanlal, (2012) 7 SCC 712 n 2Union of India v. Moksh Builders and

Financers Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 60 n 95Union of India v. Motion Picture Assn.,

(1999) 6 SCC 150 n 77, 1083Union of India v. Naveen Jindal,

(2004) 2 SCC 510 n 145Union of India v. Orient Engg. & Commercial

Co. Ltd., (1978) 1 SCC 10 n 425Union of India v. Playworld Electronics

(P) Ltd., (1989) 3 SCC 181 n 1137Union of India v. Raghubir Singh, (1989) 2

SCC 754 n 574, 598, 622, 677, 738, 852Union of India v. Rajiv Kumar, (2003)

6 SCC 516 n 103, 1113, 1197Union of India v. Ramachandra Sambhaji

Kandekar, (1981) 1 SCC 4 n 549Union of India v. Raman Iron Foundry,

(1974) 2 SCC 231 n 276Union of India v. Ranbaxy Laboratories

Ltd., (2008) 7 SCC 502 n 561Union of India v. S.K. Sharma,

(1987) 3 SCC 490 n 386Union of India v. S.P. Anand,

(1998) 6 SCC 466 n 1200Union of India v. S.P. Sharma, (2014)

6 SCC 351 n 443, 848, 1097Union of India v. Sankalchand Himatlal Sheth,

(1977) 4 SCC 193 n 7, 31, 179, 426, 529, 565, 577, 585, 587, 595, 614, 625, 632, 1162

Union of India v. Satish Chandra Sharma, (1980) 2 SCC 144 n 194, 196, 645, 682, 935

Union of India v. Sunil Kumar Ghosh, (1984) 4 SCC 246 n 10

Union of India v. Tulsiram Patel, (1985) 3 SCC 398 n 68, 788, 906

Union of India v. W.N. Chadha, 1993 Supp (4) SCC 260 n 75, 244

United Commercial Bank v. P.C. Kakkar, (2003) 4 SCC 364 n 949

United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Manubhai Dharmasinhbhai Gajera, (2008) 10 SCC 404 n 384

United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Rajendra Singh, (2000) 3 SCC 581 n 449

University of Kerala v. Council of Principals of Colleges, Kerala, (2010) 1 SCC 353 n 1051

University of Poona v. Shankar Narhar Ageshe, (1972) 3 SCC 186 n 361, 367

Unni Krishnan v. State of A.P., (1993) 1 SCC 645 n 340, 875

UPSC v. Girish Jayanti Lal Vaghela, (2006) 2 SCC 482 n 64

Urban Improvement Trust, Bikaner v. Mohan Lal, (2010) 1 SCC 512 n 457

Urmila Devi v. Yudhvir Singh, (2013) 15 SCC 624 n 3, 903

Usha Bharti v. State of U.P., (2014) 7 SCC 663 n 152, 846, 1122

Usman Gani J. Khatri of Bombay v. Cantonment Board, (1992) 3 SCC 455 n 829

Utkal Contractors & Joinery (P) Ltd. v. State of Orissa, (1987) 3 SCC 279 n 561

Uttaranchal Road Transport Corpn. v. Mansaram Nainwal, (2006) 6 SCC 366 n 850, 851

VV.C. Rangadurai v. D. Gopalan,

(1979) 1 SCC 308 n 935V.K. Jain v. High Court of Delhi, (2008) 17

SCC 538 n 525, 589, 627, 628, 1120, 1121V.P. Gidroniya v. State of M.P.,

(1970) 1 SCC 362 n 1133V.S. Achuthanandan v. P.J. Francis,

(1999) 3 SCC 737 n 365V. Tulasamma v. Sesha Reddy,

(1977) 3 SCC 99 n 506Vajresh Venkatray Anvekar v. State of

Karnataka, (2013) 3 SCC 462 n 247, 758Valsamma Paul v. Cochin University,

(1996) 3 SCC 545 n 1030Vanguard Rolling Shutters and Steel Works

v. CST, (1977) 2 SCC 250 n 200Variety Emporium v. V.R.M. Mohd. Ibrahim

Naina, (1985) 1 SCC 251 n 592Vasanta Sampat Dupare v. State of Maharashtra,

(2015) 1 SCC 253 n 942, 1037Vasudeo Vishwanath Saraf v. New Education

Institute, (1986) 4 SCC 31 n 1016Vatal Nagaraj v. R. Dayanand Sagar,

(1975) 4 SCC 127 n 357, 742Veerayee Ammal v. Seeni Ammal,

(2002) 1 SCC 134 n 951Veji Lakshmi and Co. v. Benett Coleman,

(1977) 3 SCC 160 n 803Vidhya Singh v. State of M.P.,

(1971) 3 SCC 244 n 1035Vijayee Singh v. State of U.P.,

(1990) 3 SCC 190 n 954

CIV n THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Vijay Laxmi Sadho (Dr) v. Jagdish, (2001) 2 SCC 247 n 588

Vijay Shankar Pandey v. Union of India, (2014) 10 SCC 589 n 156, 182

Vijendra Kumar Verma v. Public Service Commission, (2011) 1 SCC 150 n 370

Viklad Coal Merchant v. Union of India, (1984) 1 SCC 619 n 988

Vikram Vir Vohra v. Shalini Bhalla, (2010) 4 SCC 409 n 514

Village Panchayat, Calangute v. Director of Panchayat, (2012) 7 SCC 550 n 808

Vinay Balachandra Joshi v. Registrar General, Supreme Court of India, (1998) 7 SCC 461 n 466

Vinay Chandra Mishra, In re, (1995) 2 SCC 584 n 45, 195, 620, 884, 1015, 1059

Vincent Panikurlangara v. Union of India, (1987) 2 SCC 165 n 762

Vineet Narain v. Union of India, (1998) 1 SCC 226 n 619

Vinod Kumar v. State of Punjab, (2015) 3 SCC 220 n 264, 579

Virender Gaur v. State of Haryana, (1995) 2 SCC 577 n 379

Virendra Kashinath Ravat v. Vinayak N. Joshi, (1999) 1 SCC 47 n 93

Virendra Kumar Saklecha v. Jagjiwan, (1972) 1 SCC 826 n 359

Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, (1997) 6 SCC 241 n 476

Vishram Singh Raghubanshi v. State of U.P., (2011) 7 SCC 776 n 59, 195, 881

Vishundas Hundumal v. State of M.P., (1981) 2 SCC 410 n 319

Vishwa Lochan Madan v. Union of India, (2014) 7 SCC 707 n 439, 780, 964, 1121

Vodafone International Holdings BV v. Union of India, (2012) 6 SCC 613 n 108, 519, 541, 698, 1136

Voluntary Health Assn. of Punjab v. Union of India, (2013) 4 SCC 1 n 441, 442, 1195

Vrajlal Manilal & Co. v. State of M.P., 1986 (Supp) SCC 201 n 150, 446

WWakil Nayak v. State of Bihar,

(1971) 3 SCC 778 n 430

Waman Rao v. Union of India, (1981) 2 SCC 362 n 51, 164, 853

Wasiuddin Ahmed v. D.M., (1981) 4 SCC 521 n 972Western M.P. Electric Power & Supply Co. Ltd.

v. State of U.P., (1969) 1 SCC 817 n 402Wilfred D’Souza (Dr) v. Francis Menino

Jesus Ferrao, (1977) 1 SCC 396 n 1150Woolcombers of India Ltd. v. Workers

Union, (1974) 3 SCC 318 n 88Workmen of Sudder Workshop v. Jorehaut Tea

Co. Ltd., (1980) 3 SCC 406 n 742, 1135Workmen v. American Express International

Banking Corpn., (1985) 4 SCC 71 n 562Workmen v. Cochin Port Trust,

(1978) 3 SCC 119 n 978Workmen v. Hindustan Lever Ltd.,

(1984) 4 SCC 392 n 664Workmen v. Indian Oxygen Ltd.,

(1985) 3 SCC 177 n 396Workmen v. Raptakos Brett & Co.

Ltd., (1992) 1 SCC 290 n 765

YY.A. Mamarde v. Authority under the Minimum

Wages Act, (1972) 2 SCC 108 n 663, 847Yakub Abdul Razak Memon v. State of Maharashtra,

(2013) 13 SCC 1 n 834, 949, 1028, 1150, 1151Yashbir Singh v. Union of India,

(1987) 4 SCC 345 n 289, 546Yudhishtir v. State of M.P., (1971) 3 SCC 436 n 413Yuvraj Digvijay Sinhji v. Yuvrani Pratap

Kumari, (1969) 2 SCC 279 n 756

ZZahira Habibullah Sheikh (5) v. State of

Gujarat, (2006) 3 SCC 374 n 628, 671Zahira Habibulla H. Sheikh v. State of Gujarat,

(2004) 4 SCC 158 n 253, 516, 965Zenit Mataplast (P) Ltd. v. State of

Maharashtra, (2009) 10 SCC 388 n 1102Ziyauddin Burhanuddin Bukhari v. Brijmohan

Ramdass Mehra, (1976) 2 SCC 17 n 846, 1032Zora Singh v. J.M. Tandon, (1971)

3 SCC 834 n 285, 413

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