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Thyroid Disorders. Endocrine Glands. Collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus gland, thyroid gland. Thyroid Gland. (Hormone.org, 2012). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Thyroid Disorders
Endocrine Glands
Collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus gland, thyroid gland
Thyroid Gland
(Hormone.org, 2012)
Figure 12-7: Effects of thyroxine.
(Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)
Thyroid
TSH T3T4
Disruption of hormones Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism
(NIDDK, 2006)
Hyperthyroidism
One of the most common hyperthyroid disorders Graves’ Disease
More common in women than men
Hyperthyroid Symptoms
ExophthalmosProfuse perspirationHand tremorsGoiterWeight lossNervousness/
excitabilityRapid pulsePolydipsiaDiarrheaInsomnia
Insert Figure 12-9: Thyroid goiter. (Newscom)
(Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)
Hypothyroidism
Most common type of hypothyroidism Hashimoto’s Disease
The thyroid doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone
Symptoms: Fatigue, mental depression, feeling cold, weight gain, dry
skin and hair, constipation, menstrual irregularities
Thyroid Cancer
Most people have no symptoms
4 types: Papillary – slow growing – easily treated – rarely fatal Follicular – again slow growing – rarely fatal Medullary – less common – more aggressive Anaplastic – least common – most aggressive
Addison’s Disease
Adrenal Insufficiency Adrenal glands cannot
produce enough cortisol
• OR Pituitary gland fails to
produce enouch adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
Symptoms: Chronic, worsening
fatigue Muscle weakness Loss of appetite Weight loss Nausea/vomiting Diarrhea Craving for salty foods Low blood glucose Headache
Cushing’s Syndrome
Caused by prolonged exposure of the body’s tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol.
Relatively rare but risk factors: Obesity Type 2 diabetes High blood pressure
Cushing’s Syndrome
Signs & Symptoms: Rounded face Upper body obesity Increased neck fat Bruise easily / poor
healing Weakened bones Fatigue Increased
thirst/urination Irritability / anxiety /
depression
(NIDDK, 2006)
Insert Figure 12-11: A patient with Cushing’s syndrome (A) before and (B) after receiving treatment. (Sharmyn McGraw)
(Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)
Treatments
Medication
Radioactive Iodine
Surgery
Prevention??