Upload
hoanam2009
View
238
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
D tho Tiu chun quc t ISO/DIS 7301
Tiu chun ISO/DIS 7301Tiu chun ISO/DIS 7301
Tiu chun quc t ISO/DIS 7301
Tiu chun quc tISO/DIS 7301
go - yu cu k thut
1. phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny a ra nhng yu cu k thut ti thiu i vi go (Oryza sativa L.) l i tng bun bn ca th trng th gii vi cc mt hng: go lt v go xt, hoc khng . Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc sn phm khc c ngun gc t go hoc t go np.
2. Ti liu tham kho
Cc ti liu tham kho di y c trch dn cho tiu chun quc t ny. Cc ti liu tham kho qu thi hn s dng, sa i tip theo hoc sot xt khng c p dng. Tuy vy, cc phn ph hp vi c s Tiu chun quc t ny s c lm r khai thc kh nng p dng cho cc ln ti bn mi nht. i vi cc ti liu tham kho khng ngy thng, s s dng nhng ti liu c ti bn gn nht. Cc thnh vin ISO v IEC duy tr ng k cc Tiu chun quc t c hiu lc hin hnh.
ISO 31-0:1992, S lng v n v - Phn : Nguyn tc chung.
ISO 712:1999, Ng cc v cc sn phm ng cc - Phng php xc nh m (Phng php tham kho thng dng).
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun quc t ny, p dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:
3.1. Thc
Ht la cn v tru sau khi tut khi bng.
3.2. Go lt
Thc c xay tch loi b v tru
Ghi ch: Qu trnh xay v x l c th lm mt mt phn cm
3.3. Go xt
Go lt c xt tch loi b ton b hoc mt phn cm v phi
Ghi ch: C th tip tc phn loi theo cc Mc xt trng di y
3.3.1. Go xt di
Go thu c do xt Go lt nhng cha t mc xt trng cn thit
3.3.2. Go xt k
Go thu c do xt Go lt vi mc tch loi hu ht v cm v phi
3.3.3. Go xt rt k
Go thu c do xt Go lt vi mc tch loi hon ton v cm v loi b hu nh hon ton ht phi
3.4 Go
L Go lt hoc Go c xay xt t Thc hoc Go lt c lm kh sau khi ngm nc v x l nhit tinh bt c h ho hon ton
3.5. Go np
Cc ging la c ni nh trng v c
Ghi ch: Tinh bt go np hu nh hon ton l amylopectin. Sau khi nu, cc ht c xu hng dnh kt vi nhau
3.6. Ht nguyn vn
Ht go lt hoc go xt ca mu phn tch (Xem Hnh 1) khng phi l tm v mnh ht c chiu di ht > 9/10 chiu di trung bnh ca ht (3.12)
3.7. Ht nguyn
Ht nguyn vn (3.6) hoc phn ca ht c chiu di ht > 3/4 chiu di trung bnh ca ht (3.12) ca mu phn tch (Xem Hnh 1)
3.8. Tm ln
Phn ca ht c chiu di < 3/4 nhng > 1/2 chiu di trung bnh ca ht (3.12) (Xem Hnh 1)
3.9. Tm va
Phn ca ht c chiu di < 1/2 nhng > 1/4 chiu di trung bnh ca ht (3.12) (Xem Hnh 1)
3.10. Tm nh
Phn ca ht c chiu di < 1/4 chiu di trung bnh ca ht (3.12) nhng khng lt qua sng kim loi c mt sng trn vi ng knh 1,4mm (Xem Hnh 1)
3.11. Tm mn
Phn ca ht lt qua sng kim loi c mt sng trn vi ng knh 1,4mm
3.12. Chiu di trung bnh ca ht
Gi tr s hc ca chiu di ht hon thin hoc khng hon thin (3.16) m khng phi l tm (Ph lc A)
3.13. Tp cht
Cc thnh phn hu c v v c khng phi l ht go, ht nguyn vn hoc tm:
a) Cc tp cht hu c l: ht khc loi, tru, cm, mnh rm r, v.v
b) Cc tp cht v c l: si, ct, bi v.v
3.14. Ht h hng bi nhit
Ht go hoc tm b bin i mu t nhin do nhit t vi sinh vt
Ghi ch: Bao gm ht c mu vng hoc vng en i vi go khng , v ht c mu da cam hoc da cam sm i vi go .
3.15. Ht h hng
Ht go nguyn hoc tm c biu hin h hng r rng bi m, cn trng, bnh hoc cc nguyn nhn khc, k c ht h hng do nhit (3.14)
3.16. Ht xanh non v Ht d hnh
Ht go hoc tm cn non (cha chn hon ton) v hoc cha pht trin y
3.17. Ht bc phn
Ht go nguyn hoc tm, khng phi l go , tr go np (3.5) c mu trng bc nh phn trn ton b b mt.
3.18. Ht
Ht go hoc tm c v cm bao ph hn 1/4 b mt
3.19. Ht sc
Ht go hoc tm c sc cm mu vi chiu di > 1/2 chiu di ht nguyn vn, nhng sc bao ph < 1/4 b mt ht
3.20. Ht h ho mt phn
Ht Go hoc Tm cha c h ho hon ton
3.21. Ht en
Ht Go hoc Tm c hn 1/4 b mt ht chuyn mu thnh nu sm hoc en do qu trnh .
Hnh 1. Kch thc ht, tm v tm mn4. Yu cu k thut
4.1. Yu cu chung, yu cu v cm quan v v sinh thc phm
Ht go lt, go xt, c ln hoc khng ln tm phi khng hng, sch s v khng c mi l hoc mi biu th s h hng. Chng cng khng c ln c t hoc bt k cht c hi no.
Mc cht ph gia, cht bo v thc vt v cht gy nhim khc phi di mc ti a cho php ca nc nhn hng ho, nu khng c ch nh c th th p dng Lut thc phm ca Lin u ban Nng lng/Y t (FAO/WHO)
Khng cho php c cn trng sng thy bng mt thng
4.2. Yu cu c l v ho hc
4.2.1. m phi ln hn 15,0% (Trc y quy nh 15% (khi lng)(
Ch : m yu cu c th thp hn ph thuc vo kh hu, qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun. Xem chi tit ISO6322 phn 1, 2 v 3.
4.2.2. Khng cho php sai lch gii hn cc loi ht ghi trong Bng 1, quy nh v nh ngha ph hp vi phng php m t trong Ph lc A
Bng 1 - Yu cu k thut i vi go
Loi htnh ngha tham khoGo lt khng % (khi lng)Go xt khng % (khi lng)Go lt % (khi lng)Go xt % (khi lng)
Tp cht: - Hu c
- V c3.13 a/
3.13 b/1,0
0,50,5
0,51,0
0,50,5
0,5
Thc3.12,50,32,50,3
Ga lt khng 3.2Khng p dng1,011,01,0
Go xt khng 3.31,0Khng p dng1,01,0
Go lt 3.21,01,0Khng p dng1,0
Go xt 3.31,01,01,0Khng p dng
Tm mn3.110,10,10,10,1
Ht h hng do nhit3.142,0a2,02,02,0a
Ht h hng3.154,03,04,03,0
Ht non v Ht d hnh3.168,02,08,02,0
Ht bc phn3.175,0a5,0Khng p dngKhng p dng
Ht v Ht sc 3.18, 3.1912,0b12,012,0b12,0
Ht h ho mt phn3.20Khng p dngKhng p dng11,011,0
Ht en3.21Khng p dngKhng p dng4,02,0
Go np3.51,0a1,01,0a1,0
a. Sau khi xt
b. y ch tnh go lt hon ton
4.3. Yu cu chi tit trong hp ng
Tt c cc hp ng thng mi s phi ch:
4.3.1. Tng phn trm tm cho php, phn loi cc loi ht theo tho thun v t l tng ng vi tng loi ht
4.3.2. Tng phn trm cc loi ht ghi Bng 1, c xc nh theo phng php m t trong Ph lc A
Tt c cc hp ng thng mi u phi cp n cc iu khon to c s nh gi v quyn t chi l hng khi vt qu phn trm v t l ca cc loi ht 4.1, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.3.1 v 4.3.2
5. Ly mu
Ly mu khng phi l mt phn ca yu cu k thut trong tiy chun ny. Phng php ly mu c nu trong ISO 950.
iu quan trng l phng th nghim nhn c mu i din i vi l hng v cha b h hng hoc bin i trong qu trnh vn chuyn hoc bo qun.
6. Phng php xc nh
m c nh ngha theo ISO 712
Cc phng php xc nh khc c nu trong cc Ph lc A v B
7. Bao gi
Vt liu bao gi khng lm mt mi hoc v v khng c tc nhn c th gy h hng sn phm hoc gy hi cho sc kho. Bao b s dng phi sch, chc chn v ming bao c ng kn
8. Ghi nhn
Bao b hng phi c ghi nhn hoc k hiu theo yu cu ca nc nhn hng
2. Ph lc A
phng php phn tch yu cu k thut go
A.1. Nguyn tc
Tch chn bng tay, cn tm v cc loi ht c nu trong Bng 1
A.2. Dng c
A.2.1. Thit b chia mu, xin ly mu nn hoc nhiu ngn
A.2.2. Sng kim loi, c mt sng trn vi ng knh 1,4mm
A.2.3. Panh, dao v chi lng
A.2.4. Bt nh
A.2.5. Cn, c chnh xc 0,01g
A.2.6. Khay, hoc vt dng khc, c mu tng phn vi mu c trng ca go d nh gi
A.2.7. Dng c o kch thc (micrometer), hoc thit b tng ng, khng gy bin dng ht v c chnh xc 0,01mm
A.3. Ly mu. Xem mc 5
A.4. Th tc
Ghi nhn bt k mi c bit hoc khc l so vi go
Xc nhn s hin din ca cc cn trng sng hoc cht v ghi s lng ca chng
A.4.1. Chun b mu phn tch
Cn v trn k mu th nghim c ng u cao nht, v c th tin hnh ly mu nh hn nu cn thit, dng thit b chia mu (A.2.1) ly mu phn tch khong 800g
Dng thit b chia mu (A.2.1), chia u mu phn tch thnh hai phn bng nhau khong 400g
A.4.2. Xc nh
Mt trong hai phn mu phn tch:
a) Theo cch ly mu ngu nhin, tch ly hai l 100 ht khng c tm
b) Dng my o kch thc o chiu di ht (A.2.7) v ghi gi tr (L1 v L2) chi di ht ca c hai l
c) Tnh chiu di trung bnh ht (3.12) ca hai l
(L1 + L2) / 2
Nu gi tr ln hn 2 th tr li ton b s ht vo khay v tin hnh lp li t mc a
d) Tr li ton b s ht vo phn mu
Khi ht c mt vi khuyt tt th phn loi chng vo hng thp nht nu gi tr cho php cao nht (Xem Bng 1).
Tt c cc mnh v dnh trn mt sng c xc nh l phn khng lt sng
Tu thuc loi go, go lt khng , go xt khng , go lt , hoc go xt , p dng th tc theo m t sau y.
A.4.2.1. Go lt khng (Xem s Hnh A.1)
Cn mt phn mu phn tch vi chnh xc 0,1g v dn u chng trn khay (A.2.6). Dng panh, dao, chi lng (A.2.3) tch loi ring cc tp cht hu c (3.13 a/), tp cht v c (3.13 b/), thc (3.1), go xt khng (3.3), go lt (3.2) v go xt (3.3) vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn su loi thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Dng thit b chia mu chia phn cn li ca mu phn tch th hai to thnh bn phn nh, mi phn nh khong 100g
Cn phn nh th nht vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dn u v nht ring ht h hng (3.15), ht non v ht khng hon thin (3.16), ht (3.18) vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Cn phn nh th hai vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dng sng (A.2.2) tch loi tm mn (3.11), sau dn u phn khng lt sng v phn loi ring tm ln (3.8), tm va (3.9), tm nh (3.10). Tch ring cc phn thu c vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn tng phn vi chnh xc 0,01g.
Sau , dng my xt tin hnh xt phn nh th ba. Cn go xt thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dn u v nht ring ht h hng nhit (3.14), ht phn (3.17), go np (3.5) vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g.
A.4.2.2. Go xt khng (Xem s Hnh A.2)
Cn mt phn mu phn tch vi chnh xc 0,1g v dn u chng trong khay (A.2.6). Dng panh, dao, chi lng (A.2.3) nht ring tp cht hu c (3.13 a/), tp cht v c (3.13 b/), thc (3.1), go lt khng (3.2), go lt (3.2), v go xt (3.3) vo tng bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g.
Dng thit b chia mu chia phn mu phn tch th hai to thnh bn phn nh, mi phn nh khong 100g
Cn phn nh th nht vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dn u v tch loi ring ht h hng nhit (3.14), ht h hng (3.15), ht non v ht khng hon thin (3.16), ht bc phn (3.17), ht (3.18) v ht sc (3.19), go np (3.5) vo tng cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Cn phn nh th hai vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dng sng (A.2.2) tch loi tm mn (3.11), sau dn u phn khng lt qua sng v tch loi ring tm ln (3.8), tm va (3.9), tm nh (3.10). Tch ring cc phn thu c vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn bn phn vi chnh xc 0,01g
A.4.2.3. Go lt (Xem s Hnh A.3)
Cn mt phn mu phn tch vi chnh xc 0,1g v dn u chng trn khay (A.2.6). Dng panh, dao, chi lng (A.2.3) tch ring tp cht hu c (3.13 a/), tp cht v c (3.13 b/), thc (3.1), go lt khng (3.2), go xt khng (3.3), v go xt (3.3) vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Dng thit b chia mu chia phn mu phn tch th hai thnh bn phn nh, mi phn khong 100g
Cn phn nh th nht vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dn u v tch ring ht h hng (3.15), ht non v ht khng hon thin (3.16), ht (3.18) vo cc khay nh (A.2.4). Cn ba phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Cn phn th hai vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dng sng (A.2.2) tch loi tm mn (3.11), sau dn u phn khng lt sng v tch loi ring Tm ln (3.8), Tm va (3.9), tm nh (3.10). Tch ring cc phn thu c vo cc khay nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn vi chnh xc 0,01g
Sau , dng my xt tin hnh xt phn nh th ba. Cn go xt thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dn u n v tch loi ring ht h hng nhit (3.14), ht h ho mt phn (3.20), ht en (3.21) vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn ba phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Sau , dng my xt tin hnh xt phn nh th t v xc nh phn trm go np (3.5) theo Ph lc B
A.4.2.4. Go xt (Xem s Hnh A.4)
Cn mt phn mu phn tch vi chnh xc 0,1g v dn u chng trong khay (A.2.6). Dng panh, dao, chi lng (A.2.3) tch loi ring tp cht hu c (3.13 a/), tp cht v c (3.13 b/), thc (3.1), go lt khng (3.2), go xt khng (3.3), Go lt (3.2) vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Dng thit b chia mu chia phn mu phn tch th hai to thnh bn phn nh, mi phn khong 100g
Cn phn nh th nht vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dn u v tch loi ring ht h hng do nhit (3.14), ht h hng (3.15), ht non v ht khng hon thin(3.16), ht (3.18) v ht sc (3.19), ht b h ho mt phn (3.20), ht en (3.21) vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn thu c vi chnh xc 0,01g
Cn phn nh th hai vi chnh xc 0,01g. Dng sng (A.2.2) tch loi b tm mn (3.11), sau dn u phn khng lt qua sng v phn loi ring tm ln (3.8), tm va (3.9), tm nh (3.10). Tch ring cc phn thu c vo cc bt nh (A.2.4). Cn cc phn vi chnh xc 0,01g
Cn phn nh th ba vi chnh xc 0,01g v xc nh phn trm go np (3.5) theo Ph lc B
A.5. Tnh kt qu
Tnh kt qu thu c i vi cc loi ht ghi trong Bng 1 theo khi lng, phn trm khi lng.
Ghi kt qu tng loi ht vi s o thp phn mt phn mi theo quy tc lm trn s quy nh trong ISO 31-0
Bng A.1. Tnh kt qu
Loi htGo ltaGo xtbGo ltcGo d
Tp cht hu c
Tp cht v c
Thc
Go lt khng ...
Go xt khng
...
Go lt
...
Go xt
...
Ht h hng do nhit
Ht h hng
Ht non v ht khng hon thin
Ht bc phn
......
Ht h ho mt phn......
Ht en......
Ht v ht sc
Go np
Tm ln
Tm va
Tm nh
Tm mn
a nh ngha ny theo th tc a ra trong A.7
b nh ngha ny theo th tc a ra trong A.8
c nh ngha ny theo th tc a ra trong A.9
d nh ngha ny theo th tc a ra trong A.10
A.6. Bo co kt qu phn tch
Bo co kt qu phn tch bao gm:
Ngy thng phn tch;
Tt c cc thng tin cn thit v c im tng qut ca mu;
Khi lng mu;
Tiu chun quc t tham kho;
Cc chi tit thc hin khng theo cc Ph lc, hoc c la chn, cng cc chi tit lin quan c nh hng ti kt qu phn tch;
Cc kt qu thu c
Hnh A1. S quy trnh phn tch go lt khng
Hnh A2. S quy trnh phn tch go xt
Hnh A3. S quy trnh phn tch go lt
Hnh A4. S quy trnh phn tch go xt
3. Ph lc B
Xc nh go c trong go B.1. Nguyn tc
Go c (trng sp) c mu nu khi phn ng trong dung dch iode cn go t c mu xanh lam.
B.2. Dng c
B.2.1. Cn, chnh xc 0,1g
B.2.2. Cc thu tinh, dung tch 250ml
B.2.3. Bt trng nh, hoc phng tin cha ng tng ung c mu trng
B.2.4. Ti li kim loi
B.2.5. a thu tinh
B.2.6. Panh hoc kp
B.2.7. Giy thm
B.3. ho cht
B.3.1. Dung dch iode gc, c 0,2g iode v 2,0g iodide kali trong 100ml nc kh ion
B.3.2. Dung dch iode th, pha long Dung dch iode gc (B.3.1) hai ln bng nc kh ion (Ch pha s dng trong ngy).
B.4. Xc nh
B.4.1. Cn 100g go xt v cho vo Cc thu tinh (B.2.2)
B.4.2. Thm khong 80ml Dung dch iode th (B.3.2) lm t ht, khuy cho ti khi tt c cc ht chm trong dung dch. Ngm trong 30 giy.
B.4.3. Nh nhng ht v dung dch vo ti li kim loi (B.2.4) tch ht dung dch. Sau , t ti li trn t giy thm (B.2.7) thm ht dung dch d.
B.4.4. ht x l vo bt (B.2.3). Tch ring cc ht go c c mu nu ra khi khi ht go t c mu xanh lam thm.
B.4.5. Cn cc phn go c v go trng trong vi chnh xc 0,1g (m1, m2)
B.4.6. Tnh phn trm go c theo cng thc:
Go c (%) =
4. Ph lc C
mc lc tham khoISO 13690. 1) Ng cc v u v cc sn phm xay xt - Ly mu ca h tnh
ISO 6322-1.Bo qun ng cc v u - Phn 1: Yu cu chung v bo qun ng cc
ISO 6322-2.Bo qun ng cc v u - Phn 2: Yu cu cn thit
ISO 6322-3.Bo qun ng cc v u - Phn 3: Kim sot cn trng xm nhp
ISO 6646.2) Go - Xc nh hiu sut thu hi go lt v go xt
----------------------------------------------------------
1) S cng b
2) ang sot xt
m14 Ht h hng do nhit (3.14)
m15 Ht bc phn (3.17)
m16 Go np (3.5)
Loi b
mz
m10 Tm ln (3.8)
m11 Tm va (3.9)
m12 Tm nh (3.10)
m13 Tm mn (3.11) bng sng
Phn mu
(100g
Phn mu
(100g
Phn mu
my (100g
Phn mu
mx (100g
m1 Tp cht hu c (3.13a)
m2 Tp cht v c (3.13b)
m3 Thc (3.1)
m4 Go xt khng (3.3)
m5 Go lt (3.2)
m6 Go xt (3.3)
Chiu di trung bnh
(L1 v L2) ca
hai l 100 ht
khng c Tm
Phn mu
phn tch
( 400g
Phn mu phn tch mw( 400g
m
Mi v cn trng
Trn v thu nh
Mu th nghim
Mu phn tch ( 800g
m7 Ht h hng (3.15)
m8 Ht non, Ht khng hon thin(3.16)
m9 Ht (3.18)
m14 Ht h hng do nhit (3.14)
m15 Ht h ho mt phn (3.20)
m16 Ht en (3.21)
m17 Go np (3.5)
m18 Go t
mz
m10 Tm ln (3.8)
m11 Tm va (3.9)
m12 Tm nh (3.10)
m13 Tm mn (3.11) bng sng
Phn mu
(100g
Phn mu
(100g
Phn mu
my (100g
Phn mu
mx (100g
m1 Tp cht hu c (3.13a)
m2 Tp cht v c (3.13b)
m3 Thc (3.1)
m4 Go lt khng (3.2)
m5 Go xt khng (3.3)
m6 Go xt (3.3)
Chiu di trung bnh
(L1 v L2) ca
hai l 100 ht
khng c Tm
Phn mu
phn tch
(400g
Phn mu phn tch mw(400g
m
Mi v cn trng
Trn v thu nh
Mu th nghim
Mu phn tch (800g
m7 Ht h hng (3.15)
m8 Ht non v Ht khng hon thin(3.16)
m9 Ht (3.18)
Xt
Xt
Phn tch theo
Ph lc B
m7 Ht h hng do nhit (3.14)
m8 Ht h hng (3.15)
m9 Ht non v Ht khng hon thin(3.16)
m10 Ht phn (3.17)
m11 Go (3.18) v sc (3.19)
m16 Go np (3.5)
Loi b
m16 Tm mn (3.11) bng sng
m12 Tm ln (3.8)
m13 Tm va (3.9)
m14 Tm nh (3.10)
Phn mu
(100g
Phn mu
my(100g
Phn mu
mx (100g
Phn mu
(100g
m1 Tp cht hu c (3.13a)
m2 Tp cht v c (3.13b)
m3 Thc (3.1)
m4 Go lt khng (3.2)
m5 Go lt (3.2)
m6 Go xt (3.3)
Chiu di trung bnh
(L1 v L2) ca
hai l 100 ht
khng c Tm
Phn mu
phn tch
(400g
Phn mu phn tch mw(400g
m
Mi v cn trng
Trn v thu nh
Mu th nghim
Mu phn tch (800g
Loi b
m7 Ht h hng do nhit (3.14)
m8 Ht h hng (3.15)
m9 Ht non v ht khng hon thin(3.16)
m10 Go (3.18), Ht sc (3.19)
m11 Ht h ho mt phn (3.20)
m16 Ht en (3.21)
m17Go np (3.5)
m18 Go t
m16 Tm mn (3.11) bng sng
m12 Tm ln (3.8)
m13 Tm va (3.9)
m14 Tm nh (3.10)
Phn mu
(100g
Phn mu
my(100g
Phn mu
mx (100g
Phn mu
(100g
m1 Tp cht hu c (3.13a)
m2 Tp cht v c (3.13b)
m3 Thc (3.1)
m4 Go lt khng (3.2)
m5 Go xt khng (3.3)
m6 Go lt (3.2)
Chiu di trung bnh
(L1 v L2) ca
hai l 100 ht
khng c Tm
Phn mu
phn tch
(400g
Phn mu phn tch mw(400g
m
Mi v cn trng
Trn v thu nh
Mu th nghim
Mu phn tch
mx(800g
Loi b
Phn tch theo
Ph lc B
Tm
Tm mn (3.11)
Tm nh (3.10)
Tm va (3.9)
Tm ln (3.8)
Ht nguyn (3.7)
Ht nguyn vn (3.6)
Lx1/4
Lx1/2
Lx3/4
Lx9/10
L (di trung bnh) (3.12)
Khng lt qua sng mt sng trn vi ng knh 1,4mm
5049
_1098975896.unknown
_1098976132.unknown
_1099032862.unknown
_1099033002.unknown
_1099033073.unknown
_1099033092.unknown
_1099033113.unknown
_1099033194.unknown
_1099033104.unknown
_1099033081.unknown
_1099033038.unknown
_1099033058.unknown
_1099033015.unknown
_1099032936.unknown
_1099032978.unknown
_1099032993.unknown
_1099032954.unknown
_1099032893.unknown
_1099032913.unknown
_1099032875.unknown
_1098976206.unknown
_1099032834.unknown
_1099032850.unknown
_1099032809.unknown
_1098976168.unknown
_1098976186.unknown
_1098976149.unknown
_1098976025.unknown
_1098976099.unknown
_1098976114.unknown
_1098976082.unknown
_1098975928.unknown
_1098975946.unknown
_1098975911.unknown
_1064232144.unknown
_1098975739.unknown
_1098975840.unknown
_1098975867.unknown
_1098975816.unknown
_1064232328.unknown
_1064294717.unknown
_1064384218.unknown
_1064385672.unknown
_1064294770.unknown
_1064294370.unknown
_1064294702.unknown
_1064232253.unknown
_1064232302.unknown
_1064232233.unknown
_1064232029.unknown
_1064232109.unknown
_1064232130.unknown
_1064232098.unknown
_1064231999.unknown
_1064232014.unknown
_1064231929.unknown