MC LC

Lp K5A QL Xuyn Mc

SVTH: Nhm Chu c

T VN Bn a chnh l ti liu quan trng khng th thiu c trong s nghip pht trin kinh t x hi v an ninh quc phng ca Quc gia, ng thi l ti liu lm bn nn cho vic xy dng h thng bn chuyn v c s dng lm ngun xy dng h thng c s d liu khng gian cho vng, lnh th, quc gia v.v Bn a chnh sau mt thi gian s dng thng tin trn bn khng cn ph hp so vi thc t, khng phn nh ng hin trng trn b mt t, hin chnh bn a chnh l phng n c chn gii quyt vn , vic hin chnh bn a hnh gip cho vic cp nht thng tin nhanh chng hn, vi chi ph thp hn so vi thnh lp mi. Vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, cng ngh s ra i vi nhng bc tin nhy vt gip cho vic lu tr cng nh cp nht thng tin cho cc loi bn nhanh chng hn v chnh xc hn, d liu bn c lu di dng file s trn cc bng t ( cng my tnh) hay a CD, DVD v c th hin di dng hnh nh thng qua mn hnh my tnh, hay my chiu v.v nc ta cng ngh vin thm c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc nh: nng lm nghip (thnh lp bn cy trng, thnh lp bn rng, thnh lp bn hin trng s dng t), cp nht v thnh lp bn , bo v mi trng v phng chng thin tai u th ca cng ngh vin thm so vi phng php truyn thng l nh chp ph trn vng rng vi chu k lp rt ngn (ti a 26 ngy ty thuc v tinh), i tng c th hin trn nh r rng (ty thuc vo phn gii nh). Thng thng d liu vin thm sau khi x l s c chuyn v dng d liu ng nht vi cc d liu sn c trong c s d liu bn (khun dng v ta ), t c th chng lp chnh xc Raster (nh vin thm) vi cc lp d liu vector (ang c lu tr v cn c cp nht trn bn ), iu gip tit kim chi ph rt nhiu khi tch hp 2 cng ngh (cng ngh s v cng ngh vin thm) trong vic cp nht d liu khng gian. C th ni rng y l phng php r v nhanh nht thu c thng tin mi nht trong mt khu vc rng ln.

Xut pht t thc t , Tnh Long An, mt trong nhng Tnh thnh ang thc hin d n nh gi chnh xc khi s dng nh hng khng phn gii cao thnh lp bn a chnh, cng s chp thun ca Thy Phan Vn Tun ng dng Cng ngh Vin thm nn em quyt nh thc hin ti: nh gi chnh xc khi s dng nh hng khng phn gii cao thnh lp bn a chnh. bn a chnh t l 1:2000 khu vc x An Lc Long, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Long An.

Thi gian thc hin ti: t ngy 05/05/2014 n ngy 09/06/2014.T VN Bn a chnh l ti liu quan trng khng th thiu c trong s nghip pht trin kinh t x hi v an ninh quc phng ca Quc gia, ng thi l ti liu lm bn nn cho vic xy dng h thng bn chuyn v c s dng lm ngun xy dng h thng c s d liu khng gian cho vng, lnh th, quc gia v.v Bn a chnh sau mt thi gian s dng thng tin trn bn khng cn ph hp so vi thc t, khng phn nh ng hin trng trn b mt t, hin chnh bn a chnh l phng n c chn gii quyt vn , vic hin chnh bn a hnh gip cho vic cp nht thng tin nhanh chng hn, vi chi ph thp hn so vi thnh lp mi.

Vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, cng ngh s ra i vi nhng bc tin nhy vt gip cho vic lu tr cng nh cp nht thng tin cho cc loi bn nhanh chng hn v chnh xc hn, d liu bn c lu di dng file s trn cc bng t ( cng my tnh) hay a CD, DVD v c th hin di dng hnh nh thng qua mn hnh my tnh, hay my chiu v.v

nc ta cng ngh vin thm c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc nh: nng lm nghip (thnh lp bn cy trng, thnh lp bn rng, thnh lp bn hin trng s dng t), cp nht v thnh lp bn , bo v mi trng v phng chng thin tai u th ca cng ngh vin thm so vi phng php truyn thng l nh chp ph trn vng rng vi chu k lp rt ngn (ti a 26 ngy ty thuc v tinh), i tng c th hin trn nh r rng (ty thuc vo phn gii nh). Thng thng d liu vin thm sau khi x l s c chuyn v dng d liu ng nht vi cc d liu sn c trong c s d liu bn (khun dng v ta ), t c th chng lp chnh xc Raster (nh vin thm) vi cc lp d liu vector (ang c lu tr v cn c cp nht trn bn ), iu gip tit kim chi ph rt nhiu khi tch hp 2 cng ngh (cng ngh s v cng ngh vin thm) trong vic cp nht d liu khng gian. C th ni rng y l phng php r v nhanh nht thu c thng tin mi nht trong mt khu vc rng ln.

Xut pht t thc t , Tnh Long An, mt trong nhng Tnh thnh ang thc hin d n nh gi chnh xc khi s dng nh hng khng phn gii cao thnh lp bn a chnh, cng s chp thun ca Thy Phan Vn Tun ng dng Cng ngh Vin thm nn em quyt nh thc hin ti: nh gi chnh xc khi s dng nh hng khng phn gii cao thnh lp bn a chnh. bn a chnh t l 1:2000 khu vc x An Lc Long, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Long An.

Thi gian thc hin ti: t ngy 05/05/2014 n ngy 09/06/2014.Phn I : MICROSTATIONGII THIU H THNG PHN MM MICROSTATION V MAPPING OFFICEKhi nin v phn mm c dng s ha, bin tp cc bn s t bn giy bao gm : Microstation, IRASB, GEOVEC MSFC, MRFCLEAN, MRFFLAG.1. Microstation :Microstation l phn mm h tr thit k v l mi trng ha rt mnh cho php xy dng, qun l cc i tng ha th hin cc yu t bn . Microstation cn c s dng lm nn cho cc ng dng khc nh Geovec, IrasB, MSFC, MrFclean, Mrfflag chy trn .Cc cng c ca Microsation c s dng s ha cc i tng trn nnnh(raster), chnh sa, bin tp d liu v trnh by bn .Microstation cn cung cp cng c nhp, xut d liu ha t cc phn mm khc nhau qua cc file *.DXF, *.DWG.2. IrasBIrasB l phn mm hin th bin tp d liu t raster di dng cc nh en trng (Black and white Image) v c hcy trn nn Microstation. Mc d d liu IrasB v Microstation c th hin trn cng mt mn hnh nhng n hon ton c lp vi nhau. Ngha l s thay i d liu phn ny khng lm nh hng n d liu phn kia.Ngoi vic th hin cc files nh bn phc v qu trnh s ho trn n, cng c warp ca IrasB c s dng dng nn cc file nh raster t ta hnh ct ca cc pixcel v ta thc ca bn .3. Geovec :Geovec l phn mm chy trn nn Microstation cung cp cc cng c s ha bn t ng, cc i tng trn nn nh en trng (binary) vi nh dng ca Intergraph. Mi mt i tng s ha bng geovec phi c nh ngha trc cc thng s ha v mu sc, lp thng tin, khi c i tng ny c gi l Feture. Mi mt feture c mt tn v m s ring.Trong qu trnh s ha, Geovec s dng nhiu s ha cc yu t dngng.4. MSFCMSFC (MicroStation Feature Collection) Modul cho php dng khai bo v t cc c tnh ha cho cc lp thng tin khc nhau ca bn phc v cho qu trnh s ha. c bit l qu trnh s ha trong Geovec. Ngoi ra MSFC cn cung cp mt lot cc cng c s ha bn trn nn MicroStation. MFSC c s dng : to bng phn lp v nh ngha cc thuc tnh ha cho i tng. Qun l cc i tng cho qu trnh s ha.Lc im v lm trn ng i vi cc i tng ng ring l.5. MRCFLEANMRFCLEAN c vit bng MDI (MicroStation Development Language) v chy trn nn Micostation. MRCLEAN dng :Kim tra li t ng, nhn din v nh du v tr cc im cui t do bng mt k hiu (ch D, X, S).Xa nhng ng, nhng im trng nhau.Ct : tch mt ng thnh 2 ng ti giao im vi ng khc.T ng loi b c ng tha c di nh hn Dangle_factornhn viTolerence.6. MRFFLAGMRFFLAG c thit k tng hp vi MRFClean, dng t ng hin th ln mn hnh ln lt cc v tr c li m MRFClean nh du trc v ngi dng s s dng cc cng c ca McroStation sa.A. S DNG CC CNG C TRONG MICROSTATION TRONG VIC THNH LP BN A CHNHMicrostation l mt phn mm tr gip thit k v l mi trng ha rt mnh cho php ta thao tc, qun l cc i tng graphic th hin cc i tng trn bn a chnh. i tng ho c phn lp (theo level) v c thuc tnh hin th tng ng vi cc i tng trn bn . Cc lp thng tin chnh ca mt bn a chnh bao gm :Ranh gii thaRanh gii cc cng trnh xy dng quan trngH thng thu vnH thng giao thnga giia danhCc a vt quan trng.Cc lp thng tinh ny c th hin bng cc loi i tng tng ng trong Microstation nh:on thng (Line )ng thng gp khc (Line String )im (Point, Cell )Vng (Shape, Complex Shape )Ghi ch, ch thch (text )Quy trnh c bn khi to mt i tng ca bn a chnh :Xc nh lp thng tin th hin i tng cn toKhai bo cc thuc tnh hin th i tng (lc nt, kiu ng, mu..)S dng cc cng c v trong Mstn to i tngS dng cc cng sa cha trong Mstn sa cha i tng nu cn Phn mnh v t phin hiu mnh bn a hnh:

Hnh I.1 S phn mnh bn h ta quc gia VN-2000

I.1.1. C s php l

Thit k k thut v d ton Hin chnh bn a hnh bng nh v tinh t l 1:10000, 1:25000 v 1:50000 khu vc Bc B, ven bin Trung B v ng Nam B c B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng ph duyt theo quyt nh s 1726/Q-BTNMT ngy 21 thng 11 nm 2006. Quy trnh hin chnh bn a hnh bng nh v tinh do Tng Cc a Chnh (nay l B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng) ban hnh nm 2002. Quy phm hin chnh bn a hnh t l 1:10000, 1:20000, 1:50000 do Cc o c v Bn Nh Nc (nay l B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng) ban hnh nm 1989. Quy phm thnh lp bn a hnh t l 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, 1:10 000 v 1:25 000 (phn ngoi tri v phn trong nh) do Cc o c v Bn Nh Nc (nay l B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng) ban hnh nm 1990. K hiu bn a hnh t l 1:10 000, 1:25 000 do Tng Cc a Chnh (nay l B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng) ban hnh nm 1995. Quyt nh s 83/Q-TTCP ngy 12 thng 7 nm 2000 ca Th Tng Chnh Ph v s dng h quy chiu v h to Quc gia VN2000. Thng t s 973/2001/TT-TCC ngy 20 thng 06 nm 2001 ca Tng Cc a Chnh (nay l B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng) v vic hng dn p dng h quy chiu v h to Quc gia VN2000. Thng t s 02/2007 TT-BTMT ca B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng k ngy 12 thng 02 nm 2007 hng dn kim tra, thm nh v nghim thu cng trnh, sn phm o c v bn .I.1.2. C s thc tin Trong qu trnh pht trin kinh t x hi, nhu cu thng tin v cc vn lin quan n iu tra nghin cu c bn, qun l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin, mi trng, thin tail mt iu tt yu. Cng ngh vin thm c kh nng cung cp ngun thng tin y , kp thi, chnh xcp ng yu cu trong cng tc thnh lp bn c bit l trong cng tc hin chnh bn a hnh quc gia t l 1:25000. I.2. Khi qut a bn nghin cu:I.2.1. iu kin t nhin1. Din tch: 6.856 km22. V tr a l:Tnh Long An tip gip vi Thnh ph H Ch Minh v tnh Ty Ninh v pha ng, gip vi Vng Quc Campuchia v pha Bc, gip vi tnh ng Thp v pha Ty v gip tnh Tin Giang v pha Nam.

Din tch t nhin ca ton tnh l 449.194,49 ha, dn s 1.542.606 (theo s liu dn s tnh n thng 5 nm 2013).Ta a l : 105030' 30'' n 106047' 02'' kinh ng v 10023' 40'' n 11002' 00'' v Bc.

Tnh Long An c 15 n v hnh chnh trc thuc, bao gm cc huyn: c Hu, c Ha, Bn Lc, Cn c, Cn Giuc, Th Tha, Tn Tr, Chu Thnh, Thnh Ha, Tn Thnh, Mc Ha, Vnh Hng, Tn Hng, th x Kin Tng v thnh ph Tn An; c 192 n v hnh chnh cp x, gm 166 x, 12 phng v 14 th trn.3. a hnh:a hnh vng lnh th tnh Long An c th xp vo loi cao nguyn pha bc v ng Bc, dng a hnh i, thp dn v pha Ty v Ty Nam. Tng din tch t nhin: 685.735 ha

t nng nghip: 470.000 ha.

t : 251 ha.

t lm nghip 170.000 ha.

t chuyn dng v t cha s dng 45.484 ha.

2. a hnh, a mo:

- c im a hnh x An Lc Long cng l c im chung ca a hnh th x Tn An. Ti y, a hnh c bi p lin tc v u n dn n s to thnh ng bng c b mt phng v nm ngang kh in hnh.

- Khu vc x An Lc Longthuc vng t cao trung bnh ca huyn Chu Thnh. Cao bin i t 0,5 1,2m.

+ cao max: +1,2m

+ cao min: +0,5m

+ cao trung bnh: +0,7m

Hu ht phn t khng b ngp ng, ri rc c nhng im trng hp mang tnh cc b ngp nc v ma ma phn b ven cc sng rch.

3. Kh hu:

X An Vnh Ngi nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma cn xch o, t gi bo ln, nn nhit cao v n nh. Kh hu chia lm 2 ma r rt.

- Ma ma t thng 5 n thng 11.

- Ma kh t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau.

4. Cnh quan v mi trng:

- Cnh quan ca x An Lc Long mang nt chung ca cnh quan th ng bng Nam B ang trong qu trnh th ha, chuyn dn t canh tc la nc sang cuc sng mang dng dp ca th vi nhiu thnh phn v nhiu ngnh kinh t khc nhau. qu trnh pht trin s pht sinh nhiu vn v mi trng sinh thi. x An Lc Long, tuy cha c biu hin g v mi trng sinh thi nhng cn lu n cht thi sinh hot, phn bn ha hc v thuc bo v thc vt, cht thy trong chn nui.

iu kin kinh t - x hi

1. Thc trng pht trin kinh t:

X An Lc Long nm pha ng Nam th x Tn An c tng din tch t nhin 681.03ha, dn s nm 2008 l 4.888 ngi, mt dn s 697,9 ngi/km2.

- V mt hnh chnh, x c 3 p vi 1.071 h.

- Hin ti, c cu kinh t x An Lc Long ch yu l nng nghip, ngi dn sng bng nng nghip l chnh. Ngnh tiu th cng nghip v dch v c pht trin nhng cn nh l, cha tng xng vi mt x ven .a. Ngnh nng nghip:

Nng nghip v s l ngnh kinh t quan trng nht x An Lc Long.

- V trng trt: cy la vn l cy trng ch o vi nng sut 5,5 -6,0 t/ha/v (2008). Sn lng la nm 2008 t 2.447,5 tn. Nng sut, sn lng la x An Vnh Ngi khng n nh do tc ng ca thi tit.

Hin nay, nng dn trong x p dng nhng tin b KH KT trong trng trt nh a ging mi nng sut cao, n nh, chng c su, bnh v c gi tr xut khu.

- V chn nui: y l phn ngnh quan trng th 2 sau trng trt. Nm 2013, ton x c 4.436 con heo, 506 con b, 12 con d v 89.404 con g, vt. Ngnh chn nui cung cp mt lng ln tht, trng, ging cho a phng v huyn.

- V kinh t vn: Hin nay hu ht l vn tp khng c ngha v kinh t m ch yu l khai thc t nhin, to cnh quan v t cung t cp. Trong tng lai, t vn s thu hp li do s gia tng dn s v th ha. V vy, cn ci to vn tp thnh vn chuyn canh tng gi tr kinh t, tng thu nhp cho nng dn.

b. Ngnh cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip :

- X An Lc Long l mt x ca ng ca tnh Long An v huyn Chu Thnh nhng tiu th cng nghip cn nh l, pht trin mc n gin. Hin ti c 02 c s xay xt la, 01 x nghip may, 02 xng ca x g, 03 x nghip ch bin ht iu. Mt s h ch bin lng thc bng th cng. Ngoi ra mt b phn lao ng trong x lm xy dng v lm cng nhn trong cc x nghip. Trong tng lai, phi to mi trng m rng ngnh ngh, tng bc nng cao t trng tiu th cng nghip trong c cu kinh t ca x.

c. Ngnh thng mi dch v:

- X An Lc Long l x nng nghip, nm trn trc ng Chu Th Kim (Tnh l 22 c) nhng mc giao lu nh v khng c im dng nn thng mi dch v pht trin chm. Ton x c 50 h bun bn hng tp ha v dch v n ung, gii kht.

d. i sng dn c:

- Trong nhng nm i mi, khi bc sang nn kinh t nhiu thnh phn theo c ch th trng, i sng dn c trong x khng ngng c ci thin. T l h kh ton x chim 50%, h trung bnh chim 42% v h ngho chim 8%.

- Ton x c 100% s h c phng tin nghe nhn, 100% s h c xe my, 99% s h dng nc sch v 100% s h s dng in.

I.4.2. Tnh hnh qun l thng tin t ai trn a bn nghin cu- n ngy 01/01/2009, ton x hon thnh vic thng k, kim k t ai theo hng dn thng t 08/2006/TTBTNMT.- Cng tc ng k cp GCNQSD t c thnh qu kh quan trng. Trong cc nm qua, ton x c 4.050 tha t, trong c 2.490 c cp GCNQSD. iu ny phn nh c tnh hnh giao t, qun l, s dng t a phng kh hon chnh v hp l. Trang b phng tin lm vic v lu tr bn v h s a chnh s khng c, bn s ch yu lu tr th x.

Ni dung nghin cu, phng php v quy trnh thc hin

I.2.2. Ni dung nghin cu ti nghin cu vic s dng nh v tinh phn gii cao, phc v cho cng tc hin chnh bn a chnh t l 1:2000 thuc khu vc x An Lc Long, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Long An. Ni dung nghin cu ca ti c th hin qua cc bc sau:1. Thnh lp bnh nh v tinh.

2. Lp bn gc chnh sa.

3. iu v nh v tinh.4. S ha bn a chnh bng phn mm Microstation.

5. Kim tra, nghim thu sn phm v giao np thnh qu.

I.2.3. Phng php nghin cuQu trnh nghin cu ti em s dng cc phng php sau: Phng php s kt hp vi phng php tng t: Khi thnh lp bnh nh v tinh thc hin bng phng php s, khu iu v, chnh sa bn gc hin chnh thc hin bng phng php truyn thng (bng mt v bng tay). Phng php trc GPS: s dng my o GPS c chnh xc cao o im khng ch nh ngoi nghip.

Phng php bn : l phng php th hin kt qu nghin cu, ni dung nghin cu khng bng bn nhm phn nh v minh ha kt qu nghin cu. Phng php vin thm: ng dng nh v tinh phn gii cao phc v cho cng tc hin chnh bn a chnh..

Phng php chuyn gia: tham kho kin ca cc chuyn gia, ngi c kinh nghim, hiu bit v a bn nghin cu cng nh trong lnh vc dng nh v tinh hin chnh bn a hnh. Phng php ng dng cng ngh tin hc: ng dng cc phn mm tin hc chuyn ngnh phc v cho cng tc hin chnh bn a chnh.I.2.4. Phng tin nghin cu:

H thng my tnh: Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.00GHz, 2.0 GHz of RAM, 256 MB of VGA, 17 monitor, keyboard, mouse.

Khi qut phn mm dng trong nghin cu:

Mapping office gm nm phn mm ng dng c tch hp trong mt mi trng thng nht, phc v cho vic thu thp v duy tr d liu, cc phn mm thnh phn l:

+ MicroStation SE l mi trng ho cao cp lm nn chy cc phn mm ng dng cn li ca mapping office. Cc cng c lm vic vi i tng ho trong MicroStation rt y v mnh, gip thao tc vi d liu ho nhanh, n gin, giao din rt thun tin cho ngi s dng.

+ MGE-PC V.2 s dng cho vic thu thp, duy tr d liu, to cc bn chuyn , hi p, phn tch vng v phn tch khng gian. C s d liu c xy dng trn nn ngn ng hi p SQL. MGE-PC c th chy cng cc h qun tr c s d liu ph dng khc nh D-Base, FoxPro, hoc cc h qun tr c s d liu SQL thng dng khc trn th trng.

+ I/RAS C cung cp y cc chc nng phc v cho vic hin th v s l nh hng khng, nh vin thm thng qua my qut nh hoc c trc tip nu l nh s. I/RAS C cho php ngi s dng cng mt lc c th kt hp iu khin v thao tc vi c hai dng d liu raster v vector. Kh nng ny rt tt khi ngi s dng tin hnh s ho trn mn hnh.

+ I/RAS B l h phn mm hin th v bin tp d liu raster (nh en trng - black and white image), cc cng c trong I/RAS B s dng lm sch cc nh c qut vo t ti liu c, cp nht cc bn v c bng cc thng tin mi, phc v cho phn mm vector ho bn t ng I/GEOVEC chuyn i t d liu raster sang vector. I/RAS B cng cho php ngi s dng ng thi thao tc vi c hai dng d liu raster v vector trong cng mt mi trng.

+ I/GEOVEC thc hin vic chuyn i bn t ng d liu raster (dng Binary) sang vector theo cc i tng. Vi cng ngh dt ng bn t ng cao cp. I/GEOVEC gim c rt nhiu thi gian cho qu trnh s l chuyn i ti liu c sang dng s. I/GEOVEC c thit k vi giao din ngi dng rt thun tin.Trong ti nghin cu ch yu dng 3 trong 5 phn mm tch hp ca intergraph: MicroStation SE, I/RAS C, I/GEOVEC.I.2.5. Quy trnh hin chnh bn a hnh 1:2000Cng tc hin chnh bn a hnh bng nh v tinh c tin hnh theo qua trnh tng qut nh sau:

Hnh I.7 S quy trnh hin chnh bn a hnh bng nh v tinh.KT QU NGHIN CUI.3. Thnh lp bnh nh v tinh

Thnh lp bnh nh v tinh thc hin ch yu bng phng php s, qui trnh gm cc bc :

1. Nhp nh s, qut nh tng t.

2. Chn im khng ch nh.

3. Nn nh, ghp nh v ct mnh bnh nh.4. X l ph v trnh by khung bnh nh.

5. In bnh nh.I.3.2. Nhp d liu nh s T liu nh v tinh dng s c ng nhp vo h thng x l nh s t CDROM hoc t cng my tnh. nh v tinh dng phim nh c qut, s ha sau mi nhp vo h thng x l nh s. I.3.3. Chn im khng ch nh ngoi nghipim khng ch nh l cc im phc v vic m hnh ha nh v tinh. im khng ch nh c xc nh bng cc phng php sau: o c ngoi nghip (dng my GPS hoc my ton c in t). Xc nh t cc bn t l ln hn t l bn thnh lp. Xc nh t bn a hnh cng t l. Xc nh trc tip trn nh.

Yu cu v tr im khng ch nh trn thc a:

im khng ch nh phi tn ti n nh ngoi thc a trong thi gian thi cng, kim tra nghim thu, c hnh nh r rng trn nh, m bo nhn bit c vi chnh xc 0,5 Pixel, cc im khng ch phi ng cc g m bo tn ti trong thi gian thc hin cng trnh.im khng ch c chn ch yu l im khng ch v mt phng, o v bng nh lp th th y l cc im khng ch mt phng v cao kt hp, nn chn nhng im r rt trn nh hoc giao cho nhau nh ng ba, ng t ng, mng hoc cc a vt c lp nh gia cu, cng v.vS lng im khng ch:

S lng im khng ch ph thuc phng php m hnh ha: m hnh ha nh v tinh theo m hnh vt l cn xc nh cho mi m hnh 7 n 12 im khng ch nh, m hnh ha a thc cn trn 12 im khng ch nh.im khng ch nh c v bng mc mu , tm vng trn l l chch 0,15mm trn nh i vi im chch ti thc a. Mt sau ca nh ghi ch bng nt ch mu en s ghi ch im (v phng hnh nh ln 2 n 4 ln, nn s phi tng t trn nh, ghi ch r s hiu im, m t s phn b ca im chch).I.3.4. Nn nh, ghp nh v ct mnh bnh nh1. Nn nh

Khi nh hng ca chnh cao a hnh gy ra sai s dch v im nh khng ln qu 0,3mm t l bn thnh lp th c th p dng nn nh theo m hnh a thc, khi gi tr nh v im nh ln hn 0.3mm t l bnh nh thnh lp th phi p dng phng php nn nh c s dng m hnh s cao.Nn nh l qu trnh s l m thng qua ta gn nh vo file vector. Thc cht vic gn kt ny l vic n nh h thng to ca file vector vo to ca nh. Qu trnh s l khi nn nh c s dng cc im khng ch m ta thu thp tnh ton cho mt m hnh ton hc chuyn i t to nh sang h thng to ca file DGN. Ly mu thng l mt bc cn thit trong qu trnh nn nh. Ly mu l vic x l m thng qua cc gi tr pixel ca nh trn li mi c ni suy t cc gi tr ca cc pixel gc. Th tc ly mu ny l bt buc khi tin hnh qu trnh nn nh s dng cc m hnh chuyn i phi tuyn tnh.M hnh chuyn i l cc thut ton thc s dng cho qu trnh chuyn i t mt h to ngun sang mt h thng to khc thng qua cc im khng ch bit to . I/RAS C cung cp cho ngi dng cc m hnh chuyn i sau: Helmert, Affine, Projective v Polynomial Equations.+ Helmert: L m hnh chuyn i tuyn tnh c kh nng hiu chnh c s xoay, s dch chuyn, t l chiu di trn hai trc x v y l mt hng s. Php ly mu trong m hnh ny l tu chn.+ Affine: L m hnh chuyn i tuyn tnh c kh nng hiu chnh s xoay, s dch chuyn nghing v t l. M hnh chuyn i ny thng p dng cho cc nh vin thm. Php ly mu trong m hnh ny l tu chn.

+ Projective: L m hnh chuyn i s p v gn mt h thng li khng song song vo mt h li song song. M hnh chuyn i ny thng p dng cho cc nh hng khng. Php ly mu trong m hnh ny l bt buc.

+ Polynomial Equations: L m hnh chuyn i c xy dng trn cc cng thc ton hc phc tp. M hnh chuyn i ny ???c phn thnh nhiu bc khc nhau trn c s s m cao nht ca cc a thc chuyn i, bc 2 (2nd order), bc 3 (3rd order), bc 4 (4th order), bc 5 (5th order).

Cc m hnh bc cao khi p dng khng chc kt qu nn tt. Trong mt s trng hp th php nn bc 3, 4, 5 li khng cho c kt qu nn nh mong mun.Mi thut ton chuyn i ca mt m hnh khi p dng cho php nn cn mt s lng cc cp im khng ch nht nh. Di y lit k s lng cc cp im ti thiu cn c tng ng vi mi m hnh.S dng phn mm I/RAS C ta c th tin hnh vic nn nh nn vo h thng to ca file DGN trong mi trng ho MicroStation. Qu trnh nn nh c tin hnh qua cc bc sau.

M file DGN.

Thu nhp cc im khng ch bit to vo file DGN.

Hin th nh.

Ly mu nh (nu cn).

Thc hin php nn.a. M file DGN.

File DGN c m trong mi trng MicroStation v c dng nn nh cn tho mn cc yu cu sau:+ File DGN c to trn c s file SEED (h ta ) c khai bo chun v h thng to , php chiu bn bng modul phn mm MGE-PC (fiel SEED c to khi ta to mi mt Project trong MGE-PC).

+ Ton b cc tham s khc nh n v o di, o gc ... n v o trn h to phng, to a l ... c khai bo r rng v y .

khi ng mi trng lm vic, ta tm ca s I/RAS C (Common), kch p biu tng I/RAS C. Mi trng ho MicroStation t ng khi ng trc lm nn cho Enter First Point. Trong ca s MicroStation Manager ta m file DGN (nu n tn ti) hoc to file DGN mi trn c s file SEED chun khai bo.b. Thu nhp im khng ch vo file DGN. Sau khi m hoc to mi, file DGN s hin th trong ca s MicroStation. Trn mn hnh s c song song hai ca s lnh.

+ Ca s lnh MicroStation.

+ Ca s lnh I/RAS C.

S dng cng c Place Point (to im) ca MicroStation nhp vo file DGN cc im khng ch bit to . Qu trnh nhp cc im khng ch c tin hnh nh sau:

+ Trong ca s MicroStation chn Element xc nh mu (Color) v kch thc (Weight) cho im khng ch s nhp.

+ Chn cng c Place Point trong thanh cng c chnh (Main) ca MicroStation.

+ Trong ca s lnh MicroStation xut hin dng nhc ngi dng nhp vo to cc im khng ch. Trong dng lnh nhp gi tr to im khng ch (theo n v v nh dng to im nh khai bo c th l: xy=gi tr x, gi tr y), nhn xc nh im va nhp to vo file DGN.

Ln lt tin hnh cc bc trn vi cc im khng ch cn li.c. Hin th nh.

Trong ca s lnh I/RAS C vo thc n File chn Open. Cc bc m nh tip theo ging nh cc bc trong phn Hin th nh.

d. Nn nh.

Sau khi c file DGN vi y cc im khng ch cn thit, nh cn nn c m, tin hnh cc bc tip theo:

Chn lnh.

Trong thc n Geometry (ca s lnh I/RAS C), chn Image to Map.

Sau khi chn lnh MicroStation s t ng m 4 ca s sp xp cnh nhau theo th t View1 gc cao bn phi, View4 gc thp bn phi, View2 gc cao bn tri v View3 gc thp bn tri mn hnh. Hai ca s bn phi (View1, 4) hin th im khng ch cn xc nh trn nh raster, hai ca s bn tri (View2, 3) hin th im khng ch trong file vector.

Thu nhn cc im khng ch.

Trong qu trnh thu nhn cc im khng ch lun quan st cc dng nhc xut hin trong ca s lnh MicroStation.

- Trc ht, ta c nhc chn im khng ch tng ng - Approximate Control Point (im khng ch trn file DGN). Nhn phm Data ca chut trn vng ln cn c im khng ch trn View3.

- Sau khi nhn trn View3 vng ln cn cha im khng ch c t ng phng to ln v hin th trn View2, ng thi ta c nhc xc nh chnh xc im khng ch vector - Refined Control Point, y ta c th s dng cc lnh iu khin hin th (View Control) trong MicroStation thu phng tin cho vic xc nh im khng ch vector. S dng ch SNAP bt chnh xc vo im khng ch trn View2, nhn phm Data ca chut chp nhn im va xc nh.

- Cui cng ta c nhc xc nh im nn trn nh tng ng vi im khng ch vector trn file DGN - Approximate Input. Nhn phm Data ca chut trn View4 quanh vng ln cn trn nh cn xc nh im khng ch tng ng, khu vc ln cn c t ng phng to v hin th trn View1. S dng cc lnh hin th (View Control) trong MicroStation phng to khu vc nh cha im nn, xc nh chnh xc v tr im nn v dng phm Data ca chut t im nn trong View1.

Lp li th t cc bc trn cho cc im khng ch cn li.

Khi thu nhn s lng im khng ch ti thiu cn cho mt m hnh, I/RAS C s tr gip ta bng cch t ng xc nh v tr cc im nn tip theo trn nh sau khi ta xc nh c im khng ch vector trn file DGN. Ta c th chp nhn (nu chnh xc), hoc loi b xc nh li v tr im nn trn nh m I/RAS C t ng nh du. Trong qu trnh lm vic tt nht ta nn xc nh li im nn trn nh bng tay, iu ny m bo chnh xc cho php nn, ng thi bo m vic xc nh cc sai s chnh xc hn. nh gi sai s cc im khng ch thu nhn.

Trong qu trnh thu nhp cc im khng ch I/RAS C s t ng tnh ton v xc nh cc sai s xut hin khi xc nh v tr im khng ch, lch gia cc cp im, to im trn nh cng nh trn file DGN ...

Trong cc hp thoi s hin th c rt nhiu cc thng s lin quan ti php nn, ta cn c bit quan tm ti cc thng s sau:

+ Ton b cc dng sai s sau khi I/RAS C tnh ton.

+ Cc im khng ch c sai s qu ln.

+ M hnh chuyn i s dng khi nn nh.

+ Khu vc nh tin hnh nn.

e. Cc hp thoi xut hin trong qu trnh nn nh Hp thoi Residuals.Cc thng s, nt lnh, tu chn trong hp thoi Residuals.

+ #

Hin th s th t im khng ch.

+ TypeHin th kiu im khng ch.

+ X

Hin th gi tr to X ca im khng ch.

+ Y

Hin th gi tr to Y ca im khng ch.

+SSE(mu) Hin th sai s SSE cho cc im khng ch c chn.

+Std.Error Hin th sai s chun cho tp hp cc im khng ch c chn.

+ ModelNt tu chn xc nh kiu m hnh chuyn i s s dng.

+ DeleteNt lnh, khi chn nt ny s xo i im khng ch c chn.

+ FileNt lnh m hp thoi Warp File, ta c th lu ct file cha to cc im khng ch, lu cc thng tin nn vo file bo co.

Hp thoi Warp File:

+ Coodinate FileHin th ng dn th mc v tn file to . File ny cha to ca tp hp cc im khng ch thu nhp. Ta c th nhp trc tip tn file theo ng dn hoc dng nt Browse chn file.

+ Load

Nt lnh s dng m file to c.

+ Save

Nt lnh cho php lu ct file to hin thi.

Trong qu trnh nn nh tt nht nn lu li file to ca cc im khng ch.

+ Report FileHin th ng dn th mc v tn ca file bo co (Report File). File ny cha ton b cc thng tin hin th trong hp thoi Control Points c m nh dng ASCII. Ta c th nhp trc tip tn file theo ng dn hoc dng nt Browse chn file.

+ Save

Nt lnh lu file bo co.+ Close

Nt lnh ng hp thoi Warp File v quay tr v hp thoi Residuals.

+ Full Info

Nt lnh trong hp thoi Residuals m hp thoi Control Points. Hp thoi Control Points:+ Number of PointsHin th tng s cc im khng ch thu nhp.

+ Degrees of Freedom Hin th s bc t do. Mi mt m hnh chuyn i, cn c mt s lng im khng ch ti thiu. Mi cp to thu nhp thm ngoi s lng im ti thiu cn thit s lm tng thm 2 bc t do.

+ Standard ErrorHin th sai s chun tnh ton c cho mt tp hp cc im khng ch.

+ Model

Nt tu chn s dng xc nh m hnh chuyn i s s dng.

+ #

Hin th s th t im khng ch.

+ Type

Hin th kiu im khng ch.

+ Control (mu)X

Hin th gi tr to X ca im khng ch (tnh

bng n v chnh khai bo).

Y

Hin th gi tr to Y ca im khng ch (tnh

bng n v chnh khai bo).

+ Input (pixels)X

Hin th gi tr to X ca im khng ch (tnh

bng pixels).

Y

Hin th gi tr to Y ca im khng ch (tnh

bng pixels).

+ Weights

X

Hin th trng s to X ca im khng ch gi tr

mc nh l 1.000.

Y

Hin th trng s to Y ca im khng ch gi tr

mc nh l 1.000.+ Residuals (mu)X

Hin th sai s Residuals ca im khng ch theo to

X.

Y

Hin th sai s Residuals ca im khng ch theo to

Y.

+ SSE

Hin th sai s SSE (tnh bng n v chnh cho mi

im khng ch).

+ X Weight

Nhp gi tr trng s mi thay cho to X.

+ Y Weight

Nhp gi tr trng s mi thay cho to Y.

+ Apply WeightNt lnh cho php sa i trong s im khng ch

theo gi tr mi nhp.

Delete

Nt lnh xo i im khng ch c chn.

File

Nt lnh cho php ta lu hoc m file cha to im khng ch. N cng cho ta lu cc thng tin nn nh vo file bo co m ASCII. Nt ny cng thc hin chc nng nh nt lnh File trong hp thoi Residuals.OK Nt lnh trong hp thoi Residuals thc hin lnh nn v m hp thoi Image to Map. Hp thoi Image to Map

Model

Hin th m hnh chuyn i.

Resampling

Hp kim tra xc nh c ly mu hay khng

ch s dng cho 2 m hnh Helmert v Affine).

Hp Resampling MethodCh nh phng php ly mu c s dng.

Hp Sourse

Ch nh khu vc nn nh.

- Entire ImageKhi nh du tu chn ny, php nn s

c p dng cho c nh.

- Rectangle

Khi nh du tu chn ny, I/RAS C s yu cu ta xc nh khu vc nn bng cch nh du 2 im, php nn s c tin hnh trn mt khu vc .

Hp Fill Color

Ch nh mu t cho pixel.

- Pixel Size (mu)Xc nh gi tr kch thc pixel cho nh sau

khi nn.

- Input Image

Hin th tn file nh s nn.

- Output ImageHin th tn file nh sau khi nn. Mc nh, I/RAS C s ly tn file nh gc vi phn m rng l ITM. Ta c th thay i tn file nh sau khi nn.

OK

Nt lnh thc hin lnh Nn.Sn phm nh s nn phi t chnh xc cao hnh hc so vi bn cng t l nh sau:

0,4mm so vi cc a vt r rng, 0,6mm i vi cc a vt khng r rng, sai s tip bin a vt gia cc mnh nn phi 0,7mm vng ng bng v 1,0mm vng ni.

Trng hp mnh bn khng nm trn trn mt cnh nh v tinh m ph kn n phi dng mt s cnh nh v tinh th phi tin hnh ghp cc cnh nh v tinh ny. 2. Ghp nh- lnh MergeTrong qu trnh s ho trn nh, i khi ta cn phi ghp cc nh li vi nhau, lnh Merge ca I/RAS C c s dng to ra mt nh n t 2 nh i. Hai nh n ghp cn tho mn cc iu kin sau.

+ Cng kiu (mu hoc en trng).

+ Cng hng dng qut.

Ta c th dng lnh View Header xem cc c im ny.

Hai nh n c th khc nhau v t l, kch thc pixel, hng xoay ... trong qu trnh s l I/RAS C s hin th cc thng bo tnh trng c th ca nh.

Qu trnh ghp nh c tin hnh qua cc bc sau:

Trong thc n Tools chn lnh Merge.

Select Bottom Image - Chn y nh, nhn phm Data ca chut trn nh chn.

Accept/Reject- Nhn phm Data ca chut chp nhn vic chn y nh (phm Reset loi b).

Select Top Image - Chn u nh, nhn phm Data ca chut trn nh chn.

Accept/Reject- Nhn phm Data ca chut chp nhn vic chn u nh (phm Reset loi b).

Nu hai nh ghp khc nhau v t l s xut hin hp thoi Merge Warning.

Bm phm OK trong hp thoi Merge Warning tip tc vic ghp nh. Bm Cancel nu mun thot khi lnh Merge. Khi bm phm OK xut hin hp thoi Merge.

Nu ta mun tro u v y nh bm chn nt Swap trong hp thoi Merge.

Trong hp text Output Image, ta nhp tn cho file nh sau khi ghp.

Sai s ghp mnh trong ni b mnh 1mm vng ng bng trn t l bn hin chnh, 1,5mm vng ni cao.

Tng mu hai bn vt ghp phi tng i ng u, phi tin hnh dn tng mu trong hnh lang 60 pixel xung quanh vt ghp.

Vt ghp khng c i qua cc im khng ch, vt ghp phi i qua cc im a vt c sai s tip khp nh nht, khng c ct theo a vt hnh tuyn, thng thng gc kp gia cc vt ghp v a vt hnh tuyn trong khong t 300 n 1500.Bnh nh c ct mnh phi theo danh php mnh bn , hnh nh ct chm ra ngoi khung ta a l t nht 8mm t l bn thnh lp.

Bnh nh sau khi ghp, ct mnh phi c kim tra.

I.3.5. X l ph v trnh by khung nhBnh nh v tinh sau khi c ghp ct mnh cn phi c x l ph mc hin th mn hnh sau lu dng file nh s, x l ph p dng cc phng php dn tuyn tnh, iu chnh tng tc v cc phng php khc, nng cao cht lng nh cn tin hnh mt s cng vic sau:Chng ghp nh ph mu v ton sc (chng ghp nh ton sc (P) phn gii 2,5m vi nh a ph (XS) phn gii 10m ng cnh, bng vic ly nh XS to kch thc Pixel 2,5x2,5m ).

Hnh II.7 nh v tinh sau khi s dng I/RAS CKhung bnh phi c trnh by theo quy inh chung i vi bnh nh. Phn ghi ch ngoi khung phi gm cc thng tin sau:

II.2. Lp bn gc chnh sai vi bn ti liu l loi bn VN 2000, bn gc chnh sa l bn s v in ra giy lm Maket bin i, i vi loi bn ti liu l loi bn HN 72 dng s, th khi lp bn gc hin chnh s phi tin hnh chuyn i h quy chiu v phi ghp mnh v VN 2000 v cng c in ra giy lm Maket bin i.

Bn gc chnh sa l bn s mnh 155575-9 DC9 thuc h ta VN 2000 v c in ra giy lm Maket bin i:

Chuyn v cc yu t a giiBin gii quc gia, a gii hnh chnh.

Trn bn phi th hin y ng bin gii quc gia, a gii hnh chnh cc cp theo ng v thng nht vi cc ti liu php l ca nh nc v bin gii v a gii hnh chnh. Trng hp cc cp a gii trng nhau th th hin a gii hnh chnh ca cp cao nht.

Ghi ch cc thng s Ghi ch a danh v cc ghi ch cn thit khc

Ghi ch a danh trn bn thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut, trng hp vn bn quy phm php lut cha quy nh th thc hin theo cc vn bn qun l hnh chnh ca UBND cp c thm quyn.

Ghi ch tn, ghi ch gii thch, ghi ch s liu v cc ghi ch khc trn bn thc hin theo quy nh ca k hiu v quy nh k thut s ha bn a hnh t l tng ng.II.1.6. iu tra, kho st ngoi nghipiu v ngoi nghip: (C th trc hoc sau khi iu v ni nghip)

+ Kho st tng quan.

+ Kim tra kt qu iu v ni nghip v iu v b sung.

iu v ngoi nghip theo 2 phng n: iu v theo tuyn v iu v dy c; iu v mt t v iu v my bay.

Yu cu ca iu v theo tuyn:C th gii on phn cn li ca nh sau khi kt thc t kho st.

Cc tuyn iu v phi thun tin khi thi cng, thng l theo cc ng giao thng.Cng tc thc a c nhim v sau:

Kim tra li kt qu iu v ni nghip, kt qu phn loi nh. Xc minh nhng i tng cn nghi vn khi iu v ni nghip. iu v nhng i tng b che khut bi cc i tng khc.

iu v b sung nhng i tng mi xut hin sau khi chp nh.

iu tra thng s ca cc i tng a vt.

iu tra cc thng s cc a vt quan trng.

Trong k thut vin thm, cng tc thc a quyt nh 60- 70% chnh xc ca kt qu iu v v phn loi nh.Kt qu iu v ngoi nghip: Ghi ch tn, thuc tnh sng, sui, ao, h (h Sui Cam, H Sui).

Ghi ch tn cu, ng, thuc tnh cu, ng. iu v trng hc, bnh vin, trm y t x. iu v cha, nh th v ghi ch tn cha, nh th. iu v knh mng p cao.

iu v ng dy in v ghi ch thuc tnh.

iu v tng ro v ghi ch tn cc cng trnh kinh t, x hi. II.2. S ha bn a hnh bng phn mm Microstation, I/Geovec To file c s cho bn cn s ha 1. Nn nh

Bnh nh sau hin chnh em qut di dng nh s (*.tif) v c nn chnh v ng ta , vic nn chnh c thc hin bng phn mm IRASC chy trn nn Microstation. Cc bc thc hin:

Bc 1: khi ng IRASC thng qua Micro Utilitiles/MDL Application/IRASC

Hnh II.19 Khi ng IRAC . Bc 2: m nh (File/Open chn ng dn n th mc cha nh) v khi ng cng c nn nh Geomatry/Image to Map Hnh II.20 Khi ng cng c nn nh. Bc 3: tin hnh nn nh

Hnh II.21 V theo ranh gii nh.Sai s nh v 4 gc khung bn v nn hnh nh theo cc im khng ch ta trc a 2.5m; theo cc im i l mt li km 3.75m. Sai s kch thc bn sau khi nn so vi kch thc l thuyt v cnh khung 5m, ng cho 7.5m.ng dng modul MSFC (ca I/Geovec) qun l cc i tng:

Qun l cc i tng (Manage Features) S dng Feature Table Editor to cc nhm i tng v cc i tng c th, sao chp, xo, khi phc c cc c tnh cho chng.

Khi ng MSFC

Trong mi trng MicroStation v I/RAS C ang c khi ng ta c th kch hot MSFC bng hai cch sau:- Trong du nhc lnh ca ca s lnh MicroStation g dng lnh

MDL L MSFC.- Hoc trong thc n Utilities ca ca s lnh MicroStation chn MDL Applications, xut hin hp thoi MDL.

Trong khung Available Applications ct Task ID chn MSFC. Bm chn nt Load trong khung Available Applications khi ng MSFC.Sau khi MSFC khi ng s c tn MSFC trong khung Loaded Applications ca hp thoi MDL.

2. S ho to i tng theo nh nn (Place Feature)

Hnh II.22 Ni hon chnh v to bn sa. Thy h v cc i tng lin quan:

Cc sng sui v ng b nc phi c s ha theo ng hnh nh c qut. Cc sng, knh mng 1 nt cng phi c s ha lin tc, khng t on. Mi mt nhnh sng c tn ring phi l on ring bit, khng s ha cc nhnh sng c tn khc nhau lin thnh 1 nt lin tc. ng b sng 2 nt khi s ho phi v lin tc khng ngt qung bi cc cu ph nh trn bn giy (khi ra phim ch in s bin tp li). Nhng on b sng, ao, h l ng giao thng hay p chn nc, b dc th c s ha thnh cc i tng tng ng v c th hin bng cc k hiu tng ng.

Cc sng, sui, knh, mng v mt nt phi bt lin vo h thng sng ngi v 2 nt, ti cc im bt ni phi c im nt (vertex).

Nn sng v nt i, ao h, cc bi ct chm, m ly l cc vng khp kn ng theo ng b nc. Trng hp cc vng nc qu ln hoc qu phc tp, th c th chia chng ra thnh cc vng nh lin k nhau, nhng khng c chng ln nhau.

Rung nui tm khng tri t-ram nh trn bn giy m lng (fill) mu l 7%.b. ng giao thng v cc i tng lin quan:

Cc i tng ng giao thng cng mt tnh cht phi c s ha lin tc, khng t on, k c cc on ng qua sng nt i, qua cu, qua cc ch ghi ch hay chy qua im dn c v cc a vt c lp khc (khi ch in s phi thm mt s th thut khc phc nhng vn ny).

Ch giao nhau ca cc ng giao thng (ng ba, ng t...) v na theo t l c php chng k hiu ng, khng phi tu chnh m bo tnh lin tc ca ng. Ti cc im ny phi c cc im nt (vertex).

ng giao thng cng nh cc a vt hnh tuyn khc khng c trng ln ng b nc hoc ng sng 1 nt. Trong trng hp cc k hiu ng ny i qu gn sng, chng c php dch chuyn sao cho cch sng hoc ng b nc 0,2 mm trn bn .

Cc ng nt i na theo t l phi c s ha vo gia tm ng v phi c biu th bng linestyle, khng c s ha 2 ln theo mp ng hoc dng cng c offset element hoc copy parallel v.

Cc ng 2 nt v theo t l nu 2 mp ng song song cch u nhau th dng cng c multi-line v. Trng hp 2 mp ng khng song song cch u nhau v cc ng ba, ng t c rng c th hin theo t l trn bn th s ha theo cc mp ng. Lng ng l vng khp kn ng theo mp ng.

Cc cu th hin bng k hiu na theo t l dng linestyle biu th, cn cc cu phi t l dng cell biu th.c. Dn c v cc i tng kinh t, vn ha, x hi:Khu dn c c th hin theo t l s cc ng bao ngoi (to vng sau) bt vo h thng giao thng, thy h, s cc nh c lp, cc i tng kinh t vn ha x hi nh: bu in, trm xng, bnh vin v.vCc ng bao lng, ngha trang l hng ro, tng vy v.v. phi s ha vo cc lp c ni dung tng ng, khng s ha vo lp ring.

ng dy in cc loi ngoi khu dn c chy lin tc dng linestyle biu th, trong khu dn c dng cell biu th k hiu ct vo nhng v tr tng ng.d. Bin gii, a gii hnh chnh cc cp, ranh gii (gi chung l a gii):Cc ng a gii phi l nhng ng lin tc t im giao nhau ny n im giao nhau khc v phi i theo ng v tr thc ca ng a gii, khng v qui c nh trn bn giy. V d, khi ng a gii trng vi sng 1 nt th on a gii phi trng kht vi sng 1 nt m khng v cho cnh s dc 2 bn sng nh trn bn giy (khi s ha phi copy on sng 1 nt sang lp a gii); nu ng a gii chy gia sng v 2 nt, th ng a gii c s ha thnh mt ng lin i gia sng (khng t on). Khi ra phim ch in offset, a gii s phi bin tp li theo qui nh ca bn trn giy

Cc trng hp a gii chy dc theo yu t hnh tuyn khc, v d nh ng giao thng, cng p dng nguyn tc nh trn.e. Thc vt :S tt c ranh thc vt ng theo nh iu v, cc ranh thc vt khi c s phi to thnh cc vng khp kn (ranh thc vt phi bt vo cc i tng giao thng hay sng sui)

Sa li, to vng v tri k hiu cho vng thc vt:Sa li v to vng:

Sau khi s ha, d liu l cc line cn c x l v chun ha thnh d liu bn , qu trnh hon thin v chun ha d liu da vo 3 modul: MRF Clean, MRF Flag, MRFPoly v tin hnh nh sau:To file thc vt mi dng lm file to vng, reference cc file thy h, giao thng, thc vt (ranh thc vt ), dn c. Copy cc line s c to vng v d sng hai nt, ao, h, tng ro, vng thc vt v.v chuyn tt c v lp 63.Sau khi to xong file, tin hnh sa li bng modul MRF Clean v MRF Flag nh sau:

Bc 1: khi ng MRF Clean

Bc 2: c cc thng s sa li

Bc 3: tin hnh sa li bng modul MRF Flag

Sau qu trnh sa li ta to vng cho cc i tng:

Khi ng MRF Poly ( Parameters ( xut hin hp thoi MRF polygon Parameters (dng line Work Opotion chn Keep Linework) ( MRF polygon.Bin tp v trnh by bn Chuyn cc i tng tham gia to vng v ng file, ng lp nh:1. Thy h: ao, h, sng hai nt v.v..

2. Giao thng: cc ng v theo t l v.v3. Dn c: khu vc c tng ro, khu khai thc , ngha trang v.v4. Thc vt: cc vng thc vt v k hiu km theo.

Cc i tng bn bn phi m bo tnh tng quan v v tr a l cng nh tnh thm m ca bn . Kim tra, nghim thu sn phm v giao np thnh quCng tc kim tra nghim thu cht lng bn s ho c t chc thc hin theo "Qui ch qun l cht lng cng trnh-sn phm o c bn " v "Hng dn kim tra k thut, nghim thu cng trnh - sn phm o c bn " ban hnh theo quyt nh s 657 Q/C v 658 Q/C ngy 4 thng 11 nm 1997 ca Tng cc trng Tng cc a chnh. Gm: bnh nh v tinh; kt qu iu v nh; bn hnh chnh dng s v dng in trn giy. Cc bin bn kim tra k thut v bin bn nghim thu sn phm phi c lp kp thi, ng s tht v m bo cc ni dung v quy cch nh yu cu ca H s nghim thu sn phm cng trnh.nh gi chnh xc chnh xc phn loi vng mu:Tin hnh phn loi vng mu trn bnh nh theo du hiu gii on, sau tin hnh kho st thc a cc mu nh c nh du (kho st theo tuyn), so snh mu nh v i tng ngoi thc t m t du hiu nhn bit trn nh (c chp nh i tng ngoi thc a), ng thi kho st cc mu c du hiu nhn bit ging mu i din nn chnh xc ca mu nh cao.

xc thc thng tin ca i tng kinh t x hi trn nh v tinh

xc thc thng tin ca i tng kinh t x hi trn nh v tinh lun ph thuc vo phn gii v thi gian bay chp ca nh.Hnh nh ca cc i tng a vt c lp nh trng hc, cha, y Ban lun trng khp vi nh v tinh t t l cao 100%, i vi thc vt t l trng khp gia nh v thc a l 80%, cc yu t khc th t 60%. chnh xc bn :

Bn a hnh c hin chnh bng cng ngh nh s vn m bo chnh xc theo mc 2 (c s ton hc v chnh xc ca bn a hnh),Quy nh K Thut Thnh Lp Bn a Hnh T L 1: 10000, 1: 25000 V 1:50000 Bng Cng Ngh nh S (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 15/2005/Q-BTNMT ngy 13/12/2005 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng).nh gi cht lng sn phm bn a hnh hin chnhSn phm bn sau hin chnh c kim tra c quan c tin hnh thng qua 2 cp: cp phng, cp Trung tm m bo c chnh xc theo qui nh hin hnh trc khi giao np sn phm.Sn phm bn sau hin chnh t cht lng cao c ng dng vo cc lnh vc c th sau: quc phng, ngun ti liu lm c s tin hnh qui hoch vng min, pht trin kinh t x hi

u v nhc khi s dng n hang

khng phn gii cao thnh lp bn a chnh t l ln.u im.Xut pht t kt qu hin chnh bn a chnh t l 1:2000 khu vc th x An Lc Long, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Long An cho php ta rt ra nhng kt lun sau: Thnh lp, hin chnh bn a chnh l iu v cng quan trong nhm p ng nhng nhu cu thc t nh pht trin kinh t x hi vng, min, khu vc. Nhng thng tin thu nhn c trong qu trnh hin chnh cn ngun ti liu nh gi nhng thay i trong c cu kinh t, bin ng t nhin - x hi, nhng thay i v mi trng, tc th ha v.v ng dng ca phng php vin thm trong hin chnh bn s a chnh l hon ton kh thi, em li hiu qu kinh t cao, m bo cp nht thng tin kp thi, nhanh chng cng nh chnh xc ca bn sau hin chnh.

Xy dng c nh hang khng ca khu vc th x An Lc Long phc v cho cng tc hin chnh. Kt qu iu v nh hang khng cn c dng trong nhng cng tc khc nh: thnh lp bn a chnh t l nh hn 1:2000, bn a gii tnh v.v Vic ng dng kt hp gia cng ngh s v cng ngh vin thm em li kt qu hin chnh chnh xc, nhanh chng v em li li nhun kinh t cao nht. Cp nht kp thi nhng thng tin thay i trn b mt t ln bn a hnh.

Khuyt im. y mnh vic kt hp cng ngh s vi cng ngh vin thm trong lnh vc bn ni chung v trong cng tc hin chnh bn ni ring. nh hn hin chnh i vi cc vng, min nhm p ng cng tc quy hoch lnh th trong cc giai on ngn hn v di hn. Cn a nh v tinh phn gii cao (QuickBird 0.62m) ng dng vo cng tc hin chnh tng chnh xc ca bn sau hin chnh, ng thi khai thc trit ngun thng tin c trong nh thng qua vic thnh lp bn chuyn c nh v tinh lm nn.

i vi khu vc th x An Lc Long, s dng bn t l 1:2000 ch th hin khi qut khu vc hin chnh cha p ng c mc chi tit (kinh t - x hi) ca khu vc hnh chnh tnh. o to ngun nhn lc c chuyn mn cao v x l nh v gii on nh v tinh phc v cho vic thnh lp bn v cc cng tc khc: kh hu, nghin cu bin, lm nghip v.v TI LIU THAM KHO1. Bi ging nng cao nghip v chuyn mn v Cng Ngh Vin Thm ng Dng Trong a Chnh v Bn . Nguyn Xun Lm. 1999. Trung Tm Vin Thm.

2. iu V nh V Tinh Vin Thm ng Dng Trong Qun L Ti Nguyn V Mi Trng.TH.S.Nghim Vn Tun. B Ti Nguyn V Mi Trng.

3. Gio trnh Bn hc. ng Quang Thnh. 2005. Khoa Qun L t ai v Th Trng Bt ng Sn trng i hc Nng Lm thnh ph H Ch Minh.

4. Gio trnh Cng Ngh Vin Thm. TS.Nguyn Vn Tn. 2005. Khoa Qun L t ai v Th Trng Bt ng Sn trng i hc Nng Lm thnh ph H Ch Minh.

5. Vin Thm. L Vn Trung. 2005. Trng i hc Bch Khoa. NXB i Hc Quc Gia TP H Ch Minh.

Kim tra, nghim thu sn phm v giao np kt qu.

Chuyn v v chnh sa bn gc hin chnh.

S ha bn bng phn mm Microstation.

iu tra, kho st ngoi nghip.

iu v ni nghip.

Thnh lp bnh nh v tinh.

Lp bn gc chnh sa.

Cng tc chun b v thit k.

B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

C S 2-TRNG I HC LM NGHIP

(((

TIU LUN

XY DNG BN S

Chuyn :

NH GI CHNH XC KHI X DNG NH HNG KHNG PHN GII CAO THNH LP BN A CHNH

Hc vin :Trn Vn Hng (NT) L Hong Phong

Trn Vn Dng Nguyn Cng Tun

V Nht Trng L nh Tun

Nguyn Trng Hng inh Khc Ti

Nguyn c o Trng Th Ngc Oanh

V Ngc Li Nguyn Hng Sn

Nguyn Cng Ch on Kim Quyn

Nguyn Thanh Tng L Th Kim Anh

Nguyn nh Xun PhongGV :Phan Vn TunLp:K5A- Xuyn McNin kha:2011-2015

Thng 06/2014

Gio Trnh Trc a TS.Nguyn Vn Tn Nm 2006 tr.18.

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