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By Prof. Walt Ayers
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1
UNCONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS
RESERVOIRS
PETE 612
FALL 2010
Lecture 11 A
“Tight Gas Resources, Reserves, and Production”
Walter B. Ayers, PhD
Tight Gas Topics
• Economic importance of tight gas sands
• Locations of USA tight gas basins
• Definitions of tight gas sands
• Controls on tight gas occurrence and
producibility
• Primary controls
• Secondary controls
• Models of tight gas reservoirs occurrence
• Characteristics of tight gas reservoirs
• Production and reserves
• Drilling, completion, stimulation techniques
• Challenges
2
Economides and Oligney, 2000
GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND TO 2020
U.S. Historic and Forecast Unconventional
Gas Production
EIA: Annual Energy Outlook 2005 with Projections to 2025, DOE Report #: DOE/EIA-0383(2005)
3
Region
Coalbed
Methane
(Tcf)
Shale
Gas
(Tcf)
Tight-Sand
Gas
(Tcf)
Total
(Tcf)
North America 3,017 3,842 1,371 8,228
Latin America 39 2,117 1,293 3,448
Western Europe 157 510 353 1,019
Central and Eastern Europe 118 39 78 235
Former Soviet Union 3,957 627 901 5,485
Middle East and North Africa 0 2,548 823 3,370
Sub-Saharan Africa 39 274 784 1,097
Centrally planned Asia and China 1,215 3,528 353 5,094
Pacific (Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development) 4702,313
705 3,487
Other Asia Pacific 0 314 549 862
South Asia 39 0 196 235
World 9,051 16,112 7,406 32,560
From Rogner, 1997
World Unconventional Gas Resources
Total U.S. Dry Natural Gas Discoveries per
Exploratory Gas Well Completion, 1977-2006
From EIA, 2007
Bcf
Dis
co
vere
d p
er
Exp
lora
tory
Well
Year
4
From Kuuskraa, 2007
Changes in Productivity of Unconventional
Gas Wells, 1996 - 2005
5
From Kuuskraa, 2007; with data from EIA
U.S. Gas Production, 1996 and 2006
U.S. Unconventional Gas Production, 1996 and 2006
From Kuuskraa, 2007
Ga
s P
rod
uc
tio
n (
Tc
f )
1.58x
1.64x
3.66x
6
From Kuuskraa, 2007
To
tal N
um
ber
of
Wells
U.S. Unconventional Gas Wells Drilled, by Year
http://www.adv-res.com/pdf/Tight-Sand-Basins.pdf
U.S. TIGHT SAND BASINS
7
http://www.adv-res.com/pdf/Annual-Tight-Sand-Production.pdf
Historic Tight Gas Production, by Basin
From Kuuskraa and Banks, 2007
(59%)
(65%)(71%)
1.58x
8
Comparison of Unconventional Gas Resource
Estimates, U.S. Lower- 48 States (Tcf)
From Kuuskraa and Banks, 2007
From Kuuskraa, 2007
To
tal N
um
ber
of
Wells
U.S. Unconventional Gas Wells Drilled, by Year
9
10
Henry Hub Natural Gas Prices,
2005 - 2009
Why has gas price
Dropped in the past
year?
What are the impacts of gas prices on the operators and their activities?
Henry Hub is the pricing point for natural gas futures contracts traded on the New York Mercantile
Exchange (NYMEX). It is a point on the natural gas pipeline system in Erath, Louisiana.
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/GASPRICE
http://www.oilnergy.com/1gnymex.htm
Henry Hub
Natural Gas
Prices
2010
11
NEXT:
“Primary Origins of Tight Gas Sands”