Tilburg University

Libraries, Publishers and LicensingPractical experiences and

Fundamental issues

Hans Geleijnse

Librarian

Tilburg University

The Netherlands

Tilburg University

Libraries and the “Journals Crisis”

• Number of journal publications is increasing

• Library can only subscribe to limited number of journals

• ILL is necessary

• Constant price increases, constant cancellations

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Journal Price Increases 1995-1999 and 1999 Prices (Dfl)

£ European Heart Journal 61,3 % 1189,-Biophysical Chemistry 111.4 % 4704,-

• J. of Research in Science Teaching 71,1 % 1603,-• Common Market Law Review 24,8 % 1045,-• Higher Education 43,0 % 1024,-• Astronomy and Astrophysics 49,8 % 5448,- • Europ.J. of Nuclear Medicine 44,0 % 2051,-• Renaissance Studies 38,7 % 281,-• Accounts of Chemical Research 48,8 % 620,-• J. of Applied Physics 39,5 % 5492,- • Science 29,3 % 797,-

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Access of electronic information through Internet is an opportunity

• To provide efficient end-user access to

scientific work

• To find more cost effective solutions for

access to journals

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Scholarly journals and publishers: important changes

• Paper distribution becomes less important

• Research results can be published electronically

• Latest research is already on the Web• Libraries are getting involved in these

developments

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Scientific journals and publishers: what remains?

• Selection of information

• Organisation of quality control

• Prestige for the individual researcher

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Relationship universities - publishers

• Academic research is usually funded by the

university (public funding)

• Copyright on the output is being transferred

to the publishers (in general for free)

• Universities / libraries have to buy back this

output from the publishers for a great deal of

money

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Current relationship libraries-publishers

• Relationship is still very much based on traditional roles in printed environment

• Publishers wish to maintain their turnover: different policies to accomplish that

• There will be new take-overs

• Who will act as intermediary between libraries and these publishers?

• Journals’ crisis is a dead-end street for all parties involved

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Electronic licensing

• Overview of some experiences with use of electronic journals

• The licensing issues

• The increasing importance of consortia

• Integration

• The need for a new business model

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Licensing experience at Tilburg University

• 1994: Tilburg University entered into a site-license agreement with Elsevier Science

• Experience with respect to access, integration, information on use, licensing

• Developments are going fast since 1998: more content available

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User Study: use of printed and electronic journals TU

• 24 - 37 % of the journals accounted for 80% of the use

• a high use of older volumes

• comparison of use of 83 economics journals: electronic versions were better used than printed versions

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Use of 140 Elsevier and Kluwer journals at TU

• Number of downloaded articles1997 1998 1999 (-Nov)

6,161 8,12211,967

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Pay per View Experiment

• 42 journals involved

• Total use January-August (Dfl. 10,-):76

• Total use September & October (For free): 258

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Tilburg University (electronic journals policy)

• Focus on content: only what we really need

• Integration: seamless linking between

reference database and full-text

• Full-text should be one click away from

reference

• From regular budget

• Move to Electronic Only (2001)

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Licensing

• No access to electronic files without a license agreement

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Good reasons to set some principles

• Publishers thought carefully about licensing, libraries didn’t

• Libraries should defend their rights

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Checklist and Guidelines

• Dutch Academic Libraries in cooperation with number of German libraries published “licensing principles”

• http://cwis.kub.nl/~dbi/english/license/licprinc.htm

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International Coalition of Library Consortia (ICOLC)

• Statement of Current Perspective and Preferred Practices (Electronic Information)

• Founded in March 1998

• http://www.library.yale.edu/consortia/statement.html

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Preferred Practice (I)

• Fair Use: unlimited viewing, downloading and printing

• Fair Use: Providers should allow e-information to be used to generate copies for non-commercial interlibrary loans between academic libraries

• Use in perpetuity• No ‘non-cancellation’ clauses

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Duration of license agreement

• 1 Year agreement: you pay a high price, but you can cancel

• 3 Year agreement: “lower” fixed price, but you should maintain your turnover

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Preferred Practice (II)

• Libraries should commit to take reasonable steps to prevent misuse or abuse

• Walk-in-use should be included• Library should be able to measure use and

gather management information• Anonymity of individual users and

confidentiality of searches must be protected

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Support for licensing principles

• Worldwide support: US, Canada, Europe, Australia, South Africa, China

• Regular ICOLC Conferences• Electronic Conferences: information

exchange• Increasing number of consortia also in

Europe• ICOLC Cranfield: 10 - 11 December ‘99

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Obstacles to move from print to electronic

• Guarantees on digital archiving

• Electronic should be available prior to printed editions

• Prices

• Ease of access (integration is preferred)

• ILL impediments

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Focus on content we really need

• Publishers prefer to make agreements on all of their journals

• Libraries used to emphasise selection and collection development: confine license agreement to the content we really need

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How to provide access?

• Non integrated access to different publishers and intermediaries

• One point of access to heterogeneous information from different sources (example: EC project Decomate http://www.echo.lu/libraries/en/projects/decomat2.html)

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Recommended library strategy

• Make core journals available electronically (through fair licenses)

• Don’t accept unreasonable price increases and monitor use

• Support electronic publishing by researchers• Stimulate discussion on copyright within your

own institution

• Fundamental discussion with publishers

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Library and university initiatives and the need for a new business model

• Universities will stimulate electronic publishing and will make their publications available on the Internet

• Publishers can add value to documents available on university servers

• Libraries are prepared to pay for added value• This will require a new business model• New relationship between

universities/authors/libraries and publishers will be inevitable