Time Dependent Variation Of Level Of Service On Madhya ... · Time Dependent Variation Of Level Of Service On Madhya Marg, Chandigarh Lalit Dhalk, Pardeep Kumar Gupta Student, Professor

© IJEDR 2019 | Volume 7, Issue 2 | ISSN: 2321-9939

IJEDR1902105 International Journal of Engineering Development and Research (www.ijedr.org) 560

Time Dependent Variation Of Level Of Service On Madhya Marg, Chandigarh

Lalit Dhalk, Pardeep Kumar Gupta Student, Professor

Punjab Engineering College , Chandigarh _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract— Chandigarh is an urban city with the highest per capita vehicle density in India. Owing to boastfully population, the congestion is growing at zip, zap, zoom speed as thousands of heterogeneous vehicles are added to the roads in Chandigarh. The Level of Service (LOS) is not passable for heterogeneous traffic flow with different operational features. Declining LOS is essentially a severe problem. To evaluate the Time dependent variations of Level Of Service on Madhya Marg is evaluated using Highway Capacity Manual. This has been accomplished by evaluating the level of service of individual hour starting from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm to include all the peaks. The data was collected on 6 different working Mondays. The data was collected using Automatic Traffic Counter-cum-classifier. The data collected during the traffic survey includes traffic volume, cycle length , green time, free flow speed. The variation of LOS was computed by Average Travel Speed and represented graphically. For Peak hours at Madhya Marg, LOS has been found out to be ‘intermediary of D or E’ which indicates that flows are at a level where small hike may cause a considerable reduction in the performance or ‘Level of service’ of the street. Moreover, drivers are restricted in freedom to select speed or change lane. Mid-Block counts indicated that at present Volume/ Capacity (V/c) ratio were less than one for all sectors but as traffic is increasing, they may approach their saturation point soon. In the end various recommendations are made to improve the existing Level of Service.. Keywords— Level of Service, Volume/ Capacity, Average Travel Speed, traffic volume, cycle length , green time, free flow speed _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION Chandigarh, the joint capital of Haryana and Punjab is one of the most planned urban cities in the world. Chandigarh is an urban city with the highest per capita vehicle density in India. Chandigarh has one of the best network of roads the roads are categorised in 7’Vs. Later on, a pathway for cyclists called V8 were added to this circulation system. With the change in building bylaws of Chandigarh administration the population of the city has increased and With the upcoming projects like New Chandigarh and Infra structural development of neighboring areas like zirakpur , Mullanpur , Panchkula and Mohali the growth of traffic is likely to increase at a higher rate. And to accommodate the growing traffic city needs to evaluate the exiting road network. Level Of Service can be used to describe the present conditions of an urban streets of Chandigarh. Level of service (LOS) is a quality measure describing operational conditions within a traffic stream, generally in terms of such service measures as speed and travel time, freedom to maneuver, traffic interruptions, and comfort and convenience. Six LOS are defined for each type of facility that has analysis procedures available. Letters designate each level, from A to F, with LOS A representing the best operating conditions and LOS F represents the worst. Los ‘A’ represents Free Flow , Los ‘B’ represents Reasonable Free Flow , Los ‘C’ represents Stable Flow , Los ‘D’ represents Approaching Unstable Flow , Los ‘E’ represents Unstable Flow , Los ‘F’ represents Forced Flow.

II. STUDY AREA The present study is to be carried out on the midblock sections of of Madhya Marg , Chandigarh Madhya Marg is the major avenues of Chandigarh, with important institutional and commercial functions running alongside. Mid-block section is to be considered for study from each road.



Figure 1 study area

Madhya Marg (Panchkula to Chandigarh) Mid section between Sector 28 – sector 27 Sector 27 – sector 19 Sector 19 – sector 18 Ø Madhya Marg (Chandigarh to Panchkula) Mid section between Sector 8 – sector 7 Sector 7 – sector 26 Sector 26 – Sector 26 E Timber Market

III. METHODOLOGY Methodology for analyzing level of service (urban road) using HCM

Input Parameters Cycle length, C (s) , Effective green-to-cycle-length ratio, g/C , v/c ratio for lane group, X , Capacity of lane group, c (veh/h) , Analysis period (T) , Arrival type, AT , Length of segment, L (km) , Initial queue, Qb (veh) , Urban street class , Free-flow

Input- Definesegmentsandsections

-Lengthofsegments-Numberofintersections-Determineurbanstreet

classification

Field Measurement-volume-speed

-lenghtofsegment-cyclelenght

Travel Time- Computerunningtime

- Computeintersectioncontroldelays

ComputeAverageTravelSpeed- Bysegment

- Overentirefacility

Determine LOS



speed , FFS (km/h) , Running time, TR (s) , Signal control adjustment factor, k Upstream filtering/metering adjustment factor, I , Progression adjustment factor, PF. Delay Computation 1) Uniform delay, d1 and Incremental delay, d2 (s)

Initial queue delay, d3 (s) 2) Control delay, d (s) d = (d1 * PF) + d2 + d3 3) Segment LOS Determination Segment travel time, ST (s) ST = TR + d Segment travel speed, SA (km/h) 4) Urban Street LOS Determination Total travel time =∑ST (sec) Total length = ∑L (km) Total travel speed, SA (km/h) 5) Total urban street LOS

Table 1 Urban Street LOS by Class

IV. Data collection

The data collection was done on 6 mid block section of Madhya marg . 3 sections being from Chandigarh to Panchkula and 3 section being from Panchkula to Chandigarh. Ø Data was collect as per IRC 106:1990 for 16 hours starting from 6:00 am in morning to 10:00 pm in night to include all the peaks. Ø Data was collected on 6 different working Mondays to have uniformity. Ø A total of 6 Mid block sections were selected for data collection out of which 3 sections were in the direction from Panchkula to Chandigarh (Sector 28 , 27 , 19) and other 3 being from Chandigarh to Panchkula (Sector 7 , 26 , 26 E Timber Market).

V. RESULTS Time Dependent Variation of Level of Service (LOS) using Highway capacity manual. Direction of Traffic flow Chandigarh to Panchkula

6.00 am - 7.00 am

7.00 am-8.00 am

8.00 am - 9.00 am

9.00 am- 10.00 am

10.00 am-11.00 am

11.00 am- 12.00 pm

12.00 pm- 1.00 pm

1.00 pm - 2.00 pm

B C D E C C C C

2.00 pm - 3.00 pm

3.00 pm - 4.00 pm

4.00 pm - 5.00 pm

5.00 pm - 6.00 pm

6.00 pm - 7.00 pm

7.00 pm - 8.00 pm

8.00 pm - 9.00 pm

9.00 pm - 10.00 pm

C C C E D C C B LOS for Morning peak hour has been found out to be “E” , LOS for Evening peak hour has been found out to be “E” and “C” for non peak hours.

Time dependent Variation of Level OF Service of Madhya Marg Direction of Traffic flow Chandigarh to Panchkula



Direction of Traffic flow Panchkula to Chandigarh Time dependent Variation of Level OF Service on Madhya Marg Direction of Traffic flow Panchkula to Chandigarh

6.00 am - 7.00 am

7.00 am-8.00 am

8.00 am - 9.00 am

9.00 am- 10.00 am

10.00 am-11.00 am

11.00 am- 12.00 pm

12.00 pm- 1.00 pm

1.00 pm - 2.00 pm

B B D D D C C C

2.00 pm - 3.00 pm

3.00 pm - 4.00 pm

4.00 pm - 5.00 pm

5.00 pm - 6.00 pm

6.00 pm - 7.00 pm

7.00 pm - 8.00 pm

8.00 pm - 9.00 pm

9.00 pm - 10.00 pm

C C D E D D C B LOS for Morning peak hour has been found out to be “D” , LOS for Evening peak hour has been found out to be “E” and “C” for non peak hours.

Time dependent Variation of Level OF Service on Madhya Marg Direction of Traffic flow Chandigarh to Panchkula

VI. CONCLUSIONS The following main conclusions are drawn from the work.

• For Madhya Marg from direction Chandigarh to Panchkula during morning peak hour was observed to be E, evening peak as E and non peak hours was found to be C and from Panchkula to Chandigarh Level of Service during morning peak was observed to be D, evening peak as E and non peak hours was found to be C.

• For Peak hours at Madhya Marg, LOS has been found out to be ‘intermediary of D or E’ which indicates that flows are at a level where small hike may cause a considerable reduction in the performance or ‘service’ of the highway. Moreover, drivers are restricted in freedom to select speed or change lane.

BC

DE

C C C C C C C

ED

C CB

6.00am-7.00am

7.00am-8.00am

8.00am-9.00am

9.00am-1

0.00am

10.00am

-11.00am

11.00am

-12.00pm

12.00pm

-1.00pm

1.00pm-2.00pm

2.00pm-3.00pm

3.00pm-4.00pm

4.00pm-5.00pm

5.00pm-6.00pm

6.00pm-7.00pm

7.00pm-8.00pm

8.00pm-9.00pm

9.00pm-10.00pm

TIMEINTERVAL

LOSONMADHYAMARG

B B

D D DC C C C C

DE

D DC

B

6.00am-7.00am

7.00am-8.00am

8.00am-9.00am

9.00am-1

0.00am

10.00am

-11.00am

11.00am

-12.00

pm

12.00pm

-1.00pm

1.00pm-2.00pm

2.00pm-3.00pm

3.00pm-4.00pm

4.00pm-5.00pm

5.00pm-6.00pm

6.00pm-7.00pm

7.00pm-8.00pm

8.00pm-9.00pm

9.00pm-10.00pm

TIMEINTERVAL

LOSONMADHYAMARG



• Mid-Block counts indicated that at present Volume/ Capacity (V/c) ratio were less than one for all sectors but as traffic is increasing, they may approach their saturation point soon.

VII. RECOMMENDATIONS

Traffic studies have been done on the selective mid-block sections of Madhya Marg Chandigarh. It has been observed that the traffic volumes are high in the morning till afternoon due to which the speeds are low with low level of service. Therefore, certain recommendations are made based on the study:

• The road islands, medians and dividers should be designed according to the volume on the roads. • Banning certain conflicting movement at major intersections , particularly during peak hours • Encouraging people to use more public transport . • Making streets one way during peak hours. • Improving traffic discipline such as proper lane use and correct overtaking through appropriate road markings,

education and publicity. • In the coming years if the traffic trends to keep on rising, the traffic congestion will lead to forced flow and Tricity

will be in immediate need of mass Rapid transit system.

VIII. References [1] Chandra S. and Sikdar P.K. (2000), “Factors Affecting PCU in Mixed Traffic Situations in Urban Roads”, Road

Transport Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, Australian Road Research Board, pp. 40-50. [2] Chandra S. and Kumar U. (2003), “Effect of lane width on capacity under Mixed Traffic Conditions in India”. Journal of

Transportation Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 129, No. 2, pp. 155-160. [3] Chandra Satish (2015) “highway Capacity Research on Inter-urban Highways in India” Transportation in Developing

Economies pp. 20–24. [4] Friedrich Bernhard Axer Steffen (2014) “Level of service estimation based on low-frequency floating car data” 17th

Meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation, EWGT, Sevilla, Spain pp. 1051-1058. [5] “Highway Capacity Manual” (2010), Transportation Research Board. [6] Indian Road Congres , 1990 , IRC 106 “Guidelines for Capacity of Urban Roads in Plain Areas” [7] Kadiyali L. R. (2010), Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. [8] Patel R.C. & Joshi G.J. (2012) “Capacity and LOS of urban arterial road in Indian mixed traffic condition” Transport

Research Arena 2012 pp. 527-533. [9] Robertson J , Fitzpatrick K and Iragavarapu Vichika (2014) “Determining Level of Service on Freeways and Multilane

Highways with Higher Speeds” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2461, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 85–93.

[10] Roess R. P., Vandehey M. R., and Kittelson Wayne (2010) “Level of Service Transportation” Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2173, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 20–27.

Documents

Time Dependent Variation Of Level Of Service On Madhya ... · Time Dependent Variation Of Level Of Service On Madhya Marg, Chandigarh Lalit Dhalk, Pardeep Kumar Gupta Student, Professor