Time Line Project

EDUC 7100-2Evolution of Educational

TechnologyLinda Rosemond

Strands 1-6 Strand 1: Toffler’s Waves Strand 2: Technology Strand 3: Business and Corporate

Developments Strand 4: Educational Theories of Learning

and Instruction Strand 5: Nature of Society and Culture Strand 6: Science/Medicine

Toffler’s Three Waves

Strand 1Three Waves

8,000 BC – 1780Agricultural Age

1780 – 1950Industrial Age

1950 – 2010Information Age

http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1711910.html

Strands 2-6 1900-1910 2) Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and

invented the modern escalator. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blescalator.htm

2) The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission. http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm

3) Chester CarlsonAmerican inventor, physicist and patent attorney Chester Carlson—the man whose discovery of xerographic printing would fuel Xerox’s global growth and forever change an industry—was born February 8, 1906. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/carlson.htm

3) The M.H. Kuhn Company, founded in 1903, becomes the Haloid Company on April 18, 1906 in Rochester, New York, to pursue the business of manufacturing and selling photographic paper. http://www.xerox.com/about-xerox/history-timeline/1930-decade/enus.html

4) Dewey publishes Psychology and How We Think describing his functional theories. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/john-dewey-theories.html

Strands 2-6 1900-1910 Continued 4) Thorndike applies his Law of Effect to human behavior. Strong

behavioral responses for rewards but not for punishment. http://www.nvc.vt.edu/alhrd/Theorists/Thorndike.htm

5) Women’s suffrage http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm

5) Upton Sinclair exposed the meat packing plants in his book,

“The Jungle” http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/sinclair.htm

6) The fossils of a Tyrannosaurus Rex are discovered by Barnum Brown in Hell Creek, Montana. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnum_Brown

6) The Wright Brothers make aviation history with their first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. http://wrightbrothers.info.

Strands 2-6 1910-1920 2) Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion

picture. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bledison_timeline.htm

2) The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong.Today, every radio or television set uses this invention. http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventors/a/Armstrong.htm

3) Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra. http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/a/brassiere.htm

3) The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltoaster.htm

4)Gestalt Psychology influences the Progressive Movement. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology

4) Thorndike’s Connectionism or Learning = Stimulus - Response             became the leading educational psychology. http://www.nvc.vt.edu/alhrd/Theorists/Thorndike.htm

Strands 2-6 1910-1920 Cont.. 5) Women started to wear more comfortable

clothing. http://www.greatestlook.com/advice/revealing_fashions.html

5) Ballroom dancing was a popular dance. http://www.examiner.com/ballroom-dancing-in-orlando/lady-duff-gordon-british-fashion-icon-1910-s-who-shaped-ballroom-glamour

6) Halley’s commit is observed photographically for the first time. http://www.theskyscrapers.org/content471.html.

6) British physicist Ernest Rutherford discovers the concept of radioactive half life. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/chemistry/generalchemistry/atomic/BasicStructure/ErnestRutherford/ErnestRutherford.htm

Strands 2-6 1920-1930 2) Artificial life begins -- the first robot built. http://

inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/RobotStory.htm

2) Garrett A Morgan invents a traffic signal. http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventors/a/Garrett_Morgan.htm

3) Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food. http://

inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfrfood.htm 3) Eduard Haas III invents PEZ candy.

http://inventors.about.com/od/foodrelatedinventions/a/pez_candy.htm

4) Pavlov proposed Classical Conditioning http://

web.mst.edu/~psyworld/classical_conditioning.htm

Strands 2-6 1920-1930 Cont.. 4) Piaget presents his learning theory

of genetic epistemology.             http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Genetic_epistemology

5) Harlem Renaissance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance

5) Flappers http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/flappers.htm

6) Vitamin D is discovered and shown to prevent rickets. http://www.endocrinetoday.com/view.aspx?rid=35928

6) Insulin, which regulates the use of sugar, is isolated and used for the treatment of diabetes by Frederick Banting and Herbert Best. http://www.utoronto.ca/bandb/best.htm

Strands 2-6 1930-1940 2) Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography.

http://edgerton-digital-collections.org/

2) The electron microscope was invented. http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope_2.htm

3) At the urging of Joseph R. Wilson, the son of Haloid Company co-founder Joseph C. Wilson, Haloid acquires the Rectigraph Company, a photocopying machine manufacturer that uses Haloid paper. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Xerox-Corporation-Company-History.html

3) In order to raise funds for purchase of the Rectigraph Company, the Haloid Company issues its first offering of public stock on September 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox

4) Guthrie's Contiguity Theory of learning is presented. http://www.southalabama.edu/oll/mobile/theory_workbook/contiguity_theory.htm

Strands 2-6 1930-1940 Cont… 4) Skinner publishes Behavior of Organisms that

repopularizes behaviorists classroom models. http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/Home.html

5) The Great Depression http://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/glossary/great-depression.htm

5) Dick and Jane books were published http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_and_Jane

6) Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie create the first man-made radioactive substance by bombarding aluminum with alpha particles that create radioactive phosphorus. http://www.nndb.com/people/410/000100110/

6) Du Pont chemist Wallace Hume Carothers creates nylon, the first completely synthetic fabric. http://inventors.about.com/od/nstartinventions/a/nylon.htm

Strands 2-6 1940-1950 2) Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system.

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcolortelevision.htm 2) Konrad Zeus’s Z3, the first computer controlled by

software. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa050298.htm

3) Chester Carlson receives U.S. patent No. 2,297,691 on October 6 for electro photography—later called xerography—the technology that will revolutionize the world of document imaging./ http://www.freshpatents.com/Electrophotography-dtnewntc399.php

3) Xerography is formally announced on October 22 at the Optical Society of America Annual Meeting in Detroit, Michigan—the same year the word “Xerox” is trademarked for future use. http://www.xerox.com/innovation/chester-carlson-xerography/enus.html

4) Smith and Tyler provide evaluation manual which dominates educational evaluation for next quarter century/ http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2517/Tyler-Ralph-W-1902-1994.html

Strands 2-6 1940-1950 Cont… 4)The report Education for All American

Youth restates perspectives of Cardinal Principals of secondary Education and declares “no aristocracy of subjects” including science. http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/1918cardinal.html

5)WW II: United States became a

super power. http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/politics/United-States-of-America.html

5)Scrap drives/victory gardens http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/politics/United-States-of-America.html

Strands 2-6 1940-1950 Cont… 6) The U.S. government establishes the

Manhattan Project, led by Robert Oppenheimer, to coordinate ongoing American efforts to design and build the atomic bomb. http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project 6)Doctors begin to use the pap test to

detect cervical cancer. http://www.cancercare.org.cy/EN/public_information/early_detection/pap_test.html

Strands 2-6 1950-1960 2) Charles Ginsburg invented the first video tape

recorder (VTR). http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvideo.htm

2) The first computer hard disk was used. http://www.yourdictionary.com/computer/hard-disk

3) The first nonstick teflon pan produced. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blteflon.htm

3) The Haloid Company and The Rank Organisation plc (UK) form Rank Xerox as a joint venture to manufacture and market Haloid (later Xerox) equipment initially in Europe and eventually in Africa and Asia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_Xerox

4) Benjamin Bloom proposed the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, also known as Blooms Taxonomy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_Taxonomy

Strands 2-6 1950-1960 Cont… 4) Soviet union launched Sputnik I. It accelerated

public funding and support for science education. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik.

5) Baby Boomers. http://www.babyboomers.com

5) Racial segregationis ruled unconstitutional in public schools by the U.S. Supreme Court. http://www.1920-30.com/politics/racial-segregation.html

6) Narinder Kapany (England) develops fiber optics. http://www.nriinternet.com/NRI_Sciectists/USA/A_Z/K/Kaplany/index.htm

6) Temporary artificial heart invented by Willem Kolff. http://www.nnp.org/nni/Publications/Dutch-American/kolff.html

Strands 2-6 1960-1970 2) The computer mouse invented by Douglas

Engelbart. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081898.htm 2) The first computer with integrated circuits made.

http://nobelprize.org/educational/physics/integrated_circuit/history 3) Permanent-press fabric invented. http://

inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfabric.htm 3) We begin recovering metals from used

photoreceptor drums for use in new products, improving the reuse of natural resources and lowering the amount of hazardous heavy metals bought, handled and processed. http://naturalresourcerecovery.com.

4) Robert Gagné published first edition of "The Conditions of Learning" that describes five domains of learning: verbal information, intellectual skills, psychomotor skills, attitudes, and cognitive s. http://

www.keele.ac.uk/depts/aa/landt/lt/docs/atid.htm

Strands 2-6 1960-1970 Cont… 4)Bruner publishes Toward a Theory of Instruction where he

introduces Constructivist Learning Theory. http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial1/learning_theories_full_version.html

5) College campuses became centers of debate and scenes of protest more than ever before. http://www.1920-30.com/politics/racial-segregation.html.

5) Crew cuts on men and bouffant hairstyles on women. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouffant

6) Mariner II, the first interplanetary probe, reaches Venus. http://www.happynews.com/living/space/nasa-expeditions-venus.htm

6) The sedative Valium (chlordiazepoxide) is developed by Roche labs. http://www.forbes.com/2005/10/03/valium-inventor-dies-cx_mh_1003autofacescan03.html?feed=rss_personalfinance_philanthropy

Strands 2-6 1970-1980 2)The floppy disc invented by Alan Shugart.

http://inventors.about.com/od/computersandinternet/a/FloppyDisk.htm 2)The microprocessor invented by Faggin, Hoff and Mazor.

http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microprocessor.htm 3)Xerox PARC—opens in Palo Alto, California, with a world-

class team of experts in information and physical sciences http://www.microglyphs.com/english/html/dataglyphs.shtml

3)The Xerox Research Centre of Canada (XRCC)— established as an exploratory chemistry research center for Xerox Corporation.http://www.xerox.com/innovation/business-technology-research/frca.html

4) Sternberg publishes Intelligence, Information Processing,    and Analogical Reasoning, informing a Triarchic Learning Theory. http://wilderdom.com/personality/L2-2SternbergTriarchicTheory.html

Strands 2-6 1970-1980 Cont… 4) Michael Moore proposes the theory of transactional

distance. Transactional distance has become one of the leading theories in the field of distance education. http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_distance 5) Many of the "radical" ideas of the 60's gained wider

acceptance in the new decade, and were mainstreamed into American life and culture.  http://www.uhsalumni.com/1958/70sdecade.html

5) People from Third World countries came to this country in search of economic betterment or to escape political repression.  http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/third_world_countries.htm

6) The antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) is developed by Bryan B. Malloy (Scotland) and Klaus K. Schmiegel (US). http://www.ihmsisters.org/www/Alumni_and_Reunions/previousschooldec09.asp

6) The accidental release of anthrax spores at a Soviet bioweapons facility in Sverdlovsk. http://www.teachervision.fen.com/year/1979.html

Strands 2-6 1980-1990 2)The Apple Macintosh was invented.

http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa051599.htm 2) Digital cellular phones were invented.

http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072199.htm 3)Foreseeing the tremendous growth and utility

of the Internet, Xerox registers www.xerox.com—the seventh ".com" top-level domain name to be registered with the Department of Defense. http://

docushare.xerox.com/index.html 3)Fifty years after Chester Carlson produced the

first xerographic image in his Astoria, Queens, New York lab, our 50 Series copiers launch to recognize his game-changing achievement. http://

docushare.xerox.com/index.html

Strands 2-6 1980-1990 Cont… 4) Gardner publishes Art, Mind and Brain in which he

introduces his Multiple Intelligences Learning

Theory. http://

www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.php . 4) National Commission on Excellence in Education

publishes A Nation at Risk. It emphasized a return to

the basics as a solution. http://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html

5) Binge buying and credit became a way of life. http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade80.html.

5) Cable and MTV were created. http://www.yourdictionary.com/answers/who/who-created-mtv.html.

Strands 2-6 1980-1990 Cont… 6) The El Niño phenomenon disrupts global

weather patterns. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/elnino

6) France and China permit use of "morning-after" birth-control drug RU486 (Mifepristone). http://topics.cnn.com/topics/feeds/rss/birth_control

Strands 2-6 1990-2000 2) The World Wide Web and Internet protocol (HTTP) and

WWW language (HTML) created by Tim Berners-Lee. http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/internet.htm

2)Web TV was invented. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_web_tv.htm

3)Xerox and Fuji Xerox form Xerox International Partners to market digital marking engines, desktop and workgroup printers, and digital copiers to original equipment manufacturers worldwide. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_Xerox

3)Xerox partners with IBM to announce a technology and marketing agreement that marries IBM's Lotus Notes and Domino electronic document management environment with the Xerox Document Centre family./ http://www.office.xerox.com/multifunction-printer/color-multifunction/docucolor-242-252-260/enus.html?source=105688&CMP=KNC-XOGUS&HBX_PK=Document_Center&HBX_OU=51&ADGRP=multifunction

Strands 2-6 1990-2000 Cont… 4) Lave & Wenger (1991) illustrate how people

acquire knowledge through engagement in the context of everyday activities. http://www.learning-theories.com/situated-learning-theory-lave.html

4) Gardner (1993) proposes seven distinct form of intelligence including linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal and interpersonal. http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm

5) Gulf War http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf. 5) About eighty-three and one-half percent of the

population in 1999 completed four years of high school as opposed to only forty-one percent in 1960. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/dropout/HighSchoolRates3.asp

Strands 2-6 1990-2000 Cont… 6) The FDA approves use of the surgically-

implanted contraceptive Norplant. http://www.hli.org/index.php/abortifacients/254?task=view

6) Dr. Ian Wilmut and his team clone the world's first sheep from adult cells. The lamb born in July 1996 is named Dolly. http://www.salon.com/feb97/news/news2970224.html

Strands 2-6 2000-2010 2) On October 23, 2001 Apple Computers publicly

announced their portable music digital player the iPod, created under project codename Dulcimer. http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/iPod.htm

2) A new computer interface called the sixth sense is created. http://theviewspaper.net/sixth-sense-technology-will-revolutionize-the-world.

3) Xerox achieves the 10,000th installation of our reliable, globally trusted DocuColor 2000 Series press. http://www.outputlinks.com/html/news/news-02848.shtml

3) Adding to Xerox solutions portfolio, we acquire XMPie, a leading provider of variable information software. http://www.xmpie.com/image-personalization

4) Jeroen J G Van Merrienboer refines the Four-Component Instructional Design System (4C/ID-model) he developed early in 1992. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/sat1.html

Strands 2-6 2000-2010 Cont… 4) David Wiley develops Learning Object Design and

Sequencing Theory (LODAS). http://davidwiley.org

5) Bombing of the twin towers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center

5) Obama became president http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/candidates/barack.obama.html

6) "I love you" virus disrupts computers worldwide (May 14). http://www.jrwhipple.com/virus_iloveyou.html

6) Report by National Academy of Sciences announces that global warming is on the rise. Leading scientists reaffirm mainstream view that human activity is largely responsible (June 6). http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/globalchange/global_warming/03.html