Timeline to Timeline to WarWar

An intro to the economic, An intro to the economic, social, and political causes of social, and political causes of

the Civil Warthe Civil War

Territorial Expansion and delaying Territorial Expansion and delaying the inevitablethe inevitable

• 1803 Louisiana Purchase 1803 Louisiana Purchase

• Mexican Cession after Mexican WarMexican Cession after Mexican War

- both led to debate over will the new - both led to debate over will the new states be states be “free” “free” or or “slave”“slave”

• Founding Fathers wanted a stronger Union Founding Fathers wanted a stronger Union in 1787 so they created an uneasy in 1787 so they created an uneasy compromise over slaverycompromise over slavery

- it couldn’t last forever- it couldn’t last forever

• Missouri reached Missouri reached pop. for statehoodpop. for statehood• Senate had = slave and Senate had = slave and

free statesfree states• Missouri would be slave Missouri would be slave

tipping the balancetipping the balance• Henry Clay compromiseHenry Clay compromise• Maine created from Maine created from

Mass. as a free stateMass. as a free state• Missouri as a slave stateMissouri as a slave state• slavery will not be slavery will not be

permitted north of permitted north of Missouri’s southern Missouri’s southern border – 36 30border – 36 30 Henry ClayHenry Clay

1820 Missouri Compromise1820 Missouri Compromise

• 18311831

• revived the anti-revived the anti-slavery movement slavery movement through the through the LiberatorLiberator

• set up the American set up the American Anti-Slavery SocietyAnti-Slavery Society

• faced much faced much Northern oppositionNorthern opposition

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Nat Turner RebellionNat Turner Rebellion

• 18311831• 60 whites killed60 whites killed• VirginiaVirginia

• revolt led by Nat Turnerrevolt led by Nat Turner

• 1845 1845 Autobiography Autobiography publishedpublished

• Narrative of the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Life of Frederick Douglass, An Douglass, An American Slave American Slave

• raises awareness of raises awareness of horrors of slaveryhorrors of slavery

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Mexican WarMexican WarTreaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• 1846 War 1846 War BeginsBegins

• Treaty signed Treaty signed 18481848

Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso• 18461846

• proposed making land acquired proposed making land acquired in Mexican Cession closed to in Mexican Cession closed to slaveryslavery

• made it through House twice- made it through House twice- never made it through the never made it through the SenateSenate

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850• Zachary Taylor is Zachary Taylor is

Pres. Pres. • Compromise by Henry Compromise by Henry

ClayClay1.1. CA. is a free stateCA. is a free state2.2. abolished slave trade abolished slave trade

in DCin DC3.3. popular sovereignty in popular sovereignty in

the newly acquired the newly acquired territories of Mex. territories of Mex. CessionCession

4.4. strengthened national strengthened national fugitive slave lawfugitive slave law

In an interest of “peace, concord and In an interest of “peace, concord and harmony,” he called for an end to harmony,” he called for an end to

“passion- passion, party, party– and “passion- passion, party, party– and intemperance.” Otherwise, continued intemperance.” Otherwise, continued

sectional bickering would lead to a sectional bickering would lead to a “furious, bloody, implacable, “furious, bloody, implacable,

exterminating” exterminating”

civil war.civil war.

Henry ClayHenry Clay

““I have, Senators, believed from the first I have, Senators, believed from the first that the agitation of the subject of slavery that the agitation of the subject of slavery

would, if not prevented from some untimely would, if not prevented from some untimely and effective measure, end in disunion.”and effective measure, end in disunion.”

John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

Believes the South needsBelieves the South needs

1. equality in the territories1. equality in the territories

2. return of fugitive slaves2. return of fugitive slaves

3. guaranteed equilibrium between N&S3. guaranteed equilibrium between N&S

““I wish to speak today, not as a I wish to speak today, not as a Massachusetts man, not as a Massachusetts man, not as a

Northern man, but as an Northern man, but as an American…I speak today for the American…I speak today for the preservation of the Union. Hear preservation of the Union. Hear

me for my cause.”me for my cause.”

Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster

First proposed by Clay in January- not passed until SeptemberFirst proposed by Clay in January- not passed until September

Neither side was truly Neither side was truly happyhappy

stage is set for a stage is set for a showdown between showdown between

sectionssections

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law• led to armed slave-catchers on the led to armed slave-catchers on the

streets in the N. streets in the N. • worked w/ support of federal worked w/ support of federal

governmentgovernment• 1854 Pres. Pierce spent over 1854 Pres. Pierce spent over

$100,000 and brought in troops to $100,000 and brought in troops to return Anthony Burns to Va.return Anthony Burns to Va.

• ““We went to bed one night old We went to bed one night old fashioned, conservative, fashioned, conservative, Compromise Union Whigs and Compromise Union Whigs and waked up stark mad Abolitionists” waked up stark mad Abolitionists” – Amos Lawrence – Amos Lawrence textile magnatetextile magnate

•Boston reacts in protest to Boston reacts in protest to the recapture of Burnsthe recapture of Burns

•before Comp. of 1850 -9 before Comp. of 1850 -9 states had personal liberty states had personal liberty laws refusing to cooperatelaws refusing to cooperate

•storm jail, a sheriff is killedstorm jail, a sheriff is killed

•beaten backbeaten back

•Pierce send in the troopsPierce send in the troops

•Burns is sent back to VABurns is sent back to VA

Runaway BurnsRunaway Burns

Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin

• 1851-21851-2

• Written by Harriet Written by Harriet Beecher StoweBeecher Stowe

• raised awareness of raised awareness of horrors of slaveryhorrors of slavery

• ““so you’re the little so you’re the little woman who wrote woman who wrote the book that made the book that made this war” - Lincolnthis war” - Lincoln

Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase• 18531853

• Sec. of War Sec. of War Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis instigatesinstigates

• $10 million$10 million

• Buy land from Buy land from MexicoMexico

• TranscontinentTranscontinental RRal RR

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act• 18541854

• proposed by Stephen Douglas- proposed by Stephen Douglas- Illinois SenatorIllinois Senator

• wanted the Trans-continental RR wanted the Trans-continental RR to go through his home stateto go through his home state

IllinoisIllinois

• wants 2 new western territorieswants 2 new western territories

• each territory gets to choose if each territory gets to choose if they want slavery = popular they want slavery = popular sovereigntysovereignty

• Anti-slavery Northerners angry Anti-slavery Northerners angry believing it was a revocation of believing it was a revocation of the Missouri Comp.the Missouri Comp.

Republican Party FormedRepublican Party Formed• 18541854• Whig party failsWhig party fails• reorganize as Republicansreorganize as Republicans• dedicated to preventing the spread of dedicated to preventing the spread of

slavery in the westslavery in the west• not powerful enough to gain presidency in not powerful enough to gain presidency in

18561856• gains ground gains ground

Bleeding KansasBleeding KansasPottawatomie MassacrePottawatomie Massacre• 18561856

• pro and anti slavery pro and anti slavery factions launch factions launch guerilla warfare guerilla warfare (mini-civil war)(mini-civil war)

• want to control the want to control the vote over slaveryvote over slavery

• pro sacks town of pro sacks town of Lawrence- an anti Lawrence- an anti strongholdstronghold

• anti responds with anti responds with massacre of pro forces massacre of pro forces at Pottawatomie Creekat Pottawatomie Creek

• led by John Brownled by John Brown

• hacked the men to hacked the men to deathdeath

ResponseResponse

Brooks v. SumnerBrooks v. Sumner

• May 1856May 1856

• S.C. Rep. Preston Brooks attacks Mass. Senator Charles S.C. Rep. Preston Brooks attacks Mass. Senator Charles Sumner for delivering a speech slandering Butler’s uncleSumner for delivering a speech slandering Butler’s uncle

James BuchananJames BuchananDemocrat elected PresidentDemocrat elected President

18561856• defeats defeats

republican republican candidate John candidate John C. FreemontC. Freemont

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

• 18571857

• Dred Scott sues Dred Scott sues for freedom on for freedom on the basis he the basis he lived in a free lived in a free territory for a territory for a timetime

• chief justice Roger Taneychief justice Roger Taney

• ruled against Scottruled against Scott

1.1. slaves are not citizens and slaves are not citizens and cannot suecannot sue

2.2. Congress has no authority Congress has no authority to declare slavery illegal in to declare slavery illegal in the territoriesthe territories

3.3. AF. Am. have “no rights AF. Am. have “no rights which a white man is which a white man is bound to respect”bound to respect”

• implies individual states implies individual states cannot ban slaverycannot ban slavery

• S. rejoiced believing states S. rejoiced believing states or Congress could not ban or Congress could not ban

slaveryslavery

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

Lincoln Douglas DebatesLincoln Douglas Debates

• 18581858

• Senate Race in IllinoisSenate Race in Illinois

• Lincoln v. Stephen Lincoln v. Stephen DouglasDouglas

• Lincoln wins debate Lincoln wins debate but loses Senate racebut loses Senate race

• places Lincoln in the places Lincoln in the national eye!national eye!

Lincoln wants to Lincoln wants to stop the spread of stop the spread of slavery slavery not stopnot stop

slaveryslavery

We “cannot endure We “cannot endure permanently half slave, half permanently half slave, half

free- (we) will become all one free- (we) will become all one thing or all the other”thing or all the other”

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s FerryFerry

• 18591859

• financed by wealthy financed by wealthy abolitionistsabolitionists

• leads small band of blacks leads small band of blacks and whitesand whites

• attack federal armoryattack federal armory

• idea = seize weapons, idea = seize weapons, distribute among slaves, distribute among slaves, slave revolt will destroy slave revolt will destroy slavery throughout the S.slavery throughout the S.

• no slaves come!no slaves come!• alerted early militia alerted early militia

besieges Brown and besieges Brown and his menhis men

• company of fed. company of fed. marines under marines under Colonel Robert E. Lee Colonel Robert E. Lee captures Browncaptures Brown

• quickly found guiltyquickly found guilty• sent to gallows Dec. 2sent to gallows Dec. 2

Reaction to John BrownReaction to John Brown

• anti-slavery portray Brown as a anti-slavery portray Brown as a martyr to the cause of freedommartyr to the cause of freedom

• pro-slavery upset over idea of pro-slavery upset over idea of N. helping slave revolt and N. N. helping slave revolt and N. ReactionReaction

Abraham LincolnAbraham LincolnRepublican elected PresidentRepublican elected President

• 18601860• reflects unsettled state of reflects unsettled state of

UnionUnion• Stephen Douglas N. DemocratStephen Douglas N. Democrat• John C. Breckinridge S. DemJohn C. Breckinridge S. Dem• Abraham Lincoln RepublicanAbraham Lincoln Republican• John Bell constitutional John Bell constitutional

unionist ( remnants of S. unionist ( remnants of S. Whigs)Whigs)

• Lincoln pledges to leave Lincoln pledges to leave slavery where it wasslavery where it was

•election Nov. 6, 1860election Nov. 6, 1860

•Lincoln does not appear Lincoln does not appear on the ballot in 9 stateson the ballot in 9 states

•40% pop vote40% pop vote

•majority of electoral majority of electoral votesvotes

•does not carry one does not carry one single S. statesingle S. state

•travels in disguise travels in disguise through Maryland to through Maryland to avoid getting shotavoid getting shot