Tinh Chat Nuoc Thai 1 So Nganh Nghe

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DANH MC CC CH TIU NC THI 1 S NGNH NGH NI DUNG NC THI T CH ....................................................................................... 2 COMFOR HNG VIT .................................................................................... 5 NC THI SN XUT KEM ........................................................................ 6 NC THI BT M ........................................................................................ 8 THI SN XUT NC MM ....................................................................... 10 THI NGNH CH BIN THY SN ............................................................ 12 THI BT C ................................................................................................... 13 NC THI SN XUT TOLE ....................................................................... 16 NC THI MC IN ....................................................................................... 19 NC THI DU N ...................................................................................... 20 DU N BNH AN ............................................................................................ 21 NGNH DT NHUM ...................................................................................... 22 MA NG DACLAK .................................................................................... 22 SN TOA .................................................................................................................... 24 NC THI GIY HNG LONG ......................................................................... 25

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Bng cht lng nc thi ch Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ch Tiu pH BOD COD SS N tng P tng Coliform mg/l n V mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Gi Tr 6,72 285 505 283 58,6 20,2 7*108 QCVN 14:2008, ct B 59 50 100 100 50 10 5.000

2. CNG NGH SN XUT M PHM V NNG CC CHT NHIM 2.1 Quy trnh sn xut


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Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut sa tm

Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut nc x mm vi


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Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut x bng tm

Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut kem nh rng


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2.3 Kt qu phn tch cc mu c trng CH TIU PHN TCH K hiu BOD5 mu (mg O2/l) 1 2 3 1667 1398 1409 COD (mg O2/l) 4112 2310 3020 Ntng (mg/l) 50,7 52,2 50,3 P2 O 5 (mg/l) 174,8 186,6 128,5 SS (mg/l) 2820 842 1540 4,81 5,73 6,47 pH

B trn n b phn ng ----phng php keo t to bng

Bng 2.2: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc thi trc khi qua h thng x l Comfor Hng Vit STT Tn ch tiu n v tnh Kt qu TCVN 5945-2005, B 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH BOD5 COD SS Nito tng Phospho tng mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 6,16 6760 20800 1690 94 17,5 5,5-9 50 80 100 30 6 loi


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C TRNG CA NC THI SN XUT KEM Nc thi sn xut kem c nng nhim kh cao, ch yu l cc cht hu c, cn l lng v cc ht cht lng (du, m). Hm lng N v P trong nc thi gy nn hin tng ph dng ha ngun tip nhn nc thi, lm thiu oxy trong nc, nh hng n i sng cc thy sinh vt, xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh cc cht hu c trong nc, gy mi hi thi. Cc cht l lng trong nc gy c cho ngun nc tip nhn. Cc cht bo to lp vng trn mt nc, gy thiu oxy trong nc gy mi kh chu. Ngoi ra nc thi cn cha mt s cht ty ra t qu trnh v sinh nh, my mc, thit b Nng nhim c trng ca nc thi kem th hin c th bng sau. Bng cht lng nc thi kem Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ch Tiu pH SS BOD COD Du m Tng Nit t Tng Photpho n V mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Gi Tr 5,5 10,5 450 1250 1800 250 50 8 QCVN 24:2009, ct B 59 100 50 100 20 30 6


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2. QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI SN XUT KEM


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C TRNG CA NC THI BT M Cc thnh phn hu c nh tinh bt, protein, xenluloza, pectin, ng c trong nguyn liu c m ti l nguyn nhn gy nhim cao cho cc dng nc thi ca nh my sn xut bt m. Nc thi sinh ra t dy chuyn sn xut bt m c cc thng s c trng: pH thp, hm lng cht hu c v v c cao, th hin qua hm lng cht rn l lng (SS), cc cht dinh dng cha N, P, cc ch s v nhu cu oxy sinh hc (BOD5), nhu cu oxy ho hc (COD), vi nng rt cao. Nng nhim ca nc thi th hin c th bng sau. Bng cht lng nc thi sn xut bt m Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ch Tiu pH COD BOD5(20oC) Cn l lng (SS) Nit tng Pht pho tng Xianua (CN-) n V Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Gi Tr 4,5 5,3 10.000 8.000 2.300 170 30 20 QCVN 24:2009, ct B 5,5 9 50 100 100 30 6 0,1


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QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI


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C TRNG CA NC THI SN XUT NC MM Vn nhim ngun nc ca ngnh sn xut nc mm thi trc tip ra mi trng l vn c cc nh qun l mi trng quan tm. Nc thi b nhim bn cng vi nng mui kh cao trong nc s lm nh hng nghim trng n i sng ca cc vi sinh vt v cc cy thu sinh trong nc, cng nh nh hng ti mi trng v cc ng vt sng xung quanh . Nng nhim c trng ca nc thi sn xut nc mm th hin c th bng sau. Bng cht lng nc thi sn xut nc mm Ch Tiu Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH COD BOD SS N tng P tng Du m c mu mui Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l NTU Pt-Co Mg/l 4,8 1460 1200 110 45 1,95 235 75 230 3600 n V Gi Tr QCVN 24:2009, ct B 5,5 9 50 100 100 30 6 20 70 -


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QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI SN XUT NC MM


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C TRNG CA NC THI NGNH CH BIN THY SN Nc thi ngnh ch bin thy sn cha phn ln cc cht thi hu c c ngun gc t ng vt v c thnh phn ch yu l protein v cc cht bo. Trong nc thi cha cc cht nh cacbonhydrat, protein, cht bo khi x vo ngun nc s lm suy gim nng oxy ha tan trong nc do vi sinh vt s dng xy ha tan phn hy cc cht hu c. Cc cht rn l lng lm cho nc c hoc c mu, n hn ch su tng nc c nh sng chiu xung, gy nh hng ti qu trnh quang hp ca to, rong ru Cc cht dinh dng (N,P) vi nng cao gy ra hin tng ph dng ngun nc, rong to pht trin lm suy gim cht lng ngun nc. Cc vi sinh vt c bit vi khun gy bnh v trng giun sn trong ngun nc l ngun nhim c bit. Con ngi trc tip s dng ngun nc nhim bn hay qua cc nhn t ly bnh s truyn dn cc bnh dch cho ngi nh bnh l, thng hn, bi lit, nhim khun ng tit niu, tiu chy cp tnh Nng nhim ca nc thi tinh thy sn th hin c th bng sau. Bng kt qu phn tch cht lng nc thi ch bin thy sn STT CH TIU N V GI TR QCVN 11:2008 Ct B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

pH COD BOD SS Du TV Nit tng Photpho m

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

68 1500 2800 1000 1800 388 452 150 250 120 160 6 10

5,5 9 80 50 100 20 60 -


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tng

C TRNG CA NC THI BT C Nc thi sn xut bt c c nng nhim kh cao, pht sinh ch yu t qu trnh ra nguyn liu, v sinh nh xng, my mc thit b Cc cht hu c trong nc thi d b phn hy sinh hc, khi x vo ngun nc s lm suy gim nng oxy ha tan trong nc, gy nh hng ti s pht trin ca tm, c, gim kh nng t lm sch ca ngun nc, dn n gim cht lng nc cp cho sinh hot v cng nghip. Lng SS cng kh ln do nhiu mnh vn ca nguyn liu cn bm li trn my nghin. Tuy nhin lng SS ny rt d lng. Chng cng l tc nhn gy nh hng tiu cc n ti nguyn thy sinh ng thi gy tc hi v mt cm quan, gy bi lng lng sng, Cc vi sinh vt c bit vi khun gy bnh v trng giun sn


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trong ngun nc l nhn t ly bnh dch cho ngi nh bnh l, thng hn, tiu chy cp tnhNng nhim c trng ca nc thi bt c th hin c th bng sau. Bng cht lng nc thi bt c Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ch Tiu pH COD BOD5 SS Tng P Tng Nit Ecoli tng n V mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100 ml Gi Tr 6,5 6300 4500 2100 125 280 4,6*107 QCVN 24:2009, ct B 59 100 50 100 6 30 5.000

THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI BT C Nc thi pht sinh t khu vc sn xut theo mng li thot nc ring chy vo h thu ca trm x l. Ti y, bo v thit b v h thng ng ng cng ngh pha sau, song chn rc th c lp t trong h loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln ra khi nc thi. Sau nc thi c bm ln b iu ha. Trc b iu ha t li lc rc tinh (kch thc li 1 mm) loi b rc c kch thc nh hn lm gim SS 15%, sau nc thi t chy xung b iu ha. Ti b iu ha, my khuy trn chm s ha trn ng u nc thi trn ton din tch b, ngn nga hin tng lng cn b sinh ra mi kh chu, ng thi iu ha lu lng v nng nc thi u vo. Nc thi t b iu ha c bm sang b lng 1, nhng tp cht th khng ha tan c gi li y nh trng lng ring ca tp cht ln hn trng lng ring ca nc nn lng xung y b. Phn cn lng s c bm sang b


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cha bn, phn nc trong chy sang b trung gian sau c bm ln b UASB. Ti b UASB, cc vi sinh vt k kh s phn hy cc cht hu c c trong nc thi thnh cc cht v c dng n gin v kh Biogas (CO2, CH4, H2S, NH3), theo phn ng sau : Cht hu c + Vi sinh vt k kh -> CO2 + CH4 + H2S + Sinh khi mi + Sau b UASB nc thi c dn qua cm b anoxic v aerotank. B anoxic kt hp aerotank c la chn x l tng hp: kh BOD, nitrat ha, kh NH4+ v kh NO3- thnh N2, kh Phospho. Vi vic la chn b bn hot tnh x l kt hp an xen gia qu trnh x l thiu kh, hiu kh s tn dng c lng cacbon khi kh BOD, do khng phi cp thm lng cacbon t ngoi vo khi cn kh NO3-, tit kim c 50% lng oxy khi nitrat ha kh NH4+ do tn dng c lng oxy t qu trnh kh NO3-. Nc sau cm b anoxic aerotank t chy vo b lng. Bn c gi li y b lng. Mt phn c tun hon li b anoxic, mt phn c a n b cha bn. Tip theo, nc trong chy qua b trung gian c bm ln b lc p lc gm cc lp vt liu: si , ct thch anh v than hot tnh loi b cc hp cht hu c ha tan, cc nguyn t dng vt, nhng cht kh hoc khng phn gii sinh hc. Nc thi sau khi qua b lc p lc s i qua b nano dng kh loi b lng SS cn li, ng thi kh trng nc thi. Nc sau khi qua b nano dng kh t yu cu x thi vo ngun tip nhn theo quy nh hin hnh ca php lut. Bn b cha bn c c bm qua my p bn bng ti loi b nc, gim khi tch bn. Bn kh c c quan chc nng thu gom v x l nh k. Ti b cha bn, khng kh c cp vo b trnh mi hi sinh ra do s phn hy sinh hc cc cht hu c.


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C TRNG CA NC THI SN XUT TOLE Nc thi sn xut tole pht sinh t cng on ra loi b cc cht bn bm trn b mt, cc giai on trung gian, cng on in phn. Nc thi c nng pH thp, nng cc cht hu c thp, tuy nhin hm lng kim loi nng li rt cao. Chng l c cht tiu dit cc sinh vt ph du, gy bnh cho c v bin i


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cc tnh cht l ho ca nc, to ra s tch t sinh hc ng lo ngi theo chiu di chui thc n. Ngoi ra cn nh hng n ng ng dn nc, gy n mn, xm thc h thng cng rnh, nh hng n cht lng cy trng, vt nui canh tc nng nghip, lm thoi ho t do s chy trn v thm ca nc thi v nghim trng hn l gy nh hng n sc khe ca con ngi nh vim lot da, vim ng h hp, eczima, ung th, Thnh phn v tnh cht, nng ca cc cht bn trong hn hp nc thi c th hin c th bng sau: Bng cht lng nc thi sn xut Tole Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ch Tiu pH BOD COD SS Cr6+ Cr3+ Zn Fe Du m khong Cln V mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Gi Tr 3,5 4 200 400 200 300 31,4 8,2 45 120 27 58 QCVN 24:2009, ct B 5,5 9 50 100 100 0,1 1 3 5 5 600

2. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI SN XUT TOLE Nc thi t khu vc sn xut theo mng li thot nc ring chy vo h thu ca trm x l. Ti y, bo v thit b v h thng ng ng cng ngh pha sau, song chn rc th c lp t trong h loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln ra khi nc thi. Sau , nc thi s c bm ln b tch du. Ti


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y da trn c s l thuyt t trng ca du nh hn t trng ca nc, du c gi li trn b mt ca ngn u tin, dng nc sau tch du theo l thng gia hai ngn di y ca b tch du, v chy sang b iu ha. Ti b iu ha, my khuy trn chm s ha trn ng u nc thi trn ton din tch b, ngn nga hin tng lng cn b sinh ra mi kh chu. B iu ha c chc nng iu ha lu lng v nng nc thi u vo trm x l. Nc thi t b iu ha c bm sang b phn ng. Ti b phn ng, ha cht keo t c chm vo b vi liu lng nht nh v c kim sot cht ch bng bm nh lng ha cht. Di tc dng ca h thng cnh khuy vi tc ln c lp t trong b, ha cht keo t c ha trn nhanh v u vo trong nc thi. Hn hp nc thi ny t chy qua b keo t to bng. Di tc dng ca cht tr keo t v h thng motor cnh khuy vi tc chm, cc bng cn li ti t b phn ng s chuyn ng, va chm, dnh kt v hnh thnh nn nhng bng cn c kch thc v khi lng ln gp nhiu ln cc bng cn ban u, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh lng b lng. Hn hp nc v bng cn b keo t to bng t chy sang b lng. Bn trong hn hp nc thi c gi li y b lng. Phn bn ny c bm qua b cha bn, phn nc sau khi tch bn s chy v b trung gian v c bm qua b lc p lc a lp vt liu: si , ct thch anh v than hot tnh, loi b cc hp cht hu c ha tan, cc nguyn t dng vt, nhng cht kh hoc khng phn gii sinh hc v halogen hu c. Nc thi sau khi qua b lc p lc s i qua b nano dng kh loi b lng SS cn st li trong nc thi, ng thi kh trng nc thi trc khi nc thi c x thi vo ngun tip nhn. Nc sau khi qua b nano dng kh t yu cu x thi vo ngun tip nhn theo quy nh hin hnh ca php lut Bn b cha bn c c bm qua my p bn bng ti loi b nc, gim khi tch bn. Bn kh c cc c quan chc nng thu gom v x l nh k. Ti b cha bn, khng kh c cp vo b trnh mi hi sinh ra do s phn hy sinh hc cc cht hu c.


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4. U, NHC IM CNG NGH X L NC THI SN XUT TOLE a. u im: Cng ngh xut ph hp vi c im, tnh cht ca ngun nc thi; Nng cc cht nhim sau quy trnh x l t quy chun hin hnh; Din tch t s dng ti thiu. Cng trnh thit k dng modul, d m rng, nng cng sut x l. b. Nhc im: Nhn vin vn hnh cn c o to v chuyn mn; Cht lng nc thi sau x l c th b nh hng nu mt trong nhng cng trnh n v trong trm khng c vn hnh ng cc yu cu k thut; Bn sau qu trnh x l cn c thu gom v x l nh k C TRNG CA NC THI MC IN Nc thi t qu trnh sn xut mc in khng nhiu, ch pht sinh t cng on v sinh thit b my mc. Ngoi ra nc thi cn pht sinh t qu trnh v sinh xng khi mc in b trn . Tuy nhin, nng cc cht gy nhim rt cao. Khi trc tip thi vo ngun tip nhn khng qua x l, cht hu c c trong nc thi s lm suy gim nng oxy ha tan trong nc do vi sinh vt s dng xy ha tan phn hy cc cht hu c. mu ca nc thi lm hn ch su tng nc c nh sng chiu xung, gy nh hng ti qu trnh quang hp ca to, rong ru ng thi, gy tc hi v mt cm quan, gy tc ng xu ti cht lng nc, nh hng ti h thu sinh, ngh nui trng thu sn, du lch v cp nc. Nc thi ngnh sn xut mc in c cc thnh phn nhim c trng nh dung mi hu c, mu, cht rn l lng, Th hin c th bng sau: STT Ch Tiu n V Gi Tr Yu Cu Cht Lng Nc u Ra (QCVN 24:2009, ct

u Vo


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B) 1 2 3 4 5 pH COD BOD SS mu mg/l mg/l mg/l 7,34 2850 1075 97 5,5 9 50 100 100 70

Co-Pt 2135

NC THI DU N Bng 1: thnh phn nng cc cht nhim ti cng ty du thc vt Bnh An STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ch tiu pH SS COD BOD5 Tng Nito Tng Pht pho Du m thc vt Coliform n v Mg/l mgO2/l mgO2/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Gi tr 5,88 580 1100 650 21 6 180 TCVN 5945-2005 (A) 5.5- 9 50 50 30 15 4 10 3.000

MNP/100ml 9.600

Bng 3.1: thnh phn nng cc cht nhim ti cng ty du n Simply Tn ch tiu pH Cht rn l lng COD BOD Du m Coliform tng n v mg / l mgO/l mgO/l mg/l Kt qu 5,5 - 9 400 - 800 TCVN 5945:2005 ct A 6-9 50

1.500- 2500 50 700 1.200 30 750 3.000

MPN/100 ml .105 - .106


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Phng n 1 Nc thiSONG CHN RC TH

B TCH DU

HM TIP NHN LI LC RC TINH B IU HO

DD NaOHMY THI KH

DD POLYME, PAC

B TUYN NIBn tun hon

B AEROTANK B NN BNBn

MY THI KH

B LNG

B TRRUNG GIAN

DD NaOCl

MY P BN

B LC P LC

GHI CH: B TIP XC ng nc ng bn Hnh nc tch bn ng 4.1: S HTXLNT du n phng n 1 THI RA NGUN ng kh ng chm ha cht

BNH BN


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Ngnh dt nhum Bng 0.1: Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi c trng ca Cng ty TNHH VietBo (Ngun: Trung tm cng ngh qun l mi trng v ti nguyn,H Nng STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ch tiu pH COD BOD5 SS Nito Photpho mu n v mgO2/l mgO2/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Pt - Co Hm lng 68 409 850 469 30 90 15 17 7,19 781 1551 QCVN 13:2008 Ct A 69 50 30 50 15 4 50

Ma ng aclak c trng nc thi ca cng ty STT Ch tiu n v tnh Gi tr

1

pH

4,5

2

BOD

mgO2/L

650

3

COD

mgO2/L

1780

4

SS

mg/L

704


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Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi u vo ti nh my tinh bt m Tnh Phong Qung Ngi STT Tn ch tiu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pH COD BOD5(20oC) Cn l lng (SS) Nit tng Phopho tng Xyanua (CN-) n v tnh mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Kt qu 6,12 15106,2 8014,6 7023,5 140,6 22,5 1,16 TCVN 5945-2005 loi B 5,5 - 9 80 50 100 30 6 0,1

(Ngun: TT K Thut Quan Trc Mi Trng Dung Qut)

SN TOA STT Cht nhim n v Nng TCVN 59451995 loi B 1 2 3 4 5 pH BOD COD SS mg/lt mg/lt 6,5 9 1800 1000 2500 5000 - 26000 100 300 5,5 - 9 50 100 100 10

Du v du mg/lt m


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Nc thi Hm bmNc p bn

B iu ha B phn ng 1 B phn ng 2PAC,NaOH Polimer

Polimer

B lng 1 B trung gian UASBNPK Cp kh

B cha bn

Aerotank B lng sinh hc

My p bn

B phn ng 3 B phn ng 4 B phn ng 4 B trung ha

FeCl2,H2SO4 H2O2 NaOH Hm tip nhn

mu nc thi sn xut Cng ty TNHH Giy Hng Long Kt qu Ch tiu pH COD BOD SS n v M1 mg O2/l mg O2/l mg/l 7 2100 1429 496 M2 6,8 1260 850 298 TCVN 5945-2005 Ct B 5,5 - 9 80 50 100


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Nc thi vo

SCR + Hm bm

Thu gom b

Kh

B iu ha

Nc

Cht keot iu chnh pH

B trn phn ng

B lng 1 Kh + cht dinh dng

Thu hi bt

B Aerotank Bn B lng 2

Bn tun hon

H sinh hc

Sn phi bn

Chlorine

Kh trng

Bn kh lm phn bn

Ngun tip nhn


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Cng ty giy Tn Mai Lu lng nc thi t cng on xeo giy l 7500 m3/ngy v t cng on sn xut bt giy l 2500 m3/ngy. Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi nh sau: Bng 3.2: Tnh cht nc thi Cng ty giy Tn Mai Thng s pH COD, mg/l BOD5, mg/l SS, mg/l Sn xut bt giy 5,86 6,4 3724 833 935 Xeo giy 6,3 7,2 1489 671 653

(Ngun: Bng bo co cht lng nc thi ca Cng ty Giy Tn Mai)

Nc thi sn xut bt giy Thu gom B iu ho

NaOH Phn st

B trn

B phn ng kt hp lng ng B cha bt

Aerotank

Lng 2

Nc thi sn xut xeo giy H gom B iu ho B lng 1 Kh trng Bt giy ti s dng B nn bn Bn lm phn bn Ngun tip nhn B cha bn

Lc p dy ai


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Tinh Chat Nuoc Thai 1 So Nganh Nghe