Title Design and Development of a Mid Infrared …...Purdue University - School of Mechanical Engineering Title Design and Development of a Mid Infrared Glucose Sensor for Diabetics

Purdue University - School of Mechanical Engineering

Title Design and Development of a Mid Infrared Glucose Sensor for DiabDesign and Development of a Mid Infrared Glucose Sensor for Diabeticsetics

InvestigatorsK. Kunjan (M.S.), Prof. Jay Gore, Prof. S.S. Krishnan

SponsorTRASK Innovation Award

Objectives: Build a prototype of a glucose monitoring device warranting commercialization, using the science of mid IR spectroscopy for detecting glucose in biological fluids.

Method: Design experiments, obtain proof of principle data and establish scientific & engineering feasibility on a prototypical unit

Results: Fundamental science of mid IR glucose spectroscopy established, bench-top experimental unit designed, built & tested successfully, stage set for further miniaturization & clinical trials

Aq. GlucoseUreaLactic Acid

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

Abs

orba

nce

5 10 15 Wavelength (µm)

FTIR Spectra of glucose in the presence of biological interferences

Bench-top experimental unit EU vs. Reference

y = x + 0.1R = 0.9515

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 50 100 150 200 250

Reference (mg/dL)

EU

(mg/

dL)

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

Pre-clinical Results laid on Clarke Grid


Aq. GlucoseUreaLactic Acid

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

Abso

rban

ce

5 10 15 Wavelength (µm)


Numerical Simulation of Gas-Phase Reaction Chemistry in Carbon Nanotube Synthesis

OBJECTIVETo simulate the chemical reactions in hydrocarbon+ hydrogen mixtures to estimate the concentrations of species responsible for the formation of CNTs in the presence of external energy input by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method

METHODOLOGYSAMPR (Simple Analysis of Materials Processing Reactors) code has been used to simulate the chemical environment of CH4+H2 mixture with reaction mechanism containing 742 elementary reactions and 71 neutral and ionic chemical species

R. K. Garg, J. P. Gore, T. S. FisherRESULTH, C2H2 and CH3 are the major species formed, while C and CH are important only at higher levels of input plasma power

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1

C2H2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1C2H4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1

C2H6

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1

H

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1

H2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1

CH4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1CH3

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1C

Input Power (W)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Mol

e Fr

actio

n

1e-7

1e-6

1e-5

1e-4

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1

CH


A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Transient Fires

Objectives• Soot visualization and

measurement using Laser Induced Incandescence (LII)

• Spectral Radiation Intensity measurements using FIAS (Fast Infrared Array Spectrometer)

• Radiative Heat Flux measurements using Heat Flux Gauge

• Fire Dynamics Simulations of the transient flames. Validation of mathematical model using experimental data.

Principal Investigator : Prof. Jay P. Gore, Maurice J. Zucrow Laboratories, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907

Soot Volume Fraction measurements in a C2H4/air jet

flame using LIIppm

Figure 1: Instantaneous soot volume fractions

Figure 2: Averaged soot volume fractions

FDS simulations of 2-d line fires

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

100

1000

Z/Ql2/3 (m.kW-2/3)

∆T

(0 C)

EXP: b=0.05mEXP: b=0.015mFDS: Q=5 kWFDS: Q=25 kWFDS: Q=45 kW

0.001 0.01 0.10.1

0.5

1

1.5

Z/Ql2/3 (m.kW-2/3)

u/Q

l1/3 (

m.s-1

.kW

-1/3

)

EXP: b=0.05mEXP: b=0.015mFDS: Q=5 kWFDS: Q=25 kWFDS: Q=45 kW

Figure 3. Comparison of calculated temperature and velocities with experimental data*

*Yuan, L. and Cox, G., Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 123-139 (1996).


IR Detection, Diagnostics and ControlObjectives, •Non-intrusive flame diagnostics of temperature and species concentration distributions •Combustion diagnostics of cyclic pulse detonation process•Propulsion system diagnostics of commercial airliner Survivability

Fast Infrared Array Spectrometer(FIAS)

Method and Result


Oxygen and Fuel Jet Diffusion Flame Studies in Microgravity Motivated by Spacecraft Oxygen

Storage Fire Safety .

Objectives:Soot properties and radiation studies in microgravity (µ-g) and 1-g environments in two possible configurations –1. Oxygen enriched jet issues into fuel and

forming a reverse (inverse) diffusion (oxy-fuel) flame configuration, and

2. Fuel jet encounters an pure oxygen enriched environment and forms a normal diffusion flame configuration.

Experimental Facilities1. NASA Glenn Research Center.2. Combustion Laboratory , Maurice J.

Zucrow Laboratories, Purdue University, WL

3. Combustion facilities at Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, IUPUI

Computational ToolA two-dimensional axi-symmetric computational tool has been acquired by collaborating with Dr. V.R. Katta, Innovative Solutions Ltd, Dayton, OH. The capabilities to the tool will be enhances by addition of soot and radiation modeling.

PI: Dr. S.S. Krishnan, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, IUPUI, 23 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202.

Co-I: Professor Jay P. Gore, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.Co-I: Dr. P.B. Sunderland, National Center for Microgravity Research, Cleveland, OH 44135.Sponsor: NASA, NCMR

Sample Results Experiments and Steady computations, performed for in 1-g and 0-g Ethane normal and inverse diffusion flames.

Radial Location (mm)A

xial

Loca

tion

(mm

)0 10 20 30 40

0

10

20

30TEMPERATURE(K)

45004000350030002500200015001000500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 5 0 10 0 15 0z (mm)

CAS E 1

CAS E 2

CAS E 3

CAS E 4

CAS E 5

CAS E 6

CAS E 7

CAS E 8

CAS E 9

CAS E 10

CAS E 11

Temperature Vs. z (at r=0) CASE 11: Comparison between computational (right) and experimental (left) results.


FUNCTIONAL BREAST CANCER DETECTION USING CONJUGATE INFRARED IMAGING AND

MAMMOGRAPHY

• Computational Models– To evaluate thermography as aconjugate detection technique to mammography by simulating breast cancer imaging modalities.

• Enhancement - The thermal signature on the skin may be improved by novel techniques.

• Experimental -Thermography in controlled environments with instrumented phantom breast models.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

• Mammography – Low noise statistical methods for radiography simulations of normal and malignant breasts.

• Thermography -Bioheat transfer simulation of a heterogeneous breast with realistic properties and different boundary conditions.

• Conjugate Technique– Simulated and experimental infrared imaging plus mammography.

THERMOGRAPHYTHERMOGRAPHY FUTURE WORKFUTURE WORK

Gray Mean values of photon energy as

recorded by the digital detector

Simulated radiograph

MAMMOGRAPHYMAMMOGRAPHY

Dark tumor

Computational grid for a realistic breast

Thermal signature on the surface of malignant breast

Prof. Jay. P. Gore


Combustion Generated Noise: Kapil Singh(Sponsor : ONR)

ObjectivesInvestigate Effect of

–Swirler Configuration on Noise Production

–Partial Premixing on Jet Flame Noise

MethodsSingle, dual co-geometry and dual counter-geometry radial swirlers with 210 blade angle used. Generated sound measured using intensity probe over a range of Reynolds number (Re).

Starting from non-premixed flame, air was progressively added to the supply stream reducing the equivalence ratio from to < 4 while sound measurements were taken at various level of partial premixing.

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

dB

0

20

40

60

80

100

Setup DataSingleCoflowCounter

dB

20

40

60

80

100

Frequency (Hz)

Flames

Air Jets

Nozzle: Throat Diameter (Dt) = 3.81 cm; Exit Diameter (De) = 8.64 cm

Fuel : CH4 ; φ = 0.98+−0.04 x/Dt = 1; r/Dt = 9

All with 210 blade swirlers

M0.05 0.075 0.150.1

dB60

70

80

90

100

r/D = 45; x/D = 30 D = 0.8 cm Flame

Ambient : 47 dB

Decreasing φ

Equal Fuel Mass Flow

M 5.00

φ=Inf.

φ=3.7

M ~ 4.5

φ=7.2

φ=5.6φ=3.2

φ=3.7

M ~ 4.14

H2(% in Fuel)C2H4/H2/AirC2H6/H2/AirCH4/H2/AirC2H4/H2/AirC2H6/H2/Air

19.0%19.0%

10.5%10.5%

19.0%Equal Fuel Volume Flow

ResultsSwirler configuration substantially affects the generated noise level and spectra for both reacting and non-reacting swirling flows. The sound pressure generated by methane partially premixed flames scales with M5 compared to M3 for turbulent non-premixed methane flames. Also, the sound pressure generated by partially premixed flames of ethane and ethylene scales as M ~4.5

Documents

Title Design and Development of a Mid Infrared …...Purdue University - School of Mechanical Engineering Title Design and Development of a Mid Infrared Glucose Sensor for Diabetics