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Title
Nuclear Reaction Modelsin
Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System
PHITS
Koji Niita: RIST, Japan
Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan
Hiroshi Iwase: KEK, Japan
Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda,Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAEA, Japan
Davide Mancusi, Lembit Sihver: Chalmers, Sweden
contents
Contents
(1) Overview of PHITS
(2) Application Fields of PHITS
(3) Nuclear Reaction Models in PHITS
(4) Event Generator
PHITS(1)
PHITS : Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System
PHITS is a multi-purpose 3D Monte Carlo transport code system for all particles and Heavy ions with all energies from meV up to 200 GeV.
5 major codes for all particle transport in a world
MCNPX GEANT4 FLUKA MARS PHITS
Lab. Affiliation
LANL CERN,IN2P3INFN,KEK,ES
A,SLAC,TRIUMF
CERNINFN
FNAL JAEA,RISTGSI,KEKChalmers
Univ.
Language Fortran 90/C
C++ Fortran 77 Fortran 95/C
Fortran 77
Release Format
Source & binary
Source & binary
Source & binary
Binary Source & binary
Users ~2000 ~1000 ~1000 220 220
Parallel Exec.
Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Application Fields of PHITS
Application Fields of PHITS Application Fields of PHITS
Space TechnologyCancer Therapy
J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source
Neutron OpticsHeavy Ion Facilities
BNCT Proton and
Heavy Ion Therapy
Dose in Space ShuttleAtmospheric Cosmic-Ray
Accelerator
Moderators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector Energy Deposition
Spallation (2)
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
PHITS for spallation neutron source in J-PARC PHITS for spallation neutron source in J-PARC
RIA Beam production area
RIKEN RI Beam Factory
GSI FAIR : Super-FRS facility
PHITS for High Intensity
Heavy Ion facilities
PHITS for High Intensity
Heavy Ion facilities
48Ca beam track
22C track
Beam stop
Target
RIA Beam production area
Heating in whole system
4He track
3D view by PHITS
PHITS for Shielding of
Proton and Carbon Therapy Facilities
PHITS for Shielding of
Proton and Carbon Therapy Facilities
Dose distribution
3D view by PHITSCT dataVoxel dataDose
distribution
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at Dept. Research Reactor, JAEA
JCDS (Jaeri Computational Dosimetry System) creates the Voxel data from CT and MRI datafor MCNP ( PHITS ) calculation.
BNCT
PHITS for planning system for radiotherapy PHITS for planning system for radiotherapy
Space Radiation
10–8 10–4 100 1040
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0
0.5
1
1.5 d = 101 g/cm2 (~16.0 km)rc = 0.7 GVsmin
Exp. (Goldhagen et al.)
Simulation
Analytical Function
0
0.2
0.4
d = 201 g/cm2 (~11.8km)rc = 4.3 GVsmin
Neutron Energy (MeV)
Neu
tron
Flu
x (c
m–
2 s–1 le
thar
gy–
1 )
d = 1030 g/cm2 (ground level)
rc = 2.7 GVsmin
T. Sato and K. Niita, Radiat. Res., 166 (2006) 544
http//www3.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/rphpwww/radiation-protection/expacs/expacs.html
Galactic Cosmic Ray
Neutron spectrum in any height of atmosphere even at ground level
dose map on ground level
PHITS for neutron spectrum in atmospherePHITS for neutron spectrum in atmosphere
Physical Processes
Physical Processes included in PHITSPhysical Processes included in PHITS
Transport between collisions
Collisions with nucleus
Magnetic FieldGravitySuper mirror (reflection)Mechanical devices, T0 chopper
External Field and Optical devices
Ionization processfor charge particle
SPAR, ATIMA code
Energy stragglingAngle Straggling
Nuclear Data MCNP code ENDF-B/VI, LA150, …..
Particle Induced JAM codeCollisions
Heavy Ion Collisions JQMD code
Nuclear Reaction Models
Introducing JAM (Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles.We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data.
JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV
JAM
Au+Au 200GeV/u in cm
JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) for Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u
56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208Pb
JQMD-1
K. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2620 http://hadron31.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/jqmd/
Analysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD
MCNP
MCNP code for Neutron Transport below 20 MeV with Nuclear Data MCNP code for Neutron Transport below 20 MeV with Nuclear Data
Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System developed by Los Alamos National Lab. for Neutrons, Photons, Electrons by using Evaluated Nuclear Data, such as ENDF, JENDL, …Applications: Nuclear Criticality Safety, Radiation Shielding, Fission Reactor Design, …
n-56Fe Reaction Cross Sections
New Feature (1)
What are we doing in Monte Carlo calculations for particle transport ?
MCNP type code
Solving one-body Boltzmann equation by using the evaluated nuclear data.
energy is conserved in average.no correlations
Only one-body observables
Simulating real phenomena by using event generators.
PHITS for high energy by JAM, JQMD.treat all ejectiles of collisions.energy and momentum are conservedin each collision.
Any observables
Observables beyond one-body quantities are often required.
Event Generator
Event Generator in PHITSEvent Generator in PHITS
We have developed the event generator mode in PHITS for all energy.
Event Generator Mode (2)
Neutron-induced semiconductor soft errorSEU: single event upset
m3
Neutron 19 MeV
Si
Leakage ofrecoil nucleusfrom Si
Deposit Energy Distribution by PHITS
An example of Event Generator Mode An example of Event Generator Mode
Kerma
Conclusions
ConclusionsConclusions
Particle and heavy ion transport code (PHITS) is an essential implement in design study of accelerator facilities for various purpose, in planning system for radiotherapy, and in space radiation.
Description of nuclear reactions in the code is one of the key quantity to determine the accuracy of the transport code.
Tow reaction models: JAM and JQMD and Nuclear data are employed in PHITS to describe the nuclear reactions.
Event generator combined with the nuclear reaction model and the nuclear data is necessary to describe new quantities which are related to the higher order correlations beyond one-body observables.