Title of session

Country Case Study on Water Sector Knowledge and Capacity Development

INDONESIABy: A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D., P.Eng.

30th May 2013

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Presentation Outline

IntroductionCore actors in the water sectorFactors of the ‘Enabling Environment‘Struggles and problems the water sector facesThe transfer of knowledge and capacity development Who is taking the lead in the water sector? Lessons learned from Indonesia Propositions

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INDONESIAIndonesiaThe archipelago has a total of 17,508 islands and isles, of which about 6,000 are inhibited. The area is 5,193,150 km2 – of which 2,027,087 km2 of land territory & sea territory at 3,166,163 km2.

Climate: The climate is

generally

characterized by

equatorial tropical

monsoon climate.

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Republic of Indonesia: August 17th 1945

Decentralization to 508 districts/municipalities and 33

Provinces

Population: About 248,645,008 people (1.5% growth annually)

Ethnicity: 356 ethnic & tribal groups

Language: 583 local languages

Religion: 87% Muslim, 9% Christian, 2% Hindu & Buddhist

Climate: The dry season (Jun-Sep); rainy season (Dec-Mar)

Rainfall: Annual average is about 2,500 mm

DGP: US$ 846.832 Billion (2011)

Income per capita: US$1,206.99 (2011).

Introduction

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Challenges of IWRM

Good Governance

Conservation

Water Supply

Utilization

Flood

Public Participation

Data &Information

Institutional Development

Main Triggers

Population

Population

Other Critical Issues Main Goals

HRC Institution Technology Budget Regulation

Spatial Development

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Top Challenges on IWRM

Institutional strengthening at all levels

Recruitment of staff with higher qualification

Completing laws and policies

Improve communication, coordination, collaboration

Integrating Plan and Budget in IWRM

Proper balance of HRC – Institution – technology –

Budget; Regulatory Instrument and its Enforcement.

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1. Ministry of Public Works : authorizes the D.G.W.R.2. Water related Ministries: Ministry of Environment, Ministry of

Mining and Energy, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture.

3. The National Water Resources Council: newly established with 50% Government and 50% Private.

4. BAPPENAS and the Ministry of Finance: determines the financial support given to the water sector.

5. River Basin Organizations: 3 categories.6. Role of NGOs: marginal in WRM.7. Private Sector: freelancers who do the outsourced works.8. Development agencies: role as brokers. 9. CkNet-Ina: connects universities to the water sector.

The core actors in the water sector

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Formal rules: Law 22/1999 on Regional Governments & Law 25/1999 on Fiscal

balance decentralization Law 7/2004: New management paradigm Regulations: Un-clarities as to “who is responsible for what”

Informal rules: Power distance in the organization (is decreasing), collectivist

characteristics Strong, hierarchy, the boss is always right, passive inactive, egocentricity

Learning at the university: Few water related-majors offered at the university Professors/teachers: inadequate practical experience; Strong focus on structural aspects Learning mentality: lack of life long learning approach

Factors of the ‘Enabling Environment‘

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Lack of actor’s common vision and coordination “Ego-ministerial mentality;

Lack of commitment of local government to manage water management

Free rider behavior

"The water sector is not that attractive"

Struggles and problems the water sector faces

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Job rotationZero-growth policy and outsourcingTraining focuses on technical skill, not managerial.Practical knowledge is missing in the university curriculum Strong reliance on knowledge from abroad The importance of water can be transferred through civil societyKCD on an ad-hoc basis

The transfer of knowledge & capacity development

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Enabling Environment• MPW (DGWR)• BAPPENAS

Organizational level:• MENPAN, it requires to think for other sectors• DGWR, but lower level of capacity development to

convincing the parliament; • Resolving the impact of zero-growth policy• More emphasis on management skills and good

leadership, as well as inter-sector coordination.

Who is taking the lead in the water sector? (1 of 2)

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Individual level:• Universities • Cooperation between PUSDIKLAT and the Universities • PUSDIKLAT

Raising Awareness to address the importance of water• Ministry of Education: for primary school education• NGOs

Who is taking the lead in the water sector? (2 of 2)

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1. Overnight decentralization leads to loss of the capacity in the water sector.

2. A culture in which the boss is always right and little room for learning from mistakes refrains employees from taking initiative and thinking innovatively.

3. Cooperation among the various ministries responsible for water is missing (too much tunnel vision).

4. Knowledge is still perceived as static instead of constantly evolving.

5. It is not the financial aspect which constrains further capacity development, but more the organizing skills to initiate capacity development project.

Lessons learned from Indonesia

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PropositionsIn the process of decentralization, there should be a gradual transition of tasks and responsibilities in order for old and new staff to adjust and adapt their necessary capacity to uptake these responsibilities. Both organisations and (inter)national capacity builders should put more emphasis on the inclusion of local knowledge and experiences of stakeholders to assure their effectiveness. Incentives should be created to stimulate internal innovation and service delivery, and hence lead to better cooperation and performance among water-related actors. There should be a continuous and coherent HR Policy because it is a determinant factor assuring capacity development of the water sector.

Purpose of 5th Symposium

Thank you for your attention

A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D.,P.Eng.Training Institute on Water Resources

Development and Management, Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia

gany@hafied.org