Title Words and Cognitive/Epistemic Structure of Science

Staša Milojević

Indiana University

School of Library and Information Science

smilojev@indiana.edu

Science as heterogeneou

s sociotechnical

network

Adapted from: Akera, A. (2007) Constructing a representation for an ecology of knowledge: Methodological advances in the integration of knowledge and its various contexts. Social Studies of Science, 37(3), 413-441

Scientific documentsKey element in practice of science

(Callon, Courtial, Turner & Banin 1983; Latour & Woolgar 1986)

Shared conceptual system of scientific communities expressed through the terminology used in documents.

Disciplines/fields exist through a medium of ordered language.

Document titles

Function as “attention triggers” (Bazerman 1985,1989)

Have undergone a change during the 20th century, becoming

More informative

More specific

Containing a larger number of words that indicate article content

Leydesdorff (1989) : “title words seem to offer a means of making visible the internal cognitive structure” (p. 217) of a discipline.

Selecting terms for analysis

Identification of stop words and nonspecific words

Identification of unique words

Identification of phrases and construction of joint word/phrase list

Data analysis approaches

Relative word frequency analysis

Co-word analysis and hierarchical clustering

Multidimensional scaling analysis

Heatmap of 100 most frequent terms against LIS journals. Milojević, S., Sugimoto, C. R., Yan, E. and Ding, Y. (2011), The cognitive structure of Library and Information Science: Analysis of article title words. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. doi: 10.1002/asi.21602

12

3

2

9

16

7

6

1113

10

8

15

144

15ISOC

JISJDOC

JAL

IRIPM

CRL

ARIST

OIR

LRTS

LT

LQ

LISR

JASIST

SCIRUSQ

Spatial correlation of Library and Information Science journals based on the 100 most frequent article title terms.

Milojević, S., Sugimoto, C. R., Yan, E. and Ding, Y. (2011), The cognitive structure of Library and Information Science: Analysis of article title words. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. doi: 10.1002/asi.21602

RETRIEVALXSYSTEMCATALOG

BIBLIOGRAPHIC

SCHOOL

COMPUTER

DISTRIBUTION

DATABASE

CENTER

SUBJECT

LAW

CONTROL

PROFESSION

INFORMATIONXSYSTEM

INDICATORONLINE

PUBLISH

COLLEGE

ISSUE

PERFORMANCE

LIBRARY

TEXT

SUPPORT

DECISION

AMERICAN

SCIENTOMETRIC

PUBLICATION

INDEX

LIBRARIAN

LIBRARYXANDXINFORMATIONXSCIENCE

BOOK

COUNTRY

FUTURE

FACULTY

COLLECTION

RANK

RETRIEVAL

SCIENTIFIC

INTERFACE

INSTRUCTION

MEASURE

SURVEY

SCIENCE

BIBLIOMETRIC

INFORMATION

INFORMATIONXRETRIEVAL

INTERNATIONAL

TERM

WORD

DOCUMENT

ACADEMICXLIBRARY

MANAGEMENT

STRUCTURE

BUSINESS

ACADEMIC

PAPERTECHNOLOGY

AUTOMATIC

UNIVERSITY

IMPLICATION

ASSESSMENT

INFORMATIONXSCIENCE

PUBLICXLIBRARY

METHOD

FIELD

CLUSTER

PUBLIC

CITATION

DEVELOP

IMAGE

EVALUATE

LANGUAGEPOLICY

SCHOLARLY

RELEVANCE

SEARCH

AUTHOR

SOCIAL

INFLUENCE

CLASSIFICATION

REFERENCE

STUDENT

COMMUNITY

QUERY

LEARN

COLLABORATION

BUILDING

KNOWLEDGEBEHAVIOR

HEALTH

CHINAINFORMATIONXSEEK

FRAMEWORK

LINK

INTERNET

DIGITALXLIBRARY

ENGINE

E

WEB

INFORMATIONXLITERACY

WEBXSITE

19911989

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2007

2003

2005

Multidimensional scaling diagram between the terms and publication time periods. Milojević, S., Sugimoto, C. R., Yan, E. and Ding, Y. (2011), The cognitive structure of Library and Information Science: Analysis of article title words. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. doi: 10.1002/asi.21602

198919901988

19911992

2004

1987

2003

19931994

2002

1995

2001

2000

1986

199619981999

1997

1985

19841983

19821981

Spatial correlation of time periods (individual years) based on the multidimensional scaling of 100 most frequently occurring article title terms in nanotechnology articles

Milojević, S..(in preparation), The formation and development of nanoscience/nanotechnology: Analysis of article title words

Heatmap of the term “scanning tunneling microscopy”. Diffusion of the term through nanotechnology subfields. PC3 = Physics and chemistry other (e.g. geochemistry & geophysics) => M5 = Materials science => MD2 = Medicine => B2 = Biophysics.

Milojević, S. (in preparation), The formation and development of nanoscience/nanotechnology: What can we learn from article title words?

Thank you!

Staša MilojevićIndiana University, Bloomington

SLIS1320 E. 10th Street, LI Room 019

Bloomington, IN 47405-3907, USA http://www.slis.indiana.edu/faculty/

smilojev/smilojev@indiana.edu

Acknowledgement:Certain data included herein are derived from Nanobank (Lynne G. Zucker and Michael R. Darby, Nanobank Data Description, release 1.0 (beta-test), Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for International Science, Technology, and Cultural Policy and Nanobank, Jan 17, 2007.) and from the Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index of the Institute for Scientific Information®, Inc. (ISI®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: © Copyright Institute for Scientific Information®, Inc. 2006. All rights reserved.