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To Cognize is to Categorize:
Cognition is Categorization
To categorize is to do the right thing with the right kind of thing
Innate Categories
Evolved categories
Color Categorical Perception
Most of our categories are learned. Open a dictionary.
Learned Categories
Trial-and-Error Learningwith corrective feedback
Learned Categorical Perception (CP)
Pevtzow, R. & Harnad, S. (1997)
ERP activity changes during the course of learning
• Upper: learners Lower: non-learners
• Post-learning minus pre-learning
• 200-500 msec 500-800 msec
Upper: learners
Lower: non-learners
Fath-el Bab (2001)
St, Louis & Harnad 2007
Texture category learning
Late ERP positivity in learners (only)
All learning explicit
Late positivity can be induced by telling rule
Sensorimotor Invariants
Tijsseling & Harnad 1997
Implicit and Explicit Learning of Artificial Grammars
Martina Johnson (2006)
Classical Artificial Grammars are too hard to learn with corrective feedback
Grammars easy enough to learn are learned explicitly
0
20
40
60
80
100
easy med hard
% correct test phase
posneg
posonly
negonly
EASY MEDIUM HARD
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
% Correct
The Libet Effect:
Implicit premotor potential precedes conscious willing of movement
The Chinese-Chinese Dictionary
and the Symbol Grounding Problem
Symbolic “Theft” and Language EvolutionA New Way To Acquire Categories
Cangelosi & Harnad 2002
Acquiring Categories Through Definition and Description
“ ‘ZEBRA’ = HORSE + STRIPES ”
Mapping definitional structure in the dictionary
Our Category Commons
Open Access to Scholarly and Scientific Research on the Web
