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Objectives

• To define wellness.• To summarize the seven domains of

wellness.• To examine the impact of nutrition on

wellness.• To evaluate components of a nutritious diet.• To analyze types and characteristics of

malnutrition.

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Main Menu

Wellness

Components of a Nutritious Diet

Malnutrition

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Wellness

• Is a large, abstract idea broken into specific domains encompassing all aspects of a person’s life

• Can have various meanings from one person to the next

• Should be viewed as a continuing process instead of an ending place

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The World Health Organization

• Defines wellness as an optimal state of health

• Denotes two focal concerns for wellness– realization of the fullest potential of an

individual physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually and economically

– fulfillment of one’s role expectations in the family, community, place of worship, workplace and other settings

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The Seven Domains of Wellness

• Compartmentalize the general term of “wellness”

• Are based on the first focal concern for wellness

• Include:

Wellness Wisdom: The domains of wellness are parts of a whole. When one is affected, all of the domains are impacted.

– emotional– financial– intellectual – interpersonal

– occupational– physical– spiritual

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Signs of Emotional Wellness

• Include:– coping with stress in positive ways– recognizing and expressing a full range of

emotions– handling emotions in

appropriate ways– not hiding feelings out

of fear or embarrassment

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Signs of Financial Wellness

• Include:– setting visions and goals for resources– saving and spending efficiently to reach goals– practicing delayed gratification

• Does not include possessing large sums of money– utilize available monetary resources

effectively

Delayed Gratification: ability to prioritize spending; putting needs before wants and saving money to purchase wants

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Signs of Intellectual Wellness

• Include:– seeking new information,

knowledge and skills for the sake of learning

– using new information and knowledge effectively

• Does not include measurements of intelligence

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Signs of Interpersonal Wellness

• Include:– interacting successfully with others– developing close, long-lasting relationships

with individuals– showing vulnerability around close friends– giving and receiving support from others

Wellness Wisdom: Interpersonal wellness does not equal an extroverted personality. Interpersonal wellness focuses on the type and health of relationships in a person’s life.

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Signs of Occupational Wellness

• Include:– making career path decisions which fulfill

personal needs and wants– finding fulfillment and happiness in work– basing career decisions on personal goals

and desires, not on the desires of others

Wellness Wisdom: The average, full-time employed American spends approximately 2,000 hours per year at a job.

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Signs of Spiritual Wellness

• Include:– upholding personal beliefs and mission– seeking out personal meaning and purpose in

life

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Signs of Physical Wellness

• Include:– maintaining a state of good health– carrying out daily activities– practicing physical fitness– consuming a healthy diet– sleeping adequately– developing appropriate personal

hygiene habits

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The Seven Domains of Wellness

• Are all interconnected• Can be thought of as a mobile

– when one arm of the mobile is touched, all other arms are impacted and move as well

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Diet Quality

• Significantly impacts the degree of overall wellness one experiences

• Impacts specific domains of wellness, including:– physical– emotional– occupational

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Poor Nutrition

• Hinders physical wellness– lack of mental and physical energy– body weight issues– increase in incidence of skin blemishes– weakened immune

system – increase in illness

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Poor Nutrition

• Hinders emotional wellness– lowers ability to manage

stress effectively– causes an increase in

negative moods• depression• irritability or anger• fatigue

– increases susceptibility to lowered self-esteem

• poor nutrition can result in weight gain and decreased energy

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Poor Nutrition

• Hinders occupational wellness– decreases mental and physical productivity– decreases alertness

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Common Health Problems

• Include:– the common cold– influenza (the flu)– ear infections– strep throat– chickenpox

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The Common Cold

• Spreads through infected secretions found on surfaces (can survive for hours)

• Can be prevented by covering the nose and mouth when sneezing and washing hands and infected surfaces with an antibacterial wash

• Can be eased through taking over-the-counter medication because there is no direct treatment

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Influenza (The Flu)

• Develops two to three days (incubation period) after contact with an infected person

• Can be prevented through vaccinations for adults and children over six months old and washing hands, as well as covering mouth and nose when sneezing and not sharing drinks

• Can be treated through anti-viral medications in severe cases as antibiotics are not effective

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Ear Infections

• Are caused by water in the ear (outer ear infection) or inflammation and fluid build up behind ear drum, usually a few weeks after an upper respiratory infection (middle ear infection)

• Can be prevented through Prevnar, a vaccine against ear infection bacteria which is recommended for all children under the age of two

• Can be treated through antibiotic ear drops (outer ear infection) or antibiotics or tympmanocentesis procedure (middle ear infection)

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Strep Throat

• Is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, most common in children over three

• Can be prevented through not drinking or eating after an infected person and replacing toothbrushes after infection

• Can be treated through antibiotics, usually penicillin or amoxicillin

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Chickenpox

• Is caused by the Varicella zoster virus• Can be prevented through the Varivax

vaccine• Can be treated through Acyclovir, an anti-

viral medication, in severe cases, but most cases must run their course

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Assessment

1. Which of the following best describes wellness?A. An optimal state of intellect and career successB. An optimal state of interpersonal relationshipsC. An optimal state of physical and mental healthD. An optimal state of health

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the domains of wellness?A. PsychoanalyticalB. EmotionalC. SpiritualD. Interpersonal

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Assessment

3. John focuses the majority of his attention of his physical wellness. He believes if he is physically fit, everything else will take care of itself. Is this a belief which will promote his overall wellness?

A. Yes, because he will be strong and healthy, thus he will rarely be illB. Yes, because his athleticism will win him fame and friends in his schoolC. No, because all domains of wellness are interconnected, when one suffers all are affectedD. No, focusing solely on physical wellness with eventually lead to illness

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Assessment

4. Which of the following is a sign one has a high level of intellectual wellness?

A. Having a high IQB. Going to medical schoolC. Getting straight A’sD. Seeking information for the sake of learning

5. Which of the following is NOT a sign of physical wellness?A. Carrying out daily activitiesB. Interacting successfully with othersC. Sleeping adequatelyD. Practicing physical fitness

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A Nutritious Diet

• Provides the body with the essential nutrients it needs to perform basic life processes– grow and repair tissues– perform all life functions– fight illnesses and diseases– carry out daily activities

• Promotes wellness in all domains

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A Nutritious Diet

• Meets, but does not exceed, an individual’s Calorie requirements– tailored to meet personal health needs

and goals

• Provides the body with adequate amounts of all essential nutrients

• Properly balances nutrients• Is composed of a variety of food sources• Reflects a healthy attitude toward food

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Calorie Requirements for Teens

• Differ based on gender, age and activity level

• Are designed to meet the needs of a majority of individuals in this age range– best to consult with a healthcare professional

to determine Calorie needs

Girls Boys

Ages 9-13 1,600 – 2,000 Cal per day 1,800 – 2,200 Cal per day

Ages 14-18 1,800 – 2,000 Cal per day 2,200 – 2,400 Cal per day

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A Balanced Diet

• Meets the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Adequate Intake (AI) levels

• Provides nutrients from a variety of nutrient-dense foods

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A Balanced Diet

• Is composed of:– 45 to 65 percent carbohydrates– 10 to 30 percent protein– no more than 30 percent fat

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Calorie Sources Per Day

*Based on a 2,000 Calorie Diet*

Carbohydrates 900 to 1,300

Protein 200 to 600

Fat < 600

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A Balanced Diet

• Consists of a variety of foods– calcium-rich foods– fruits and vegetables– lean protein sources– whole grains

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Healthy Eating Habits

• Are essential to maintaining good nutrition

• Develop over the lifespan• Include:

– eat when hungry– avoid emotional or boredom eating– stop eating when satisfied– enjoy less-nutritious food occasionally and not

feel guilty for consumption

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Personal Health Needs

• Differ from person to person• Must be considered when planning a

nutritious diet• Can be identified by discussing with a

health professional

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Assessment

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a nutritious diet?

A. Meets, but does not exceed, daily calorie needsB. Proper balance of essential nutrientsC. Overconsumption during emotional timesD. Composed of a variety of nutritious foods

2. Which of the following people needs a higher number of calories daily?

A. John, age 9, enjoys computers and video gamesB. Doug, age 16, enjoys weight lifting and video gamesC. Susan, age 15, enjoys choir and dramaD. Bethany, age 10, enjoys art and reading

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Assessment

3. Which percentage of one’s diet should come from fats?A. No more than 50 percentB. No more than 40 percentC. No more than 30 percentD. No more than 20 percent

4. Based on a 2,000 Calorie diet, which of the following is the recommended amount of Calories from carbohydrates?

A. 900 to 1,300B. 200 to 600C. < 600D. 1,350 to 2,000

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Assessment

5. Which of the following is NOT considered a healthy eating habit?

A. Eat when hungryB. Avoid emotional eatingC. Stop eating when satisfiedD. Feel guilt after eating nutritious food

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Malnutrition

• Occurs when the body does not receive enough vitamins, minerals or other nutrients in amounts adequate to perform basic body processes

• Can be caused by undernutrition or overnutrition

• Negatively impacts the body’s level of wellness

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Undernutrition

• Does not occur suddenly, but over an extended period of time

• Can be caused by:– reduced food supply or food intake– inability of the body to digest and

utilize certain nutrients• Can be corrected through a change in diet,

increase in amount of food consumed and other methods as suggested by a medical professional

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Overnutrition

• Is more commonly seen in overweight and obese individuals than in individuals who maintain a healthy body weight

• May result in an imbalance of other nutrients in the body

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Overnutrition

• Can be caused by:– consumption of too many Calories or empty

Calorie foods vs. nutrient dense foods– use of too many vitamins or dietary

supplements– inadequate nutritional balance of foods

consumed

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General Symptoms of Malnutrition

• Include:– weight loss– fatigue and dizziness – dry, unhealthy skin, hair and nails– diarrhea– abnormal growth in children,

possibly over growth or under growth depending on the form of malnutrition

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Malnutrition Related Diseases

• Cause illnesses• Include diseases such as:

– iron-deficiency anemia• undernutrition

– type 2 diabetes• typically caused by overnutrition

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Iron-Deficiency Anemia

• Occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce healthy red blood cells

• Symptoms include:– fatigue– shortness of breath– pale complexion– cravings for non-food items

such as ice or dirt

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Type 2 Diabetes

• Occurs when cells do not respond to insulin, causing a build-up of glucose in the blood– insulin is highly

prevalent among overweight and obese people

Insulin- hormone which allows glucose to enter cells

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Type 2 Diabetes

• Can cause a wide array of health problems including:– nerve damage– kidney damage– increased risk of stroke or

heart failure

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Assessment

1. Which of the symptoms below is NOT a sign of malnutrition?A. Weight lossB. DizzinessC. BaldnessD. Diarrhea

2. Which of the following methods can correct forms of malnutrition?

A. Change in dietB. Change in sleep habitsC. Change in exerciseD. Stop smoking

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Assessment

3. Which of the following is a malnutrition related disease?A. Iron-deficiency anemiaB. HypertensionC. LeukemiaD. Chickenpox

4. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of anemia?A. FatigueB. Pale complexionC. Craving dirtD. Sensitivity to cold temperatures

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Assessment

5. Which of the following is a health problem associated with type 2 diabetes?

A. SunburnB. Increased risk of heart failureC. Sensitivity to cold temperaturesD. Hair loss

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Final Assessment

1. Which of the following does NOT describe the term wellness?A. The state of being well as opposed to being sickB. A large, abstract idea broken in to specific domains encompassing all aspects of one’s lifeC. A continuing process instead of an ending placeD. An optimal state of health

2. Which form of malnutrition is more prevalent?A. Low nutritionB. OvernutritionC. Equal nutritionD. Undernutrition

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Final Assessment

3. Which of the following is a healthy eating habit?A. Continuing to eat past the point of satisfactionB. Eating when hungryC. Emotional eatingD. Feeling guilty after eating after eating less-nutritious food

4. How many domains of wellness are there?A. SevenB. SixC. TwoD. Nine

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Final Assessment

5. Which of the following is a sign of emotional wellness?A. Practicing delayed gratificationB. Making career path decisions which fulfill personal needs and wantsC. Not hiding feelings out of fear or embarrassmentD. Showing vulnerability around close friends

6. What is the definition of delayed gratification?A. Placing needs before wants and saving for wants B. Placing wants before needs and saving for needsC. Only purchasing needs and never saving D. Only purchasing wants and never saving

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Final Assessment

7. What is the average number of hours/days a full-time employed American sends on the job?

A. Approximately 175 days per yearB. Less than 1,500 hours per yearC. More than 300 days per yearD. Approximately 2,000 hours per year

8. Based on a 2,000 Calorie diet, which of the following is the recommended amount of Calories from proteins?

A. 900 to 1,300B. 200 to 600C. < 600D. 1,350 to 2,000

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Final Assessment

9. If not treated, what builds up in the blood of a type 2 diabetic person?

A. Red blood cells B. White blood cellsC. LDL cholesterolD. Glucose

10. Which of the following is NOT a sign of interpersonal wellness?

A. Interacting successfully with othersB. Developing close, long-lasting relationships with individualsC. Finding fulfillment and happiness in workD. Showing vulnerability around close friends

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Resources

• A.D.A.M, Inc, (2011). Malnutrition. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001441/

• Division of Student Affairs, (2010). 7 domains of wellness. Retrieved from http://www.uwyo.edu/studentaff/financialwellness/7-domains-of-wellness.html

• Boyers, L. (2011, February 02). Macronutrient ratios in a diet. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/388545-macronutrient-ratios-in-a-diet/

• Johns Hopkins Medicine, (n.d.). Malnutrition. Retrieved from http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/tpl_rlinks_nav1up.aspx?id=5134

• World Health Organization, (n.d.). Health promotion glossary update. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/about/HPR%20Glossary_New%20Terms.pdf

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Resources

• Hawthorne, M. (2011, July 29). Range of calories teens need everyday. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/504735-the-range-of-calories-teens-need-everyday/

• National heart lung and blood institute. (2011, April 1). What is iron-deficiency anemia. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ida/

• A.D.A.M., Inc. (2011). Type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001356/

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AcknowledgementsCollaborator

Candice “Nikki” Howell, P.A.-C.

Mayo Clinic Transplant Center

Executive ProducerGordon W. Davis, Ph.D.

Production CoordinatorsAmanda JordanJessica Odom

Graphic DesignerMelody Rowell

Technical WriterJessica Odom

Brand ManagerMegan O’Quinn

V.P. of Brand ManagementClayton Franklin

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