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To disseminate or not: new answers to an old question. Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. Rethinking the University after Bologna: New Concepts and Practices beyond Tradition and the Market UCSIA Interdisciplinary Conference 12 th – 13 th of December 2008 University of Antwerp. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TO DISSEMINATE OR NOT: NEW ANSWERS TO AN OLD
QUESTIONAlma Swan
Key Perspectives LtdTruro, UK
Rethinking the University after Bologna:New Concepts and Practices beyond Tradition and the MarketUCSIA Interdisciplinary Conference 12th – 13th of December 2008University of Antwerp
What are universities for?
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Daniel Coit Gilman First President, Johns Hopkins University
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Old values Enabling and encouraging intellectual
endeavour Scholarship for its own worth Collaborative spirit in the furtherance of society Collegiate view of the academic community
worldwide
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The last few decades Bayh-Dole Governments requiring universities to exploit IP Encouraged an attitude of risk-taking (which is not a core
value of the academy) Fostered a spirit of competition between academic
institutions (a serious one) Funding “linked to strategic priorities and specific
outcomes rather than philanthropy” (Wellings) Loss of the public service model “Lofty ideal became lowly ambition” (Macdonald) Secrecy transcended sharing Compromise of the commons
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The knowledge commons Knowledge created in the academy was
disseminated as effectively as possible by scholarly societies and university presses
Base values: Collaboration and cooperation Sharing Societal benefit
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‘The tragedy of the anti-commons’*
Relinquished to commercial publishers (N.B. are they entrepreneurial and risk-taking?)
Even academy publishers are now largely ‘commercial’
Values: Commons became ownership Ownership is outside the academy Permissions, rights, restrictions…. Compromising research efficacy Diminishing the public good
*Armbruster Key Perspectives Ltd
University of EdinburghStrategic Plan 2008-12
“The mission of our University is the creation, dissemination and curation of knowledge.”
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Open Access
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Open Access Immediate Free (to use) Free (of restrictions) Access to the peer-reviewed literature (and
data): circa 25,000 journals Not vanity publishing Not a ‘stick anything up on the Web’ approach Moving scholarly communication into the Web
Age
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Open Access: Who benefits? Benefits to researchers themselves Benefits to institutions Benefits to national economies Benefits to science and society N.B. It was the funders who saw this first
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What are universities for?
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University of EdinburghStrategic Plan 2008-12
“The mission of our University is the creation, dissemination and curation of knowledge.”
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Open Access policiesPolicies Mandates
Current ProposedInstitutional 27 25 2Departmental 2 4Multi-institutional 4Funder 7 30 5Totals 36 59 11
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EurOpenScholar Group of universities that wish to further Open
Access and improve scholarly communication Share those core values of dissemination and
maximising the public good Chair: Professor Bernard Rentier, rector of the
University of Liège Open to all institutions who subscribe to its values
and aims No longer just Europe (we need a new name!) Membership is at senior management level Contact: Alma Swan
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Thank you for listening
www.keyperspectives.co.uk
www.keyperspectives.com
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