To Every Day Problems

Schedule

MondayInquiring: Research & Scaffolding• Outline• Exploring existing optical

solutions to problems around us

Integrating: Designing Problem and Ideation• Introduction to Transit of

Venus and problems faced by HCI astronomy club by Dr. Lim Jit Ning

Tuesday

Inquiring: Research & Scaffolding• Design Thinking• Research &

Brainstorming for possible solutions

• Integrating: Designing Problem and Ideation

• Consultation with expert mentor, Mr. Tan Peng Kian

Schedule

Wednesday

• Inventing: Modeling & Prototyping

• Prototype construction• Testing & refining

prototype

Thursday• Innovating: Connecting

the Value Chain• Presentation of principles

of design and demonstration of prototype

• Presentation of possible implementation issues associated with solution

• Reflection on the process

Schedule

Friday

• Inquiring: Research & Scaffolding

• Inquiring on possible project ideas for Projects Day

• Integrating: Designing Problem and Ideation

• Sharing of project idea for PD

• Sabbatical Feedback

Reflections

• Daily Summary of Learning Points• Each team of students will be tasked to write a summary on learning

points and activities for each sabbatical day.• For example: Team 1 to be in charge of Monday. Team 2 to be in charge of

Tuesday…• Challenges

• Short write-ups complemented with pictures/videos

• Daily reflections must be completed by 5pm at end of each day

• Forum• Students are encouraged to post queries on the forum

Reflections

• Special Instruction for the last 2-3 days (Inventing & Innovating Stage)• Each team will need to share their idea & prototype on the

wiki, either using photos or short video clip (to show how the prototype works)

• External mentor: Mr Ronian Siew will be invited to take a look at your work

• Some pointers for consideration in your sharing:1. Explain the purpose and use of your creation

2. Describe how the design was created

3. Highlight problems faced and how the team managed to overcome them

4. Explore the possibilities on expanding the project idea

WHAT IF…There was no Optic Science?

What would life be without…

IMPORTANCE…

Why do you think they were invented?

How do they work?

How have they changed the way we perceive the world?

How have they changed the way we function in the world?

History

http://www.toonpool.com/user/997/files/atronomer_lens_cap_telescope_471475.jpg

Galileo Galilei

Isaac Newton

NASA, ESA, CSA

Was HE the inventor?

http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umbarkm4/Full_Webpage/Hubble%20Pictures/hubble_diagram.jpg

Hubble Telescope (1990-2014)

Past

Present

Future…

• Health Applications• Tests• Imaging• Scans

• Urban Applications• Measuring pollution• Controlling traffic• Airport security: Counter-terrorism efforts

• Astronomy• Geography

• Mirrors to block sunlight to prevent global warming?• Adding more apps to our phone

• Mirror?• Magnifying glasses?• Reading glasses?

Airport Security: Controversy – Security or Invasion of Privacy?

Biometrics: From Reel to RealNo longer just Hollywood fantasy, biometric systems are about to touch your life. From fingerprint to iris scans, here's how the technology affects you.By Dan Tynan, PCWorld    May 19, 2005

FingerprintsWhere have I seen this before? A common plot element of Hollywood spy thrillers, fingerprint scanners allow National Security Agency officials in Enemy of the State to enter secure areas and access computer systems.

How does it work? An optical scanner captures an image of the ridges and furrows of your fingerprint, then compares the minute details--the places where ridges end or fork--against those of a fingerprint image on file.

Can it be beaten? Yes. In 2002, Japanese researcher Tsutomu Matsumoto demonstrated several ways to create a fake fingerprint out of gelatin that could be worn by an identity thief.

Airport Security

FaceWhere have I seen this before? In Tomorrow Never Dies, James Bond (Pierce Brosnan) uses facial recognition to identify terrorist Henry Gupta (Rickey Jay) from videotape captured at an arms deal gone bad.

How does it work? There are several ways to perform facial recognition. The most common method uses a camera to capture an image of your face, which is analyzed for certain "nodal points," such as the distance between your eyes or the width of your nose. A unique "template" (a series of numbers) is generated based on these nodal points and then compared against other templates.

How accurate is it? According to tests conducted by the National Institute of Science and Technology, the best systems achieve 80- to 90-percent accuracy in controlled conditions. However, results vary depending on lighting and the angle at which the face is presented, as well as the gender and age of the person being scanned. 

Where have I seen this before? In Minority Report, shoppers at a mall are identified via eye scans as they walk by (and are then shown targeted ads that call them by name). In a particularly gruesome scene, John Anderton (Tom Cruise) replaces his own eyeballs to avoid being recognized by the Pre-Crime Police.

How does it work? There are two forms of eye scans. A retinal scan measures the pattern of blood vessels in the back of the eye, and is obtained by shining an infrared light through the pupil. An iris scan can be performed using a video camera, and examines the unique patterns of ridges on the colored portion of your eye.

Can it be beaten? To some degree--and without gouging out your eyes. Colored contact lenses can reduce the accuracy of iris scans, as can the use of drugs that dilate your pupils. Some iris scanners have been defeated by holding up a high-resolution photo of an "authorized" eye, with a hole cut to reveal the faker's actual pupil.

Airport Security

Importance (Humanities)

Urban:• Cameras for speeding cars• Develop new high-intensity headlights for cars

History:• Digitally restore ancient documents• Improve clarity in scanners for documents• Preserve historic sites by locating moisture areas in walls

Geography:• Monitor volcanic activity and lava flow• Study air pollution with laser-based systems• Study the atmosphere and ozone distribution• Map wildfires• Map haze

Measuring Light PollutionIn Singapore

iPhone app detects blood sugar without drawing blood

• Researchers at Northeastern University (Boston, MA) have developed a new way for iPhones to measure blood sugar levels without drawing blood, as reported byMIT Technology Review.

• Professor Heather Clark at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Northeastern modified an iPhone to noninvasively monitor biomarkers to measure blood rather than drawing it. To accomplish this, the system requires a person to be injected with a small amount of nanoparticle solution, which glows when exposed to molecules such as glucose. Then, an iPhone equipped with a battery-powered case, camera lens filter and LED array reads the levels of fluorescence and sends the results to a computer for analysis. In the future, Clark plans to create an iPhone app to analyze nanoparticle data, enabling users to track other biomarkers such as sodium and blood oxygen levels.

• Using the modified iPhone system, Clark says thatpeople may also monitor the effects of new drugs in the bloodstream in real time.

• With increased demand for medical apps that make healthcare more accessible and economical, other available iPhone apps can analyze stroke victims' brains, read EKG scans, detect malaria and dengue fever, and detect melanoma.

25/07/2011http://www.bioopticsworld.com/articles/2011/07/iphone-app-detects-blood-sugar-without-drawing-blood.html

World’s Smallest Microscope Focuses In On Cancer

August 2011• CHICAGO --New technology is giving surgeons the ability to not

only detect cancer earlier, but also immediately treat it and it’s all done virtually through the world’s smallest microscope.

http://www.ivanhoe.com/science/story/2011/08/900a.html