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1. Identify the importance, purpose, and principles
of effective assessment and analysis in overall
food security processes.
2. Describe the role of the cluster coordinator in
coordinating and supporting assessments and
analysis of food security within a cluster
framework.
3. Identify various tools, frameworks, and standards
used to collect and analyse data.
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS – LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Assessment and Analysis
In times of great change, learners inherit the earth,while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped for
a world that no longer exists.
Assessment and Analysis
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
KEY MESSAGES
• Assessment and analysis drive strategy and
response
• Cluster provides assessment and analysis
coordination and support
• Joint/shared assessments are ideals but ensuring
coordinated assessment is more important
• Shared analysis is the most important aim
Why is this subject covered?
Cluster staff need to understand the importance of food security
sector assessment and analysis and their role in coordination. They
must also have a basic understanding of the various assessment and
analysis tools available.
How does this relate to my day to day tasks?
Cluster staff help guide the joint or coordinated assessment and
analysis performed together by cluster partners in order to set the
stage for coordinated development of a coherent food security sector
strategy.
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
RELEVANCE
Assessment and Analysis
Assessment and Analysis
Project planning & implementation by individual organizations – Sector analysis, planning & monitoring by the Cluster
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS – WHY
IMPORTANT?
FOOD SECURITY CLUSTER- TOR
Assessment and Analysis
What does the FSC do?
1. Ensure predictable and accountable leadership
2. Represent the food security community in the different country level fora
3. Support coordination in assessment planning and response, strategy
4. Develop benchmarks and indicators
5. Advocacy for entire food security community, not just specific partners
6. Strengthen national/local systems
7. Ensure quality of response, promotion of appropriate standards and delivery of
services
8. Ensure shared understanding of early recovery
9. Learn and build upon best practices
10. Ensure partnership and inclusiveness
Actio
ns
Coor
dina
ted
Gui
danc
e fo
r Co
ordi
natio
n
Assessment and Analysis
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS COORDINATION – WHY AND HOW
‘ensuring…effective cluster and inter-cluster coordination through collective planning of assessments and response’
• Support coordination in assessment planning, response, and strategy
• Strengthen national/local systems• Ensure understanding of early recovery• Ensure partnership and inclusiveness
Ensure Partnership & Inclusiveness
• Identify key entities for inclusion
• Optimize complement.
Support Coordination
• IM: 4Ws for Assessment• IM: Data consolidation/analysis• Joint or harmonized activities• Gap analysis• Agree on technical standards
and tools• Facilitate inter-cluster
assessment and analysis coordination
Strengthen Nat’l Systems / Early Recovery
• Existing• Training/
assistance• Disaster
Mgmt• Recovery
How?
Why?
Assessment and Analysis
The lack of coordination…
“The international response to this crisis has been slow to get off the ground. It has been slowed by a succession of uncoordinated assessments spanning a period of three months since the indicators of drought first became known, and a concern on the part of donors that the use of different assessment tools by different actors rendered it impossible to make informed decisions regarding the scale and nature of the response.”
“The first phase is now complete and affirms that substantial assistance is required to address immediate humanitarian needs. Donors should however be cognisant of the fact that the latest reports exclude the assessments of the majority of NGOs.”
• Timeliness
• Relevance
• Coverage
• Validity
• Transparency
• Accuracy
• Consistency
• Participation
• Cross-Cutting
• Unassessed
Assessment and Analysis
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS TOOLS, FRAMEWORKS, AND STANDARDS - PRINCIPLES
Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment
Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA)
Initial Rapid Assessment
EMMA
EFSA
IPC
Seeds Systems Security
Assessment (SSSA)
Methodology for Rapid Humanitarian Assessment
SPHERE
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS-TOOLS, FRAMEWORKS AND STANDARDS
Assessment and Analysis
Livelihood Assessment Toolkit (LAT)
Household Economy Analysis (HEA)
CFSVA
CFSAM
MCRAM/MIRALEGS
?
MIFIRA
Assessment and Analysis
ASSESSMENT/ANALYSIS TOOLS, FRAMEWORKS AND STANDARDS
Primary Data Collection Methods CFSVA: Comprehensive FS & Vulnerability Analysis EFSA: Emergency Food Security AssessmentEMMA: Emergency Market Mapping and AnalysisHEA: Household Economy ApproachMcRAM: Multi-cluster Rapid Assessment Mechanism (Pakistan)MIRA: Multi-Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment – IASC LAT: Livelihoods Analysis ToolLEGS: Livestock Emergency Guidelines & StandardsIRLAG: Integrated Rapid Livelihoods Assessment Guidelines PDNA/PCNA*: Post-Conflict/Post-Disaster needs AssessmentsSSSA: Seed Systems Security Assessment VCA: Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment
Assessment Standards: SPHERE, SMART, LEGS
Analysis Frameworks IPC: Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
NAF: Needs Analysis Framework
PCNA/PDNA*
*Often consolidate previously collected data for recovery response planning
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS –
TOOLS, FRAMEWORKS AND STANDARDS
Preliminary Scenario DefinitionSecondary data, direct observationBest guess
E.g.: Multi-cluster Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA)
Sampling, questionnaire
Baseline for monitoring
Multi-sector damage/loss assessment (e.g. PDNA)
Situation monitoring / surveillance
Performance Monitoring
Representative sampling, surveys
In-depth assessments
Situation monitoring / surveillance
Performance Monitoring
Re-assessments if needed
Det
ails
and
re
pres
enta
tiven
ess
DAYS from onset
Increasing complexity
1-3 days 2 weeks Weeks 3-4 onwards
Assessment and Analysis
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Zero
Pha
se:
Prep
are
& C
P
Assessment and Analysis
COORDINATED ASSESSMENT & ANALYSIS – WHAT IS IT?
• Impact on people and support systems
• Forecast of situation• Needs for survival,
protection, and recovery of livelihoods
• Needs for recovery of support systems
• Available resources
1-2 days 5-6 days 3-4 daysInitial
Decision
Planning Field Work Analysis and Reporting
• Compile secondary data• Agree objectives, scope of work,
and timeframe• Coordinate with HC and key
clusters• Agree info requirements,
collection methods, site selection• Agree/prepare tool• Personnel/equip prep• Coordinate with key officials
• Team field visits• Joint or
harmonized• Multi-cluster or
sector specific
• Process/analyze dataSituation analysis• Prioritized problems• Prioritized needs/gaps• Prioritized risks(Response analysis)RecommendationsDisseminate
Desired Information
Your thoughts?
• Joint Food Security Assessments
and/or Individual Organizations?
• Multi-sectoral and/or specific
sector Assessments?
• Joint Situation Analysis or
Individual Organizations?
• Focus on Relief or Relief +
Recovery?
• Sudden on-set vs. Other
situations?
Assessment and Analysis
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS COORDINATION – QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES
Two questions, then:
1. What are the benefits
of sharing in data
collection?
2. What are some of the
techniques for
coordinating data
collection?
Assessment and Analysis
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS – TOOLS, FRAMEWORKS AND STANDARDS
TECHNICAL CONSENSUS & COMMON LANGUAGE
Classifying the severity of scenarios and impact
on human lives and livelihoods.
CLEARER EARLY WARNING
Promotes timely and meaningful analysis to
influence decision making.
STRATEGIC RESPONSE
Explicitly state appropriate responses
for immediate, medium, longer term
requirements
Ratio
nale
:
• Analysis Templates
• Cartographic Protocols
• Population Tables
Com
pone
nts:
• Core Reference Tables
RESPONSE ANALYSIS
links situation analysis to the design of appropriate strategic
food security interventions, promoting a broad range of
responses
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Basis for identifying fundamental aspects of a
situation (severity, causes, magnitude, etc.)
Out
put:
ANALYSIS – IPC EXAMPLE
Assessment and Analysis
IPC Acute Scale Reference Outcomes
• Mortality
• Nutritional Status
• Food Consumption (quantity and nutritional quality)
• Livelihood Change (assets and strategies)
→CDR & U5MR/ ppd
→% w/2z score; BMI
→Quantity vs 2,100 kcal/pp/day; HH Diet Diversity Score (HDDS); Food Consumption Score (FCS); CSI; etc
→Asset depletion; coping strategies
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
EXERCISE - BACKGROUND
Situation Analysis: Review templates from Somalia 2009.
1. Use the IPC to help identify phase of the
Key Reference Outcomes
2. Identify the overall IPC Phase
3. Identify 3-5 Priority Problems (access,
availability, utilization-groups, locations)Assessment and Analysis
Why is this subject covered?
Cluster staff need to understand the importance of food security
sector assessment and analysis and their role in coordination. They
must also have a basic understanding of the various assessment and
analysis tools available.
How does this relate to my day to day tasks?
Cluster staff help guide the joint or coordinated assessment and
analysis performed together by cluster partners in order to set the
stage for coordinated development of a coherent food security sector
strategy.
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
RELEVANCE
Assessment and Analysis