Today:Today:

Quiz 7Quiz 7 Hormones and the Hormones and the

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Two OptionsTwo Options The nervous systemThe nervous system Signaling Molecules! Signaling Molecules!

(the (the Endocrine Endocrine SystemSystem))

Types and Functions??Types and Functions??

How Does an Animal Body How Does an Animal Body Communicate to Coordinate Function?Communicate to Coordinate Function?

Types of Types of Signaling EventsSignaling Events

Usually categorized by Usually categorized by structure and mode structure and mode of synthesis.of synthesis.

Useful Idea: Where Useful Idea: Where will the targets of will the targets of each of these each of these molecules have to molecules have to be???be???

Types of HormonesTypes of Hormones

Predicting Predicting Reception Reception LocationLocation

Signaling by Water-Soluble Signaling by Water-Soluble HormonesHormones

Can trigger activation of Can trigger activation of enzymes, uptake or enzymes, uptake or secretion, rearrangement secretion, rearrangement of cytoskeleton, or of cytoskeleton, or transcription changestranscription changes

Example: EpinephrineExample: Epinephrine

How should your blood How should your blood sugar level respond to a sugar level respond to a surge in epinephrine surge in epinephrine (adrenaline)?(adrenaline)?

Cell-Surface Reception Usually Cell-Surface Reception Usually Requires Signal TransductionRequires Signal Transduction

Let’s Watch:http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=V_0EcUr_txk

Intra-Intra-Cellular Cellular

Receptors Receptors for Lipid for Lipid Soluble Soluble

HormonesHormones

Aside: Interesting Aside: Interesting Application of Vg Expression?Application of Vg Expression?

Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Male Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Male Fathead Minnow as an Indicator of Fathead Minnow as an Indicator of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in an Aquatic Chemicals (EDCs) in an Aquatic

EnvironmentEnvironmentObjective:Objective:

To develop molecular tools for monitoring fish To develop molecular tools for monitoring fish exposures to EDCs implicated in feminization of exposures to EDCs implicated in feminization of male fish around the world and in USA, that are male fish around the world and in USA, that are present in surface waters, effluents from sewage present in surface waters, effluents from sewage treatment plants and sedimentstreatment plants and sediments

Multiple Responses From a Single Multiple Responses From a Single Hormone: Back to EpinephrineHormone: Back to Epinephrine

An Aside: So Why Epi-Pens??An Aside: So Why Epi-Pens??

In Anaphylaxis, patients experience

bronchial constriction and systemic vasodilation...

Localized SignalingLocalized Signaling Can be paracrine (from neighboring cells) or Can be paracrine (from neighboring cells) or

autocrine (same cell)autocrine (same cell) Fast!Fast! Examples: cytokines, growth factors, nitric Examples: cytokines, growth factors, nitric

oxide (NO), prostoglandinsoxide (NO), prostoglandins

Negative Feedback in the Endocrine Negative Feedback in the Endocrine System Supports HomeostasisSystem Supports Homeostasis

Homeostatic challenges in your

duodenum??

Paired Paired Pathways: Pathways: Insulin and Insulin and GlucagonGlucagon

Ideal Blood Ideal Blood Sugar: 90-Sugar: 90-100mg/100mL100mg/100mL

Balanced by Balanced by two negative two negative feedback loops feedback loops (antagonists!)(antagonists!)

Adding the Nervous System to the Adding the Nervous System to the StoryStory

Neurohormones play Neurohormones play critical functions in critical functions in reproduction and reproduction and metamorphosis in metamorphosis in invertebratesinvertebrates

Example: Example: prophoracicotrophic prophoracicotrophic hormone (PTTH) hormone (PTTH) triggers ecdysis and triggers ecdysis and metamorphosismetamorphosis

Vertebrate Coordination of Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Endocrine and Nervous

SystemsSystems Hypothalmus: Hypothalmus:

endocrine endocrine gland in the gland in the brain of brain of vertebratesvertebrates

Vertebrate Coordination of Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Endocrine and Nervous

SystemsSystems Oxytocin: Oxytocin:

Positive-feedback Positive-feedback mechanism mechanism involved in involved in release of milk release of milk from mammary from mammary glands and glands and uterine uterine contractioncontraction

Vertebrate Vertebrate Coordination Coordination of Endocrine of Endocrine and Nervous and Nervous

Systems: Systems: ADHADH

What would an Anti-Diuretic

Hormone (ADH) do?

When would I produce it?

Vertebrate Vertebrate Coordination Coordination of Endocrine of Endocrine and Nervous and Nervous

Systems: Systems: ADHADH

Vertebrate Coordination of Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Endocrine and Nervous

SystemsSystems Anterior pituitary Anterior pituitary

produces a variety of produces a variety of tropic and nontropic tropic and nontropic hormoneshormones

Tropic hormones Tropic hormones regulate the function of regulate the function of endocrine cells or glands. endocrine cells or glands. Example: Example: TSHTSH

Nontropic hormones Nontropic hormones target nonendocrine target nonendocrine tissues. Example: tissues. Example: MSHMSH

Vertebrate Coordination of Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Endocrine and Nervous

SystemsSystems

Vertebrate Coordination of Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Endocrine and Nervous

SystemsSystems A few hormones, A few hormones,

like Growth like Growth Hormone (GH) Hormone (GH) have both tropic have both tropic and nontropic and nontropic effectseffects

These impacts make GH tempting for adult athletes to abuse!

Rugby player makes history with Rugby player makes history with growth hormone bangrowth hormone ban

By ROBERT MILLWARD, AP Sports Writer Robert Millward, Ap Sports By ROBERT MILLWARD, AP Sports Writer Robert Millward, Ap Sports Writer Writer – Mon Feb 22, 2010 2:48 pm ET– Mon Feb 22, 2010 2:48 pm ET

LONDON – In a major breakthrough in the fight against doping, a British rugby league player has become the first athlete to be suspended for using human growth hormone.Terry Newton admitted taking the substance in a statement released by his attorneys on Friday. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping authority announced a two-year ban on Monday after Newton was fired by his club, Wakefield."It's the first time and very significant," WADA director general David Howman said. "It shows the people who say that HGH cannot be detected that it can. The sports people who said it can't be detected are fooling themselves."

Example: Example: TSHTSH, a tropic , a tropic

hormone, acts hormone, acts in a in a hormone hormone

cascadecascade

Functions of the Thyroid HormoneFunctions of the Thyroid Hormone

Involved in both homeostasis Involved in both homeostasis (blood pressure, heart rate, (blood pressure, heart rate, etc.) and developmentetc.) and development

Excessive secretion = Excessive secretion = hyperthyroidism (high temp, hyperthyroidism (high temp, high blood pressure, weight high blood pressure, weight loss)loss)

Insufficient production = Insufficient production = hypothyroidism (weight gain, hypothyroidism (weight gain, lethargy, intolerance to cold)lethargy, intolerance to cold)

Iodine was added to salt Iodine was added to salt in 1924 when up to a in 1924 when up to a third of US adults third of US adults suffered from goiter!suffered from goiter!

Controlling Calcium (CaControlling Calcium (Ca2+)2+)

Stress and the Adrenal GlandStress and the Adrenal Gland

Moving on to ApplicationsMoving on to Applications