Today’s ChecklistToday’s Checklist

• Thinking outside the boxThinking outside the box

• Dear RND – Reading and discussionDear RND – Reading and discussion

• Literary terms introductionLiterary terms introduction

• What will your verse be? What will your verse be?

Literary TermsLiterary TermsWe will be using these literary We will be using these literary terms throughout the semester. terms throughout the semester.

We will use the following terms:We will use the following terms:

Character Character AntagonistAntagonist ProtagonistProtagonist

DictionDiction DenotationDenotation ConnotationConnotation

ImageryImagery MoodMood Plot Plot

ExpositionExposition Rising ActionRising Action ClimaxClimax

Falling ActionFalling Action ResolutionResolution ConflictConflict

FlashbackFlashback ForeshadowingForeshadowing SuspenseSuspense

Point of ViewPoint of View SettingSetting StyleStyle

ThemeTheme ToneTone Figures of SpeechFigures of Speech

MetaphorMetaphor SimileSimile OxymoronOxymoron

PersonificationPersonification AlliterationAlliteration

CharacterCharacter

A character is a person or A character is a person or an animal that takes part an animal that takes part in the in the action of a literary action of a literary work. work.

AntagonistAntagonist

•The Antagonist is a character The Antagonist is a character or force or force in conflict in conflict with a main with a main character, or protagonist. character, or protagonist.

Do you know your Do you know your Antagonists???Antagonists???

• On your paper take a few minutes to On your paper take a few minutes to write down some Antagonists that write down some Antagonists that you can recall from movies, you can recall from movies, television shows, and video gamestelevision shows, and video games

• Remember the Antagonist is in Remember the Antagonist is in conflict with the Protagonist or, main conflict with the Protagonist or, main character!character!

• Helpful hint – you should now know Helpful hint – you should now know why people use the saying “Don’t why people use the saying “Don’t antagonize me!”antagonize me!”

ProtagonistProtagonist

•The Protagonist is the The Protagonist is the main charactermain character in a literary in a literary workwork

•Can you name some Can you name some famous Protagonists that famous Protagonists that are found in literature?are found in literature?

DictionDiction• Diction is the Diction is the manner in which manner in which

we express wordswe express words; the wording ; the wording used.used.

• Diction = enunciationDiction = enunciation

• Some easy examples are:Some easy examples are: Don’t say ‘goin’ – say ‘going’, Don’t say ‘wanna’ – say ‘want to’Don’t say ‘goin’ – say ‘going’, Don’t say ‘wanna’ – say ‘want to’

DenotationDenotationThe denotation of a word The denotation of a word is its is its dictionary dictionary meaning, meaning, independent independent of other associations of other associations that the word may have.that the word may have.

ConnotationConnotationThe connotation of a word is the The connotation of a word is the set of set of

ideas associated ideas associated with it in addition to its with it in addition to its explicit meaning. explicit meaning.

The connotation of a word can be The connotation of a word can be personal, based on individual personal, based on individual experiences. More often, experiences. More often, cultural cultural connotationsconnotations – those recognizable by – those recognizable by most people in a group – determine a most people in a group – determine a writer’s word choices.writer’s word choices.

Denotation versus Denotation versus ConnotationConnotation

Some examples – Some examples –

Cheap is “low in cost” (denotation) but Cheap is “low in cost” (denotation) but “stingy” or “poorly made” are the “stingy” or “poorly made” are the connotations of connotations of cheap cheap

Let’s use the word Let’s use the word HOT HOT

The denotation The denotation (or dictionary definition – remember d in (or dictionary definition – remember d in

denotation = dictionary)denotation = dictionary) of of HOTHOT is: having a is: having a temperature higher than that of a human temperature higher than that of a human body. body.

However, when you say “Man! He/She is However, when you say “Man! He/She is hot!”, are you saying “Man! He is having a hot!”, are you saying “Man! He is having a temperature higher than that of a human temperature higher than that of a human body!”? No!! body!”? No!!

You are saying the CONNOTATION of HOT – You are saying the CONNOTATION of HOT – which could mean a variety of things – man which could mean a variety of things – man he/she is cute, attractive, beautiful, and he/she is cute, attractive, beautiful, and many other meanings – those come from many other meanings – those come from personal experiences and cultural personal experiences and cultural meanings, etc.meanings, etc.

ImageryImageryImageryImagery is words or phrases that appeal is words or phrases that appeal

to to one or more of the five senses.one or more of the five senses.

Writers use imagery to describe how Writers use imagery to describe how their subjects look, sound, feel, taste, their subjects look, sound, feel, taste,

and smell.and smell.

MOODMOODMoodMood, or atmosphere, is the , or atmosphere, is the feeling created feeling created

in the reader by a literary work or in the reader by a literary work or passage. passage.

Writers use many devices to create mood, Writers use many devices to create mood,

including including images, dialogue, setting, and images, dialogue, setting, and plot. plot.

Often, a writer creates a mood at the Often, a writer creates a mood at the

beginning of a work and then sustains the beginning of a work and then sustains the mood throughout. Sometimes, however, mood throughout. Sometimes, however, the mood of the work changes the mood of the work changes dramatically. dramatically.

FlashbackFlashbackA flashback is a literary device in A flashback is a literary device in

which an which an earlier episode, earlier episode, conversation, or event conversation, or event is is inserted into the sequence of inserted into the sequence of events. Often flashbacks are events. Often flashbacks are presented as presented as a memorya memory of the of the narrator or of another character.narrator or of another character.

The movie The movie TitanicTitanic is told almost is told almost entirely in a flashback. entirely in a flashback.

What are some other films that contain What are some other films that contain flashback to help tell stories?flashback to help tell stories?

The NotebookThe Notebook

Willy WonkaWilly Wonka

Think of some more…Think of some more…

Flashback continued…

ForeshadowingForeshadowingForeshadowing is the author’s Foreshadowing is the author’s use of use of

clues clues to hint at what might happen to hint at what might happen later in the story. later in the story.

Writers use foreshadowing to build Writers use foreshadowing to build their readers’ expectations and to their readers’ expectations and to create suspense. create suspense.

This is used to help readers prepare for This is used to help readers prepare for what is to come.what is to come.

Can you think of Can you think of an element of an element of

foreshadowing?foreshadowing?

SuspenseSuspense

Suspense is the Suspense is the growing interest and growing interest and excitement excitement readers experience while readers experience while awaiting a climax or resolution in a work of awaiting a climax or resolution in a work of literature. literature.

It is a feeling of anxious uncertainty about It is a feeling of anxious uncertainty about the outcome of events. the outcome of events.

Writers create suspense by Writers create suspense by raising raising questions in the minds of their readers.questions in the minds of their readers.

SettingSettingThe setting of a literary work is the time and The setting of a literary work is the time and

place of the action. place of the action. The setting includes all the details of a place The setting includes all the details of a place

and time – the year, the time of day, even and time – the year, the time of day, even the weather. The place may be a specific the weather. The place may be a specific country, state, region, community, country, state, region, community, neighborhood, building, institution, or home. neighborhood, building, institution, or home.

Details such as dialect, clothing, customs, and Details such as dialect, clothing, customs, and modes of transportation are often used to modes of transportation are often used to establish setting. establish setting.

In most stories, the setting serves as a In most stories, the setting serves as a backdrop – a context in which the backdrop – a context in which the characters interact. The setting of a story characters interact. The setting of a story often helps to create a particular mood, or often helps to create a particular mood, or feeling.feeling.

ThemeThemeThe theme of a literary work is its The theme of a literary work is its central central message, concern, or purpose. message, concern, or purpose.

A theme can usually be expressed as a A theme can usually be expressed as a generalization, or general statement, about generalization, or general statement, about people or life. people or life.

The theme may be stated directly by the writer The theme may be stated directly by the writer although it is more often presented indirectly. although it is more often presented indirectly. When the theme is stated indirectly, the When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader must figure out the theme by looking reader must figure out the theme by looking carefully at what the work carefully at what the work reveals about the reveals about the people or about life.people or about life.

ToneToneTone is a reflection of a writer’s or speaker’s Tone is a reflection of a writer’s or speaker’s

attitude toward a subject of a poem, story, attitude toward a subject of a poem, story, or other literary work. Tone may be or other literary work. Tone may be communicated through words and details communicated through words and details that express particular emotions and that that express particular emotions and that evoke and emotional response from the evoke and emotional response from the reader. reader.

For example, word choice or phrasing may For example, word choice or phrasing may seem to convey respect, anger, seem to convey respect, anger, lightheartedness, or sarcasm.lightheartedness, or sarcasm.

SimileSimileA Simile is another figure of speech that A Simile is another figure of speech that

compares seemingly unlike things. compares seemingly unlike things. Simile’s DO use the words Simile’s DO use the words likelike or or asas..

Example: Her voice was like nails on a Example: Her voice was like nails on a chalkboard.chalkboard.

Can you think of other similes?Can you think of other similes?

MetaphorMetaphorA Metaphor is a type of speech that compares or A Metaphor is a type of speech that compares or

equates two or more things that have something equates two or more things that have something in common. A metaphor does NOT use in common. A metaphor does NOT use likelike or or asas..

Example: Life is a bowl Example: Life is a bowl

of cherries.of cherries.

Can you think of otherCan you think of other

Metaphors?Metaphors?

OxymoronOxymoronAn Oxymoron is a figure of speech that An Oxymoron is a figure of speech that

is a is a combination of seemingly combination of seemingly contradictory words. contradictory words.

Examples:Examples: Same differenceSame difference

Pretty uglyPretty ugly

Roaring silenceRoaring silence

PersonificationPersonificationPersonification is a Personification is a

figure of speech in figure of speech in which an animal, which an animal, object, force of object, force of nature, or idea is nature, or idea is given human given human qualities or qualities or characteristics. characteristics.

Example:Example: Tears began Tears began to fall from the dark to fall from the dark

clouds.clouds.

AlliterationAlliterationAlliteration is the Alliteration is the repetition of sounds, repetition of sounds,

most often consonant sounds, most often consonant sounds, at the at the beginning of words. Alliteration beginning of words. Alliteration gives emphasis to words.gives emphasis to words.

Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepperspickled peppers