COMPLEMENTS AND DIRECT OBJECTS

Today’s Learning Objective: I will be able to identify a complement and a direct object in a sentence.

REVIEW!

What is the definition of a SIMPLE SUBJECT? The word or group of words that names

the person, place, or thing that performs the action described.

What is the definition of a SIMPLE PREDICATE? The verb in the sentence that answers

what the subject is doing in the sentence, what is done to the subject, and what the condition of the subject is.

Complements

You already know that a sentence must have two parts: a simple subject and a simple predicate.

Some sentences need additional words to complete their meaning. These words are complements.

Complement: is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of a subject and a verb.

Complements continued…

Complements usually appear right after the verb or very close to it. Most complements are nouns, pronouns, or adjectives.

Identifying Direct Objects Direct Object: is a noun or pronoun that

appears with an action verb and receives the action of the verb.

A Direct object answers the questions WHOM? or WHAT? after the action verb.

Examples: Mrs. Gomez picked us?

Picked whom? Answer: us The Direct Object = us

Fred asked a question. Asked what? Answer: question The Direct Object = question

Direct Object Chart A direct object is never an adverb or the noun or pronoun at the end of a prepositional phrase. Like subjects and verbs, direct objects can be compound. That is, one verb can have two or more direct objects.

Try to find the Direct Object!1. The plans for the bridge included

space for shops.2. The bridge has two arms.3. The weight of the crowd caused the

collapse of the bridge. 4. A huge crowd watched him from the

bridge.5. The first steam-driven automobile

moved slowly at two miles per hour

Direct objects in Questions A direct object in a sentence in a

normal word order is located after the verb.

In questions, which are often in inverted word order the position of the direct object in the sentence may change.

Direct Objects Question Chart

If you have trouble finding the direct object in a question, rephrase the sentence in normal word order, as shown in the examples below.

Find the direct object in questions! What have you heard about the early

electric powered vehicle? Whom did you invite to come with

us? When did manufacturers begin

production of the electric automobile?

What should we see next? Which reptiles can you touch?

Identifying Indirect Objects A sentence that has a direct object

can also have an indirect object. An indirect object is another type of complement. It also helps complete the meaning of a sentence.

Indirect object: is a noun or pronoun usually located between an action verb and a direct object. It tells which person or thing, something

is being given to or done for.

Indirect Objects Continued… An Indirect object answers:

TO WHOM? OR FOR WHOM? TO WHAT? OR FOR WHAT?

DO NOT confuse an indirect object with an object of a preposition An indirect object cannot be part of a prepositional

phrase. HINT: Always look for the direct object first in

the sentence. Then, look for the indirect object. An indirect object always answers the question TO

or FOR WHOM? or TO or FOR WHAT? After the action verb +the direct object.

Indirect Object Chart Most sentences with an indirect object will follow the same pattern: Subject + Action Verb + Indirect object + Direct object.

Try to find the Indirect Object!1. The Roman Empire built its citizens

many bridges.2. The Romans gave each bridge

several arches. 3. I bought my friends postcards of the

bridge.4. The bridges saved the travelers a

great deal of trouble.

Predicate Nouns and Predicate Adjectives Predicate nouns and predicate

adjectives are called subject complements. A Predicate noun renames to subject. A predicate adjective describes the subject.

Therefore, both subject complements add details about the subject.

Predicate Noun

A Predicate noun is a noun that appears with a subject and a linking verb. It renames or identifies the subject.

The most common linking verb are forms of the verb be.

Example: Robert is the captain.

Is = the linking verb Captain is identifying the subject, which is

Robert in the sentence above. Therefore, Captain=predicate noun

Predicate Noun continued…

Like a direct object, predicate nouns can be compound. Two or more nouns can be used after a linking verb to form a compound predicate noun. Example: The speakers today are Jim and Rebecca.

A predicate noun can also never be a part of a prepositional phrase. Example: Engineering is an interesting branch of science.

Predicate Adjective

A Predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a subject and a linking verb. It describes and modifies the subject of the sentence.

Examples: (the arrow connect the predicate adjective to the subject)

The river appears deep.

Predicate adjectives continued… Predicate adjectives follow linking

verbs. Some examples of linking verbs

include be, become, grow, look, smell, sound, stay, and turn.

A sentence can also have compound predicate adjectives-two or more adjectives following a linking verb. Example: I felt tired and hungry after the long

climb.

Closing Slip

Directions: on the slip of paper write a proper heading. Follow the directions for each sentence listed below.

Identify the direct object and indirect object in the sentences below (label your answers accordingly).

1. In the fourteenth century, Martini, an Italian painter, designed a human-propelled carriage on four wheels.

2. Scales cover a snake’s bodyIdentify the predicate noun in sentence below (label your

answers accordingly).3. The walkway became a popular tourist spot.

Identify the predicate adjective in the sentence below (label your answers accordingly).

4. Your hand feels col.