TOEFL Reading Experiment

p n TOEFL phn experiment Reading+Listening

Bi nghe th nghim 1 1.Bird migration

2. King of flowers

3. Rag music

Dap an

1.c

2.a

3.b,d

4.a

5.b

6.c

7.d

8.a

9.b

10.b

11.c

12.c

13.d

14.c,d

15.b

16.a

17.d

Bi nghe th nghim 2 1. Lost wallet

2. Neuron

3.Bi ging v vn hc

Dap an

1.d

2.b

3.c

4.b

5.d

6.c

7.c

8.b

9.a

10.b

11.a

12.b

13.b,d

14.a,c

15.a

16.d

17.a

Lecture 2:

Quote:

Wordsworth, as we have said, is the chief representative of some of the most important

principles in the Romantic Movement, but he is far more a member of any movement, through

his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatest spiritual ideals he belongs among the five

or six greatest English poets.

First, he is the profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. His feeling for nature has two

aspects. He is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminating way than any of his

predecessors, to all the external beauty and glory of nature, especially inanimate nature of

mountains, woods and fields, streams and flowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. A

wonderful joyous and intimate sympathy with them is one of his controlling impulses In the second place, Wordsworth is the most consistent of all the great English poets of

democracy, though here as elsewhere his interest is mainly not in the external but in the spiritual

aspect of things The obstinacy and these poems are only the most conspicuous result of Wordsworths chief

temperamental defect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. Regarding himself

as the prophet of a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted the possibility of error in

his own point of view and was never able to stand aside from his poetry and criticize it

dispassionately.

Lecture 3:

Quote:

Ragtime is an American musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1899 and

1918. It has had several periods of revival since then and is still being composed today. Ragtime

was the first truly American musical genre, predating jazz. It began as dance music in popular

music settings years before being published as popular sheet music for piano. Being a

modification of the then popular march, it was usually written in 2/4 or 4/4 time (meter) with a

predominant left hand pattern of bass notes on odd-numbered beats and chords on even-

numbered beats accompanying a syncopated melody in the right hand. A composition in this

style is called a "rag". A rag written in 3/4 time is a "ragtime waltz".

Ragtime is not a "time" (meter) in the same sense that March time is 2/4 meter and waltz time is

3/4 meter; it is rather a musical genre that uses an effect that can be applied to any meter. The

defining characteristic of ragtime music is a specific type of syncopation in which melodic

accents fall between metrical beats. This results in a melody that seems to be avoiding some

metrical beats of the accompaniment by emphasizing notes that either anticipate or follow the

beat. The ultimate (and intended) effect on the listener is actually to accentuate the beat, thereby

inducing the listener to move to the music. Scott Joplin, the composer/pianist known as the

"King of Ragtime", called the effect "weird and intoxicating". He also used the term "swing" in

describing how to play ragtime music: "Play slowly until you catch the swing...". The name

swing later came to be applied to an early genre of jazz that developed from ragtime. Converting

a non-ragtime piece of music into ragtime by changing the time values of melody notes is known

as "ragging" the piece. Original ragtime pieces usually contain several distinct themes, four being

the most common number.

Lecture 4:

Quote:

Rafflesia, genus of various parasitic, stemless, leafless plants, distinctive for their putrid, carrion

odor. The plants are native to the Malay Archipelago and Indonesia and live on the stems and

roots of certain woody vines. The large, pink, five-lobed flowers are pollinated by carrion flies.

The blossom of one species, the corpse lily, is recognized as the largest flower in the world. It

grows up to 91 cm (36 in) in width, with petals 3 cm (1 in) thick and 46 cm (18 in) long, and

weighs as much as 7 kg (15 lb).

Scientific classification: Rafflesia make up the genus Rafflesia of the family Rafflesiaceae. The

corpse lily is classified as Rafflesia arnoldii.

ID Problem

Female student lost his wallet (inside her student id & meal card & key things, and so on.), Is

unable to return to dorm. As a result student service to do id card, experienced staff (audio and

video I was a black uncle) guard, said that there was no id card can not go in, or to produce

dirving license, or there is a portrait photo of the book, such as what the passport. But the girls

say, my wallet lost, id card lost, passport was also inside the dorm, and no id card, dorm Burang

Jin (with the subject, she asked why not get passport?). Later, the woman said her problems were

responsible for the dorm and said, email here to do that, staff check the search, this is really the

case, then staff also said that if you give the correct passport of the number, let her go, girl

students of calm Say the number, he said OK, you can go in, but you will be subject to

surveillance. MM say, who cares! MM said: her meal card is also lost. Manager, said: inside you

do when ID By the way can also do a meal card. MM: You really helped me a lot of pretty busy!

Administrator: if you have some other problems, I am glad to help you. MM, you help! (The

demotion ) there is the attitude of the test questions, asked why the MM say? (remember the

two options: 1.MM doubt

this is not the manager be able to help him. 2.MM in resolving all the problems relieved.) id

cards, 1 title, the theme of this paragraph about? mm to re-id card.

2, why not get her passport? Because in the quarters, no access to her.

3, black uncle how to confirm her identity? Id cards enter information through computer

confirmed.

4, mm can be how to re-submit Fanka?

5, go through the relevant questions. "Your Glad"? Mm, said the issue is resolved relieved.

Romantic poetry

The main literature stresses the 18-19 century English Romanticism (Romanticism) poetry

Wardsworth representative of the poem. He is the originator of romanticism, Romanticism, but

this was later combined with the title, they do not call their own (the title here). Romanticism is

not what we usually understand the romance, and nothing to do with love between men and

women. Romanticism is for the common people instead of a small number of educated people,

using simple language, is described in the common things in daily life, children, human feelings,

as well as natural and human interaction. Professor own, for example, say that they feel when

they walk in this kind of interaction (questions here) and the romanticism of a tit-for-tat style is

neo-classical neoclassicism, who is also the originator of romanticism is against it. neoclassicism

the use of too much elaboration, such as the sky is not called sky, and blue, what's called; bird is

not known bird, and called feathered person. Professor of the poet's works are divided into three

phases. The early Romantic works, description of the main plants (flowers and grass) poetry.

When the medium-term is a social phenomenon comments. Early on, when the latter part of the

revised works. At present, it is still early literary works the best. (Professor also said that he later

wrote the poem the more the worse, but better early, the focus of this article, he talked about the

first phase of the poems).

wordsworth, as we have said, is the chief representative of the typical of some of the most

important principles in principle in the romantic movement, but he is far more a member of any

movement, through his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatest spiritual ideals he

belongs among the five or six greatest English poets.

first, he is the profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. his feeling for nature has two

aspects. he is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminating way than any of his

predecessors, to all the external beauty and glory of nature, especially inanimate nature of

mountains, woods and fields, streams and flowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. a

wonderful joyous and intimate sympathy with them is one of his controlling impulses.

In the second place, wordswoth is the most consistent of all the great English poets of

democracy, though

here as elsewhere his interest is mainly not in the external but in the spiritual aspect of things. the

obstinacy and these poems are only the most conspicuous result of w's chief temperamental

defect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. regarding himself as the prophet of

a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted the possibility of error in his own point of

view and was never able to stand aside from his poetry and criticize it dispassionately.

1, the characteristics of Romantic poetry. (Two-election) is against the feelings of individuals

with different classicism.

2, go through the relevant question is a classical poetic description of the bird that they said to fly

people,

about the performance characteristics of classical poetry.

3, a professor of romantic attitude?

4, said the professor to take a walk in their own time to feel the intention of interaction?

5, go through the relevant question to the effect that the author is a professor, said the first phase

of the

early works better, but not in the class after work for evaluation, suggesting what?

4. Migratory birds, bird migration

Students looking for a teacher to write because he's the report of the bird migration, but can not

find enough materials that teachers can not be enough material (sites emerged: a professor asked

what this meant, the answer is that she find a resource should be easy), Boys said that because he

is on paper it is written in ancient migratory birds, so not enough information. The professor

said: "Oh, do you find a good topic, but you have to know that my request is your paper you

have to reflect what the school this semester." Later he said wanted to write on Aristotle's views

on the subject and the like The teacher said that her request is the hope that they will use the

knowledge to complete the research paper should not do summarization, he hoped for an idea

can be written before the old theory, and now these new ways to support or refute the theory,

then He could think of to write bird migrate at night, most people only see the bird, so that birds

in the bird under the wings of the movement, what, in fact, because of newly discovered birds fly

at night (that the adoption of this topic to verify their understanding of the The teacher's intention

to change the topic from ancient to recent). He also wanted to write a non-migratory birds, but

dormant, was rejected by the teacher, the teacher said only 15 of the report should not toss it into

the case, but quite a good idea. Last

week he hoped the teachers to look after, take a look at him determine the direction.

People think small birds do not migrate. But birds migrate at night and the small birds are under

the wing of big wings. So they are invisible to people. Then the student wants to write a bird that

not migrate but hibernate, but the teacher denies his idea. At last, the teacher hopes that he can

come a week later and see

his new topic.

He can not find sufficient material for the bird migration. But the teacher thinks it is impossible.

They he

wants to write some ideas from Aristotle. But the teacher says that her request is to apply their

knowledge

to accomplish the paper. So he should change the topic.

5.Ragtime music

Ragtime introduced a popular in the United States in the nineteenth century or so called ragtime

music, to show the vitality of young people (spirit of youth) and the like, this music is popular

because of the relationship between the piano, as the two is really a mix. In those days, have on

various occasions with the piano. This degree of popular music at that time, (like Rock & Roll at

a time). Test sites here, came up with some female students said after the sentence came I just

don't get it, is meant to be a professor explain, also said that piano was so popular at that time,

first, because it can produce harmony with the music, and the other Because it was considered a

status symbol of wealth, what the symbol of wealth and status. In addition, that time, we all have

no money, go public concert or restaurant, what to listen to the music, piano and voice loud

enough, and ragtime music rhythm with the seamless, so the two complement each other very

much like the music of young people, Because it is very passionate. In addition to performances

everywhere, ah, park, etc. do not have to perform the piano, as difficult to move (the sites)

because of

transportation problem. At the same time, this music is the predecessor of jazz,

becauseperformer, a song seven rounds, seven pop tune. Regtime this music very much, ah,

for example, now that since the development of jazz.

Ragtime Ragtime music (for the period 1890-1915 in the United States popular music)





modification of the then popular march, it was usually written in 2 / 4 or 4 / 4 time (meter) with a

predominant left hand pattern of bass notes on odd numbered beats and chords on even-numbered beats accompanying a syncopated melody in the right hand.

composition in this style is called a "rag". A rag written in 3 / 4 time is a "ragtime waltz".

Ragtime is not a "time" (meter) in the same sense that march time is 2 / 4 meter and waltz time is

3 / 4 meter; it is rather a musical genre that uses an effect that can be applied to any meter. The




beat. The ultimate ( and intended) effect on the listener is actually to accentuate the beat, thereby

inducing the listener to move to the music. Scott Joplin, the composer / pianist known as the


describing how to play ragtime music: "Play slowly until you catch the swing ...". [1] The name




the most common number.

6. Rafflesia flower king

Professor introduced the very beginning of plant classification, referred to the classification of

species species, genus is, order head. Said the plant classification is difficult, some of the special

characteristics of plants like this in particular. Put forward the classification of plants can not

completely rely on its flower shape and features. Referred to the Rafflesia (king of flowers),

flowering stone will be distributed rancid smell to attract flies spread pollen. She cited Indonesia

as a plant M, its flower is very special, super-large (the picture shows it has a diameter of the arm

so long as the color purpurea, the cattle might know what it is a plant), offensive Taste like meat,

what, but they are not found in the final of an order. Growth in the very difficult time, other

plants can not grow (a title: it grew up in what kind of environment?) Of this plant are the source

of things, but it will eat insect grasp, as it can from the soil Adequate nutrition, so to be this way

to obtain the required nutrients (Title II: Why eat worms?) And then said how it's bug? After a

very long period of study, experts found it and violet (violet ), Willow (Salix), and so on are of

an order, after the mention of childhood violet, will distribute the kind of smell. Referred to co-

exist (test), there is reference to another plant in South America and it is the same purpose, but a

very small flowers, not bad taste, blueberries and symbiotic coherent. Student can not do DNA

testing, said such a large flower is not the basic photosynthesis, not Extraction Plant in general to

be able to extract the DNA. In the analysis of DNA technology is mature and they will not be the

same, due to their differences in the characteristics too. Professor Plant also mentioned that the

mating is not easy, one-smelling honey resulted in close to the animals is not easy, and second, it

meets only once a year to spend, and spend hours male and female. So much so difficult to put

together a congenital condition, so few people have the opportunity to see the whole process of

flowering. (Test) So, the conclusion can not be Watch Now. Later, speaking of this flower is

likely to become extinct due to fly to help transport pollen to the same kinds of flowers together,

it is necessary. . . . These conditions should be simultaneous, is a small probability event. Small

incident

7. Chapter VII of the (test plus-conversation)

The student is complaining the noise and dust made by the construction out of the library since

they have to take some classes during this summer break. The housing officer says that she

cannot help this situation, she cannot change the schedule of the construction as the man

suggests, since the construction is decided by a special committee and funded several months

ago. Then the man suggests the construction team to move to another side of the building. But it

is too difficult to move anything. Later the officer suggests that maybe they can apply for another

dormitory, but she needs contact with housing first.

Questions:

1> Why the man go to the office?

2> What can be inferred from what the woman talks?

8. Part VIII (plus test-lecture)

Talk about how coffee has been decaffeinated (off caffeine) and not destroy the original flavor,

and packaging.

A map. Say in how gas under high temperature and high pressure XX (forget the physical terms).

decaffeinate this principle. After this process coffee beans in a pot, and then after another

physical process,

it crystalize (clear), the packaging can be.

Questions

1> Main topic

2> What is the theory the process uses

3> Describe the process in the order of happening 9. Chapter IX (plus test-lecture)

Size of population and the rank of the city in the long run are to be found in the law. What if a

law, a linguist found that the frequency of letters is regular. Through virtual cities, such as

design, this law does exist, not only is the unemployment rate, or population, or society as a

whole.

Marketing inside 4M (money media market message) pay attention to market position and

market potential customers to seize the media, including TV and magazines EG: products for

young teachers in the young teachers should look like the magazines were doing, and give a

teach-related magazine, also said that another And a teach-related magazines, even if the teacher

does not like the money-and health-related products before the holiday advertising message soup

benefits example

10. Part X of the MS hearing for the first time on December 1

1. often heard people describe the art of very talented people, 16th of the artists, many of them

are in order to make ends meet Sharon to go to work, the so-called creative just imitate the style

popular at that time. Studio support in a number of artists together to complete an art. In addition,

a technician from the artists who produce sculpture or paint tools, works of art to change jobs to

do. For example, a good pair of boots to be both good-looking to wear this with good reason.

2 animals in class, when King was good, such as priority to eat, rest areas are considerable.

There are male Wang, female, Wang also. If the fight lost, will be looking down with the family,

the loss of Wang. Some animals, the higher the lower tube, pipe and then the lower lower, and

some only on one head, all of the tube. Cited as an example of a wolf. But dominance is not

fixed, such as deer antlers, if not the means losing the dominant position. Sometimes animals

will be used to consolidate the status of these methods, such as monkeys ~ ~ But when there are

shortcomings leader, he can commit to foreign busy

3 green products the very beginning they had transferred the city, for the degree of awareness of

environmental protection groups to identify the target groups. Output is still low, may be a factor

for people who are willing to pay is small, low production value, the price is too high, do not

want to buy to gain the upper hand. Teacher recommendations to promote green products can

proceed in the direction away from environmental protection, such as an environmentally-

friendly and environmentally friendly refrigerator to save money, so people bought more.

11. Part XI of the increase in North America test

A dialogue: a female professors do not understand their paper comments, said he chose not to

write a sociologist theoretical papers, and many do not agree with the content, so far-fetched to

write; Professor requirements set out in the fact that girls should not be a causal relationship to

write ; The public can absorb, draw upon family theory, easier to understand.

Lecture 2: North America, Mexico, a region of ancient sculpture and cultural characteristics:

large, 3-meter-high; head with a helmet can be interpreted as armor, it can be interpreted as

football cap; Puma mouth like the mouth, like the rulers imposed. Require students to

proficiency in archeology, and other human subjects in order to more fully understand the

ancient culture of the region.

Lecture 4: The causes of the Sahara Desert, not because of human activities, but because the

revolution orbit of the Earth, blown away the monsoon rains, caused by underground water, and

so on. It found that serious desert, moved to Egypt, Egypt resulted in the prosperity of

civilization.

12. From the 12th chapter after JJ, as if once appeared on October 18

A dialogue: the students in the library scene. Boys to take a print of the paper, because on the

night to do a presentation. Administrators say has been linked with him, because he did not print

the forms to apply for a

hook to the black-and-white or color.

Only the results of the library to the black-and-white copying, and eager students because of the

color he wanted. Later, the administrator provides a method (Here I'm not sure, do not know

whether to print a copy of Professor). And then have to pay urgent expenses, but only because

The color of a fight, you can save money.

2 dialogue: the discussion papers and students scene. Girls on a language lesson, the teacher

arranged to write papers, she said that the discussions to find a teacher to write about the issue of

dialect (with title), because she was in the same dormitory and the students found the time to get

along, although everyone. From different places, but the other words in accordance with the

regulation of their speech patterns of different ways

(with title), she identified. For their own schools, many foreign students, it was decided to do this

study to explore how this model, said to her Attention to the scope of the study (with title), said,

and so she planned to tell him to finish out (with title). The well, but It seems not belong to a

point.

Speaker 3: The tip of the (ice slip) to melt and move the issue to analyze the movement of a

variety of

factors, the speed of movement.

4 speech: African Americans made things (quill or what, forget). , Said there was a show, all this

kind of thing, each has its own characteristics, but there are certain common. For example, there

will be a lot of design geometry, such as rectangular, Light was also used. There's still above the

Tonton painting, is a pattern, just like the pictures to see in the story. An example of baseball's

hands, as if baseball is in the hands of the clothes. General important person or thing. There is

the poor people in the past, no material, the only other clothes removed split into the (one drawn

at random said).

Hearing that there was a lost wallet MM. There are her student id & meal card & key, and other

things.

She went to the place you want to re-submit ID, administrator of the door, she let go, because the

place holds only a student id's talent can get. Later, she said: People say I lost my ID, they were

supporting Come to this place. Manager: Do you have pasport? MM: My passport at the hostel,

but I lost the key. (With the subject, she asked why not get passport?) Administrator said: Oh,

you, and so on, I made an e-mail to ask ah, after she was asked not remember the ID number,

MM, ID had given him, and he said OK, you can go in, but you will be subject to surveillance.

MM say, who cares! MM said: her meal card is also lost. Manager, said: inside you do when ID

can also be done by the way the meal card. MM: You really helped me a lot The pretty busy!

Administrator: if you have some other problems, I am glad to help you. MM, you help! (The

demotion) there is the attitude of the test questions, asked why the MM say? (Remember the two options: 1.MM doubt that the administrator is not able to help him. 2.MM in resolving all the

problems relieved.)

Botany. Professor introduced the very beginning of plant classification, referred to the

classification of species species, genus is, order head. Put forward the classification of plants can

not completely rely on its flower shape and features. She cited Indonesia as a plant (M at the

beginning of), and its flower is very special, super-large (the picture shows it has a diameter of

the arm so long as the color purpurea, the cattle might know what it is a plant) , The unpleasant

taste, like what the meat (do not understand, but he mentioned twice), referring to the co-

existence (questions, but I follow God, so heard of clear. Allusion to another plant in South

America and It is the same purpose, but a very small flowers, not bad taste, blueberries and

symbiotic coherent. In the DNA analysis technology is mature and they will not be the same,

because of their characteristics much difference. Professor also mentioned that The plant is not

easy mating, resulting in one of the unpleasant smell of honey-close to the animals is not easy,

and second, it meets only once a year to spend, and spend hours male and female. So much so

difficult to put together a congenital condition, so few people have the opportunity to see The

whole process of flowering. (Questions)

Said the plant classification is difficult, some of the special characteristics of plants like this in

particular. R, said a plant, said a lot, and rodden meat flavor, so as to attract pollinators to help it

fly, and then said there was a M characteristics of the plant and his like, but they are not found in

a final order, after the last Research for a long time, the experts found it and violet, willow and so

on are of an order, and then said that the violet of a small, you have the kind of smell, a word is

hard to imagine that they are an order of

Rafflesia flowers Carrion introduction Common name: Carrion Flower (Corpse flower), Shriver took Shi-ya (Rafflesia)

Scientific name: Rafflesia

Chinese Keming: English Division flowers Keming: Rafflesiaceac

Profile: King of general flowers with a diameter of 108 centimeters, the largest record up to 126

centimeters, the king took to the male and female cross. Flower has five valves, heavy Duojin 30,

spent ten centers can be installed Duojin water. For the fruits of about 15 centimeters in diameter

sphere, with lignified, brown the surface, full of white, lipid-rich pulp of thousands of red and

brown seeds in them.

King did not spend it leaves no stems, it is a parasitic plant, the plant-level lessons on nutrition to

life. Its seed is very small, almost hard to see with the naked eye. It has also spread the seeds of

gas a little bit lazy, small seeds with viscous, when the elephant stepped on it or other animals,

will be taken to other places to take root, sprout, for breeding. King spent growing up in

Malaysia, Indonesia's Java and Sumatra, and other

tropical forests.

King spent the growth in the 500-700 meters of tropical rain forests, in the absence of the four

seasons, so would not necessarily come out at any time. However, according to the local people,

each of the 5 to 10 months, it is the main growing season. Just when it appeared the ground, only

about table tennis so much that after several months of slow growth, the buds have a tennis-like

size, into a cabbage-like size, then 5 of the succulent petals open slowly, and so on Full of

blooming flowers have been the two days and two nights. It is hard to believe that the king spent

hard to open up the huge flowers, even the maintenance of only 4 to 5 days, and in this 4 to 5

days, the flowers will continue to release a strange smell, so Large animals to avoid natural, and

some insects Zhu Xiu to be a matchmaker for its pollination. When the petals wither and fall, it

will become a heap of corruption and black material in the near future, the fruits are mature,

hidden inside a large number of small seeds, ready to fall into place, to find suitable locations

germination.

King took the name is taken from the British colony at the time of Sir Stamford Raffles. In 1818

when, Sir Stamford Raffles and his friend Dr. James Arnold in this place, Manna found the

greatest king of the flower species (40 cm in diameter and weighing 7 kg) and named Rafflesia

arnoldii. At present, to be sure Varieties of a total of 16, and 16 species of Rafflesia are growing

up in Southeast Asia, Indonesia's Sumatra

hit Prince (Sumatra) Canary Island wow (Java); Malaysia (15 species).

Unfortunately, because few people know that the flower breeding methods, we can only rely on

natural spread, and the flowers have medicinal value (for women in childbirth), it was cut

mining, In addition, the king of flowers grown by local As a fertile land, which for other

purposes; protected without good cause to spend king gradually reduced. In any case, in 1997

Sabah Wildlife Protection Act enacted to protect the king spent plants. In 2002, authorities found

the king 44/83 on the protection of the environment, therefore, they are looking for staff,

supervision, and hope that the future king to spend with their growing environment can no longer

be destroyed.

Students looking for a teacher to talk about term paper, migratory birds related information that

not enough teachers that the information will not be enough because the students would like to

discuss the ancient migratory birds for the views of the teachers think students should focus on

their own part of the study and application

Students looking for a teacher to write because he's the bird migration could not find paper

materials that teachers can not (get), and later said he wanted to write on the Aristotole on this

idea of what the teacher said her hope is that they require the use of The knowledge to complete

the research paper, he hoped that the theme for his writing might be thought of as bird migrate at

night, most people only see the bird, so that birds in the bird's wings, what's next move. He also

wanted to write a non-migratory birds, but dormant, was rejected by the teachers. Last week he

hoped the teachers to look after, take a look at him to identify

the subject of

Academic Duan 2: neurons and other cells of the nervous system, 1950s before the study was

only neuron that they are leading the nervous system, which was later found G also very

important role, not as original as that is only responsible for Supply nutrition and protection of

the neuron, resulting in errors before because the academic community that the signal comes

from a transfer of power, and in fact G is the transfer of information on the chemicals.

Glial cells (glial cells) and Neurons (nerve cells)

Glial cells, commonly called neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells that provide

support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission

in the nervous system. In the human brain, glia are estimated to outnumber neurons by about 10

to 1. [1]

Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, the other main type of cell in the central

nervous system. They are thus known as the "glue" of the nervous system. The four main

functions of glial cells are to surround neurons and hold them in place, to supply nutrients and

oxygen to neurons, to insulate one

neuron from another, and to destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons.

Glia were discovered in 1856 by the pathologist Rudolf Virchow in his search for a 'connective

tissue' in the brain.

The human brain contains about ten times more glial cells than neurons. [1] Following its

discovery in the late 19th century, this fact underwent significant media distortion, emerging as

the famous myth claiming that "we are using only 10% of our brain" . The role of glial cells as

managers of communications in the synapse gap, thus modifying learning pace, has been

discovered only very recently

Duan academic 1: English Romantic poet William Wordsworth, poems that respond to human

heart and oppose the neo-classical Vanity Fair, opened up a new era in British Poetry

Third, Wards Worth's poetry, the United Kingdom on behalf of the romantism, and then said

romantism the difference between romantic and, romantism write is a natural, simple language,

but there is a neoclassism on the contrary, simple as saying that the complex, sky as Is the blue

sky or a blue extend. Wards Worth's poem in three phases, the first phase of the successful

poetry, the second phase of the forgotten, when the third phase of the first phase of the recall,

and then that the first phase of the best. Instead, the back to die.

8. Said one music, to show the vitality of the young people like, but also are more willing to

write piano music to express this, but because of transportation reasons, and sometimes do not

have the piano (the test), and then said what the rock'n roll, (not Remember), the piano also said

at that time was so popular, first, because it is in harmony with the music, but also because it was

considered a status symbol of wealth,

what's the end now that it is in the form of Jazz.

Ragtime Ragtime music (for the period 1890-1915 in the United States popular music)





modification of the then popular march, it was usually written in 2 / 4 or 4 / 4 time (meter) with a

predominant left hand pattern of bass notes on odd -numbered beats and chords on even-

numbered beats accompanying a syncopated melody in the right hand. A composition in this

style is called a "rag". A rag written in 3 / 4 time is a "ragtime waltz".

Ragtime is not a "time" (meter) in the same sense that march time is 2 / 4 meter and waltz time is

3 / 4 meter; it is rather a musical genre that uses an effect that can be applied to any meter. The




beat. The ultimate ( and intended) effect on the listener is actually to accentuate the beat, thereby

inducing the listener to move to the music. Scott Joplin, the composer / pianist known as the


describing how to play ragtime music: "Play slowly until you catch the swing ...". [1] The name




the most common number

Reading Bi 1. Sumerian Civilization Background ca bi ny cc bn tm hiu trong ny: Compare & Contrast: Egypt and Mesopotamia Mesopotamia civilization, the United States and the Soviet Union and Egypt's relatively civilized The discovery surprised scientists, the two civilizations can produce at the same time. Culture in Egypt, Mesopotamia culture came into being at the same time. Egypt has fertile land, resulting in its letter independence. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia, the unique circumstances surrounding desert of what the old to be aggressive, so are a help of a gang, the Mesopotamian culture is not culture, like Egypt, Mesopotamia Damien Asia did not leave a lot of cultural heritage. Mesopotamia when the lives of the people like the good, so no one has put forward the idea of reunification, only after a long time, but due to spend a lot of what's on in the war, the destruction soon. At that time, as a result of environmental conditions, where people are in the soil / wood to build a house, so not the same as Egypt and now we have not found what had left the building. We are also a lot of pottery dug up the stone, engraved above the text, only by those pushing to know the history. What then becomes of the Sumerian, which is coming from outside the movement of peoples. Two Rivers area of the United States and Sorbian Da Miya civilizations, Egypt and the first civilization to compare, compare the results of their (Mesopotamia) from foreign invasion, is not easy to preserve civilization, construction materials and it is difficult to preserve, only archaeologists from the The excavated cultural relics in their study. Sumerian say is the latter part of two rivers in the region of the characteristics of civilization, especially their religious city-state system of gods, the impact of their economic system (Xian satisfied). Classification is a big topic title, compared with Egyptian and Sumerian civilization civilized. Da Miya Sorbian culture

The first paragraph: U.S. culture and culture of Egypt at the same time, but because the United States has no geographical restrictions. (With title) In the second paragraph: S until a unified people, saying their sources and history, they have set up a cultural In the third paragraph: S kind of cultural relics less, which for two reasons: First, Second, the local stone is not rich people do not Houzang habits. Therefore S is based on the understanding of the text. In the fourth paragraph: S in the culture of the most important thing is religion, every city has a local god, god has a very sacred of all, on behalf of the city in the middle of her fellow procedure. (With title) of the social market economy is to the temple as the center, organized by the trade ministers, many of priest records are relevant. Cu hi: 1. The word astonishing in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) important (B) unknown (C) amazing (D) interesting 2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. (A) A great civilization arose in Mesopotamia, the "land between the rivers under pharaonic rule. (B) Egypt and another great civilization both developed in Mesopotamia between 3500 and 3000 B.C. (C) A great civilization arose in Mesopotamia between 3500 and 3000 B.C. at the same time that ancient Egypt was being united. (D) As Egypt was being united under pharaonic rule, a great civilization arose there. 3. The phrase its substance refers to (A) the political history of ancient Mesopotamia (B) divine kingship (C) Egypt (D) the sudden collapse of military power 4. The word obscure in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) unclear (B) unique (C) controversial (D) important 5. The author mentions Nor did they share the Egyptians concern with the hereafter, in order to (A) To provide one explanation for the relatively few physical remains of ancient Sumerian society. (B) To explain why ancient Sumerian built with mud brick and wood rather than with stone. (C) To help account for the fact that tombs and vaulted chambers have been found only at Ur. (D) To counter the claim that all ancient societies paid great attention to the afterlife.

6. According to the passage, it can be inferred that the City of Ur is located in Ur (A) Egypt (B) Persia (C) northern Mesopotamia (D) near the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates 7. The word vast in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) random (B) very large (C) surprising (D) relatively small 8. According to paragraph 2 and 3, the physical characteristics of Mesopotamia affected Sumerian civilization in all of the following ways EXCEPT: (A) Foreign invasions were made easy. (B) Creating and maintaining political stability was made difficult. (C) Continuity of cultural and artistic traditions could not be achieved. (D) Sumerian architecture could not produce long-lasting structures 9. Look at the four [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Click on a square [] to add the sentence to the passage. Despite these achievements, scholars know much less about Sumerian life than they would like. Where would the sentence best fit? 10. According to paragraph 4, what evidence is used to support the claim that the idea of divine ownership was not "a mere pious fiction"? (A) The idea of divine ownership originated with the kings of Sumerian city-state. (B) The idea of divine ownership was the reason why a large part of the harvest was offered to the god. (C) The idea of divine ownership eventually came to replace "theocratic socialism. (D) The idea of divine ownership served as the basis for the economic organization of Sumerian society. 11. The word considerable in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) substantial (B) fixed (C) valuable (D) limited. 12. In the above passage, all of the following were true of the local god EXCEPT (A) The local god owned everything and everyone in the city-state. (B) The local god represented the subjects of the city-state to other gods. (C) The local god communicated with the people of the city-state through a human ruler. (D) The local god sometimes fought against the local gods of rival city-states 13. Fill in a table Ancient Egyptian Civilization

Sumerian Civilization p n: 1. C: astonishing = amazing 2. C: sentence simplification = A great civilization arose in Mesopotamia between 3,500 and 3,000 B.C. at the that ancient Egypt was being united. 3. A: Its substance refers to - the political history of ancient Mesopotamia 4. A: obscure = unclear 5. A: the ancient Sumerians did not "share the Egyptian's concern with the after life reason = to provide one explanation for the relatively few physical remains of ancient Sumer society. 6. D: the "city of Ur" = near the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates rivers. 7. B: vast = very large 8. C: EXCEPT = continuity of cultural and artistic traditions could not be achieved. 9. 4: the idea of divine ownership served as the basis for the economic organ Sumerian society. 10. A: considerable = substantial 11. D: EXCEPT = the local god sometimes fought against the local gods of rival city-stated. 12. D 13. A, F/C, D, G (fill in a table) Bi 2. Natural section Darwin's theory of evolution 1. Darwin's theory of evolution due to the emphasis on what changes in the environment of plants and animals to go through a very long time before the evolution of new species. However, some people made a short period of time can be the evolution of species. There is a fish, on the lower reaches, there are a lot of predator, these fish breeding faster, baby with the big fish than in the past, poor quality, more deformed, it will not be overloaded. Much longer and faster. On the upper reaches, and there is little predator, their rate of reproduction on the slow, but not baby fish and slow growth. , Said there is a bird, and some great mouth of the small mouth. The minimum can only eat small seed / nut. There was a time of drought, seeds, a lot of dead birds, the investigation found that the dead birds are regular. Sri Lanka's most mouth of the birds. The weather was back to normal, it was found that those birds than in the past and future generations of a big mouth. Abundant rainfall, the bird's mouth smaller than before. Darwin's theory of evolution is a long-term requirements in order to see the evolution of characteristics, the article cited two examples on the short-term experiments evolution: 1. Experimental artificial intervention, a fish, there are many natural enemies in the deep sea, shallow sea predators less on their natural enemies, many of them living environment, a number of years, these fish begin to shorten the life cycle, spawning early, the mother fish Do not raise juveniles. They then returned to the shallow water, they are observed by a number of years, they lay their eggs than the initial reduction, but the volume increases. 2. Natural experiment: one on the island there is a bird, a major drought, a lot of small-beaked birds had

become extinct because of the large beaked birds to better food intake; later to restore natural conditions and found that the bird beak gradually reduced. Is a summary of major topic title \ u001C 2. Animals to the large volume of the theory of evolution: the biological mass is not flexible and evolutionary trends in the end, to cite two examples 1. Elephant, physical characteristics, such as limbs and very large relations 2. Whales rely on water to support weight (with questions), and with the elephant from a rodent, the ancestors of the small size of living in the bank, hind legs, and later turned into a whale (there are questions on the changes in the characteristics). 4 The introduction of the first paragraph: Darwin observed that because of human evolution because it can not be too long, of course, is not the case. In the second paragraph: a scientist, said in a pilot's natural environment: in a river upstream and downstream of a number of different living predicators of fish, scientists use the environment to test a theory: make the most of the population survive for future generations Have the greatest evolutionary advantage. In the third paragraph: Scientists using this theory, made an analysis of the reasoning, concluded that: the lower reaches of the fish should be more production of eggs, mature faster rate in order to adapt to the evolution. (There are questions test the significance of this paragraph). In the fourth paragraph: the lower reaches of the scientists on the upper reaches of the fish, the results proved that theory.In the fifth paragraph: will do their own experiments, if fortunate enough to encounter a person, just to observe. A couple of scientists is the case. A place of great changes in droughts and floods, affecting some kind of nut production, local ownership of the large beak birds because they can break the beak of a small bird can not open the nuts in the dry year so there is a greater survival rate One is a talk about biological evolution. Darwin made at the beginning of the evolution of a wrong understanding of: biological evolution takes a long time, a person's life can not be observed in biological evolution. After cited two examples to refute. One is a scientist with a fat fish in a river basin evolution of the various different growth pattern. In the lower reaches, because there are many natural enemies, the fish grow faster, as soon as possible in order to the next generation of breeding, and the number of juvenile fish, but many are relatively weak. The upper reaches of the river basin in the absence of any natural enemies, with a growth rate of fish to slow. The scientists, some of the lower reaches of the fish to get the upper reaches of the district, 11 years after the discovery transferred to the upper reaches of the fish has changed a lot. Mature slower, bigger than the original figure of 10%, and juvenile fish special body also increased. The second example is on an island in a one-year drought for a long time all of a sudden, an island of 1,200 birds starved to death in 1000, and the other scientists found that surviving is not as lucky. The surviving bird beak bigger than Beak, you can eat the seeds of large and small seeds of months, and starvation are the small Beak, can not eat seeds of a major. These birds in turn gave birth to a bird's Beak of the original than the big bird Beak. And a few years under the heavy rain, with a lot of small seeds for Beak of the small birds, bird's beak and future generations of smaller. In the few years bird beaked according to the size of the constant changing environment. p n bi c Natural Section: 1. a; 2. a; 3. d; 4. a; 5. c; 6. b; 7. c; 8. a; 9. a; 10. b 11. a; 12. b. 13. b; 14. a; c; d.

Cn 1 phn experiment ca Reading rt hay cho vo Vit Nam l Reading Experiment section: 1. telegram inventions, American and Europe's reflection first section: Said the advance in technology, the 1840S telegram already had made great strides and so on, but has met some obstacle: fund is insufficient; Also lacks management; Probably also has a flaw.

(here tests to has these obstacle, I elect am come from other communication method competition, does not know rightly not to). Then asked two questions: Is responsible by who, investment? (has pushes the thesis, asked that your 1840S telegram development's what kind, I elect not to have the explicit **/organization to manage. I am deduce according to the final two questions, indefinite) The second section: Speaks American and Europe's difference. Europe is the country all, but also has established very many postal. The US before forming monopolizes monopoly and under government regulation, is private private. Then said that the although US had the technical limit at that time, but the US develops is best. (this section left several topics, in content article has not been difficult to find) Third section: The US mainly uses in business, (here has the glossary topic with () the enterprise, did not know|||I elect am novel new). Then speaks its development. Then also mentions Europe's development. Afterward said that actually the telegram is not at that time most advanced. Also mentioned said that because in economical limit, therefore only had produced little change to afterward the telegram. (this also has in behind tests) The full text does down, because the very major part is the US and Europe writes in the contrast, therefore has thought the final big topic can leave summarizes the US and Europe separately. But finally the discovery is 5 chooses 3 full text primary intention broad topic. 2. songbird: Was approximately speaks the scientists to do has tested. First is aims at chaffinch to do. Said that wants to prove has a look at the ability which they sing is inborn. Therefore their isolate, afterward discovered normal chaffinch sings the song has many variation. for instance to have the dialect, the male gender seeks a mate the song more or less the same, but also has the difference. Although has the difference, is also may recognize is homogeneous. Uses in bird which tests, can sing simply, melody on the whole. Therefore the scientist thought that they are congenital have the singing ability. Second is goes against the house sparrow in vain (white any sparrow), said that this kind of bird, in three months, before has not formed own singing sound, puts the magnetic tape to them, is may let them learn the dialect. But the time, their voice has not changed. Third is another kind of bird, the F opening. Said this kind of bird, if does not let them hear own sound, they can only form the stave syllable, including inadequate song. Must let them certainly hear itself to send any sound, can let them sing. Final big topic is very difficult, divides three fences, respectively is chaffinch can do, but sparrow cannot, sparrow energy, chaffinch cannot, they cannot. Possible three to classify me to remember that was not very accurate, this topic time without enough time, I pulled several to come up carelessly. But thought that this topic has been too terrorist, has induced not only, but also has the comparison ......) Bi ny hin nay vn cha c key tuy nhin cc bn khi i thi gp bi ny c th b qua k cn lm cng

c

Documents

TOEFL Reading Experiment