TOGAF V91 M12 Views and Viewpoints

7/25/2019 TOGAF V91 M12 Views and Viewpoints

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Copyright TOGAF is a registered trademark of The Open Group.

The Open Group is a registered trademark and Boundaryless Information Flow

is a trademark of The Open Group.

Lesson 12Views and ViewpointsTOGAF 9.1


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Views and

Viewpoints

TOGAF is a registered trademark

of The Open Group in the United

States and other countries


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To understand the concepts of views and viewpoints

To understand the role of Architecture Views

To introduce some TOGAF resources

By the end of thislesson, you will beable:

Objectives

Sour


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System

Stakeholders

Concerns

View

Viewpoint

Concepts and Definitions


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A system is a collection of components organized to accomplish a specific functio

System

Source: SGI

Source: IONA


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Stakeholders


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Concerns


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A view is a representation of a system from the perspective of a related set of co

An architect creates architecture models. A view consists of parts of these arc

chosen to show stakeholders that their concerns are being met.

View


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A viewpoint defines the perspective from which a view is taken.

It defines how to construct and use a view, the information needed, the mode

expressing and analysing it and a rationale for these choices (Example: Describ

intended audience of the view).

Viewpoint


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Source: IEEE Std 1471


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The architect uses views and viewpoints in phases A to D to develop architecture

(business, data, application, technology).

A view is what you see. A viewpoint is where you are looking from, the vantag

perspective that determines what you see

Every view has an associated viewpoint that describes it, at least implicitly.

Viewpoints are generic, and can be stored in libraries for reuse. A view is alwa

architecture for which it is created.

Views and Viewpoints


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Architecture view is a representation of an overall architecture with meaning to o

stakeholders in the system. For example:

A building architect might create wiring diagrams, floor plans, and elevations t

facets of a building to its different stakeholders (electricians, owners, planning

An enterprise architect might create physical and security views of an IT system

What is an Architecture View?


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A Simple Example of a Viewpoint

Viewpoint Element Description

Stakeholders Management Board, CEO

Concerns Show the top-level relationships between geographical sit

functions

Modeling technique Nested boxes diagram.

Outer boxes = locations;

Inner boxes = business functions.Semantics of nesting = functions performed in the locatio


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A Simple Example of a View

Off-siteOff-site

IT Infrastructure

BurlingtonBurlington

Management

ReadingReading San FranciscoSan Francisco Dynamic/ VirtualDynamic/ Virtual Home OfficesHome Offices

Management Management Management

Out-sourcedOut-sourced

PR

Legal

Event Management

HR HR HR

Finance

Enterprise Architecture

IT Development

IT Support

Program Management Program Management

Miscellaneous

Sales

Program Management

Research

Desktop Support

MarketingMarketing

Event Management

Program Management Program Management

Event Management

IT Development

Figure 1: Example View - The Open Group Business Domains in 2008


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The choice of which particular architecture views to develop is one of the key de

architect has to make.

The architect has a responsibility for ensuring:

the completeness of the architecture; and

o does it address all the concerns of its stakeholders?

the integrity of the architecture.

o

can the views be connected to each other?o can the conflicting concerns be reconciled?

o what trade-offs have been made (e.g. between security and performance)

Developing Views in the ADM


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The pilot has one view of the system, the air traffic controller has another. Neithe

the whole system. The perspective of each stakeholder constrains how they see t

Name some elements in the pilots view not viewed by the controller

Name some elements in the controllers view not viewed by the pilot

Name some shared elements

ExerciseViews and Viewpoints for a Simple Airport System


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Describe 2 viewpoints for this system.

Why is using viewpoints helpful?

ExerciseViews and Viewpoints for a Simple Airport System

Th Vi C i P


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Refer any existing libraries of viewpoints.

Select key stakeholders.

Analyse stakeholders concerns and document them.

Select appropriate viewpoints (based on the stakeholders and their concerns)

Generate views of the system using the selected viewpoints as templates.

The View Creation Process

B fit


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Ensures less work for the architects. The viewpoints have already been define

can be created faster.

Ensures better comprehensibility for stakeholders as the viewpoints are famili

Ensures greater confidence in the validity of the views as their viewpoints hav

record.

Benefits

Th Vi C ti P


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If no libraries of viewpoints exist then:

select key stakeholders;

analyse stakeholders concerns and document them;

develop new viewpoints (based on the stakeholders and their concerns); and

generate views of the system using the new viewpoints as templates.

Alternatively create an ad hoc view and then consider whether a generalized form

viewpoint should be defined explicitly and saved.

The View Creation Process

Using TOGAF Artifacts


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TOGAF includes an example set of recommended artifacts that can be adopted, e

combined to produce architecture views.

The three classes of artifacts defined are:

Catalogs

Matrices

Diagrams

Using TOGAF Artifacts

Catalogs


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Catalogs are lists of building blocks of a specific type, or of related types.

For example:

Principles Catalog created in the Preliminary Phase

Organization/Actor Catalog created in Phase B

Driver/Goal/Objective Catalog

Catalogs

Matrices


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Matrices show the relationships between building blocks of specific types. Matric

represent list-based rather than graphical-based relationships.

For example: The Stakeholder Map Matrix created in Phase A

Matrices

Stakeholder Map Matrix


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Stakeholder Map Matrix

Diagrams


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Diagrams represent building blocks in a rich and visual way. It is especially suited

communication.

Example:

Value Chain diagram created in Phase A

Business footprint diagram created in Phase B

Diagrams

Example Business Footprint Diagram


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Example Business Footprint Diagram


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Preliminary Phase

Principles catalog

Phase A, Architecture Vision

Requirements Management

Phase B, Business Architecture

Organization/Actor catalog

Driver/Goal/Objective catalog

Role catalog Business Service/Function catalog

Location catalog

Process/Event/Control/Product catalog

Contract/Measure catalog

Business Interaction matrix

Actor/Role matrix

Business Footprint diagram

Business Service/Information diagram

Functional Decomposition diagram

Product Lifecycle diagram

Goal/Objective/Service diagram

Business Use-Case diagram

Organization Decomposition diagram Process Flow diagram

Event diagram

Phase C, Data

Architecture

Data Entity/Data

Component catalog Data Entity/Business

Function matrix

Application/Data matrix

Logical Data diagram

Data Dissemination

diagram

Data Security diagram

Class Hierarchy

diagram

Data Migration diagram

Data Lifecycle diagram

Phase C, Application

Architecture

Application Portfolio catalog

Interface catalog Application/Organization matrix

Role/Application matrix

Application/Function matrix

Application Interaction matrix

Application Communication

diagram

Application and User Location

diagram

Application Use-Case diagram

Enterprise Manageability

diagram

Process/Application Realization

diagram Software Engineering diagram

Application Migration diagram

Software Distribution diagram

Ph

Phase E. Opportunities & Solutions

Project Context diagram

Benefits diagram

Recommended Architecture Views


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Recommended Architecture Views

Business Architecture View

Enterprise Security View

Software Engineering View

System Engineering View

Communications Engineering

View

Data Flow View

Enterprise Manageability View

Acquirer View

Summary


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In general, TOGAF embraces the concepts and definit

2007, specifically those that guide the development o

view actionable. Such as selecting key stakeholders, aconcerns, and documenting them, and understanding

deal with those concerns.

The language used to depict the view is the viewpoint

architecture concepts from different perspectives, inc

interfaces, and allocation of services critical to the vie

Summary

Summary (contd )


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When applying TOGAF a number of tailoring steps should

The viewpoints provided should be customized to crea

architecture views that ensure all stakeholder concern new viewpoints and views should be created to addre

Summary (contd.)


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Quiz


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QUIZ

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Views and viewpoints are used by an architect to capture or model t

system architecture. Which of the following statements is true?1

Different stakeholders always share the same views

Some views do not have associated viewpoints

A viewpoint is the perspective of an individual stakeholder

A view is the perspective of an individual stakeholder

Views and viewpoints are rarely used in TOGAF


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a.

b.

c.

d.

QUIZ

e.

Different stakeholders always share the same views

Some views do not have associated viewpoints

A viewpoint is the perspective of an individual stakeholder

A view is the perspective of an individual stakeholder

Views and viewpoints are used by an architect to capture or model t

system architecture. Which of the following statements is true?1

Answer: d.

Views and viewpoints are rarely used in TOGAF

Exercises


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Select a scenario (i.e. a business problem) from your own organization.

Identify two stakeholders (i.e. human actors) and their place in the business m

State the views and viewpoints for each stakeholder.

Exercises


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A Vehicle Licensing Bureau has the following stakeholders: licensing authority, ind

tax authority, car insurance firms, vehicle roadworthiness authority, and law enfo

Identify two stakeholders (i.e. human actors) and their place in the business m State the views and viewpoints for each stakeholder.


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Views and

Viewpoints

TOGAF is a registered trademark

of The Open Group in the United

States and other countries


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Copyright TOGAF is a registered trademark of The Open Group.

The Open Group is a registered trademark and Boundaryless Information Flow

is a trademark of The Open Group.

Thank You

Documents

TOGAF V91 M12 Views and Viewpoints